Table of Contents

    Today! reached number four in the U.S. during a 50-week chart stay and yielded three top 20 singles: "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" (number 9), "Dance, Dance, Dance" (number 8), and "Do You Wanna Dance?" (number 12). A rerecorded version of "Help Me, Rhonda", issued in April, became the band's second number-one hit in the US. In the UK, the album was released in April 1966 and peaked at number 6. Today! continues to attract critical acclaim, with commentators usually focusing on the second side of the record, often describing it as a precursor to Pet Sounds (1966).

Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

The Beach Boys Today!

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 34 min
The Beach Boys Today!
Studio album by
the Beach Boys
ReleasedMarch 8, 1965 (1965-03-08)
RecordedJune 22, 1964 – January 19, 1965
Studio
Genre
Length28:54
LabelCapitol
ProducerBrian Wilson
The Beach Boys chronology
The Beach Boys' Christmas Album
(1964) 		The Beach Boys Today!
(1965) 		Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)
(1965)
The Beach Boys UK chronology
Beach Boys' Party!
(1966) 		The Beach Boys Today!
(1966) 		Pet Sounds
(1966)
Singles from The Beach Boys Today!
  1. "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" / "She Knows Me Too Well"
    Released: August 24, 1964
  2. "Dance, Dance, Dance"
    Released: October 26, 1964
  3. "Do You Wanna Dance?" / "Please Let Me Wonder"
    Released: February 15, 1965

The Beach Boys Today! is the eighth studio album by the American rock band the Beach Boys, released March 8, 1965, by Capitol Records. It signaled a departure from their previous records with its orchestral sound, intimate subject matter, and abandonment of car or surf songs. Side one features an uptempo sound, while side two consists mostly of introspective ballads. Supported by this thematic approach, the record established the group as album artists rather than just a singles band.

The album was produced, arranged, and largely written by Brian Wilson with additional lyrics by Mike Love. Most of it was recorded in January 1965 with the aid of over 25 studio musicians shortly after Wilson had suffered a nervous breakdown and stopped touring with his bandmates. Building on the advancements of All Summer Long (1964), Today! showcased more refined performances, denser and richer arrangements, slower tempos, longer structures, and influences drawn from Phil Spector and Burt Bacharach.

Unlike their prior albums, none of the songs employ just traditional rock instrumentation as accompaniment. Instead, a more eclectic selection of instruments, including timpani, harpsichord, vibraphone, and French horn, feature throughout the album. Lyrically, Wilson developed a more personalized, semi-autobiographical approach, with his songs written from the perspective of vulnerable, neurotic, and insecure narrators. The LP includes "She Knows Me Too Well", about a man who acknowledges his cruel treatment of his girlfriend, "Don't Hurt My Little Sister", about a sibling who appears to conflate fraternal and romantic feelings for his younger sister, and "In the Back of My Mind", a ballad that ends with a breakdown of instruments playing asynchronously.

Today! reached number four in the U.S. during a 50-week chart stay and yielded three top 20 singles: "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" (number 9), "Dance, Dance, Dance" (number 8), and "Do You Wanna Dance?" (number 12). A rerecorded version of "Help Me, Rhonda", issued in April, became the band's second number-one hit in the US. In the UK, the album was released in April 1966 and peaked at number 6. Today! continues to attract critical acclaim, with commentators usually focusing on the second side of the record, often describing it as a precursor to Pet Sounds (1966).

Background

[edit]

Following the success of their chart-topping "I Get Around" single, the Beach Boys' touring schedule became considerably more busy.[3] From June to August, the group toured in support of their newest LP, All Summer Long, which had marked the most complex arrangements on a Beach Boys record to date, as well as being the first that was not focused on themes of cars or surfing.[4] They also readied a Christmas album for release in November.[5] By the end of the year, they had released four albums in 12 months and additionally recorded the singles "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" and "Dance, Dance, Dance".[6] In November, they toured the UK and mainland Europe for the first time, appearing on various television programs and playing shows.[7][8]

Brian Wilson (right) composed most of Today! in conjunction with lyricist Mike Love (left)[9]

By this point, principal songwriter Brian Wilson had become overwhelmed by the increasing pressures of his career and personal life.[10][11] He later explained, "I used to be Mr Everything ... I was run down mentally and emotionally because I was running around, jumping on jets from one city to another on one-night stands, also producing, writing, arranging, singing, planning, teaching – to the point where I had no peace of mind and no chance to actually sit down and think or even rest."[12] Adding to his concerns was the group's "business operations" and the quality of their records, which he believed suffered from this arrangement.[13] During the European tour, frontman and lyricist Mike Love told Melody Maker that he and the band wished to move on from surf music and avoid resting on the band's laurels.[14][nb 1]

Wilson was also wracked with anxiety over his relationship with 16-year-old singer Marilyn Rovell. During the group's tour of Europe, he began consuming alcohol more frequently than he ever had, and channeled his feelings into writing songs.[8] On December 7, in an effort to bring himself more emotional stability, he impulsively married Rovell.[12] Around this time, he was introduced to marijuana by a new acquaintance from the music industry, Loren Schwartz.[16] Wilson's habitual use of the drug exacerbated tensions in his marriage.[17][8]

The Beach Boys performing "Dance, Dance, Dance" at NBC TV studio, December 18, 1964[18]

On December 23, Wilson was to accompany his bandmates on a two-week U.S. tour, but while on a flight from Los Angeles to Houston, began sobbing uncontrollably over his marriage and suffered a nervous breakdown.[19][20] Al Jardine, who had sat next to Wilson on the plane, later said, "None of us had ever witnessed something like that."[19] Brian played the show in Houston later that day, but was substituted by session musician Glen Campbell for the rest of the tour dates.[21] This was the first time Wilson had skipped concert dates with the Beach Boys since 1963.[13]

Over the next month, the group returned to studio sessions and finished the tracks that formed The Beach Boys Today![22] Wilson ultimately declared to his bandmates that he would be withdrawing from future tours for an indefinite period of time.[23][nb 2] He said, "I told them I foresee a beautiful future for the Beach Boys group, but the only way we could achieve it was if they did their job and I did mine."[23][nb 3] According to Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, Wilson had been considering retiring from the music industry, but changed his mind upon hearing their recent song "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" (produced and co-written by Phil Spector).[25][nb 4] Wilson later told a journalist that his decision to quit touring was a byproduct of his "fucked up" jealousy over Spector and the Beatles.[27] Journalist Nick Kent wrote that Wilson had also been "listening intently" to the work of Burt Bacharach and Hal David.[28]

Style

[edit]

Orchestrations and concept

[edit]

The Beach Boys Today! marked a stylistic departure from previous Beach Boys LPs and was their most musically sophisticated to date,[29][30] featuring more complex and innovative arrangements.[31] Academic Jadey O'Regan identified the album as the start of a period in which the band focused predominately on "unexpected structures and chordal movements, dense vocal harmonies, and a wide variety of orchestral textures not often heard in popular music of the time."[29] However, musicologist Phillip Lambert disagreed with the notion that "Brian wrote B-side songs before his December catharsis and A-side songs in the sunny glow of his subsequent freedom", believing that the compositions which preceded his plane episode still showed evidence of progressive ingenuity.[32]

Today! was arranged as a concept album, with the first side of the record consisting of uptempo songs and the other side consisting of ballads.[33] As music historian James Perone writes, "it was organized in such a way as to explore moods that extended from song to song. In other words, more than anything else Wilson had produced before, it was a coherent work and not just a collection of stand-alone songs."[34] However, the thematic consistency is undercut by the presence of a filler track, "Bull Session with the "Big Daddy"", placed at the very end of the album.[35]

Many of Wilson's new songs were written under the influence of marijuana. His 2016 memoir, I Am Brian Wilson, suggested, "smoking a little bit of pot ... changed the way I heard arrangements."[36] Further on the subject of his marijuana use, he commented in an interview, "It opened some doors for me, and I got a little more committed to music than I had done before, more committed to the making of music for people on a spiritual level."[37] Journalist David Howard argued that Wilson's use of marijuana had an "immediate effect" on his writing and production style, influencing the slower tempos, "more expansive" arrangements, introspective lyrics, as well as his "thinking in regard to the recording process ... his productions became denser and richer."[38]

Today!'s orchestral sound was influenced by producer Phil Spector[39]

Unlike their prior records, none of the songs feature just basic rock instrumentation as accompaniment (drums, bass, guitar, piano, organ, vocals). Seven of the eleven songs feature orchestral-style instrumentation, while the remaining four use basic rock set-ups as a foundation, being augmented with other instruments that the band members themselves could not play.[40] This included the accordion, autoharp, English horn, oboe, electric mandolin, and French horn.[2] Also featured are a range of percussion instruments, from sleigh bells and timbales to triangles.[41]

Owing to the greater number of ballads, Wilson invokes his signature falsetto nine times on the record, the most he had on a Beach Boys album since 1963's Surfer Girl.[42] Unusually, Dennis Wilson sang lead on the first and last songs on the album ("Do You Wanna Dance?" and "In the Back of My Mind").[43] This was because Brian had felt that Dennis "never really had a chance to sing very much", and so he gave him more leads on the album.[44]

Themes and musical structures

[edit]

In songs like "She Knows Me Too Well" and "In the Back of My Mind", Wilson's dream lovers were suddenly no longer simple happy souls harmonizing their sun-kissed innocence and dying devotion to each other over a honey-coated backdrop of surf and sand. Instead, they'd become highly vulnerable, slightly neurotic and riddled with telling insecurities.

—NME journalist Nick Kent, 1975[28]

Lyrically, Wilson developed a more personalized, semi-autobiographical approach, with his songs written from the perspective of vulnerable, neurotic, and insecure narrators.[28] All of the songs are expressed from a first-person perspective, and none of them involve themes related to cars or surfing.[45] Instead, they offer a matured take on romantic relationships,[46][35] as well as being more introspective, relating to such themes as growing up.[47] Music historian Charles Granata said that the songs "exhibit a unified lyrical theme: the wonder of adolescent love and the expression of tender, pleading affection", subject matter that was "far more" substantial than when the group "declare[d] their love for a girl, car, or the surf."[48]

Virtually every song expresses anticipation or apprehensiveness about the future,[49][50] and the album is consistent with the Beach Boys' past records by remaining largely concerned with teenage experiences.[31] Journalist Alice Bolin wrote, "This makes some sense – Wilson was barely out of high school when the Beach Boys formed – but on Today!, the childlike lyrics take a turn for the unsettling", particularly when scrutinized against Wilson's 22-year-old perspective, as Bolin felt, "Wilson's attraction to teenage girls and his prolonged interest in teenage life smacks of a kind of arrested development."[31] In the book Yeah Yeah Yeah: The Story of Modern Pop, Bob Stanley remarked of the lyrics, "Brian was aiming for Johnny Mercer but coming up proto-indie."[51]

Today! contained more songs with a verse-chorus structure than any prior Beach Boys album.[52] Jazz chord types and relations appear in many songs, including "When I Grow Up", "Kiss Me, Baby", and "Please Let Me Wonder".[53] O'Regan uses the aforementioned songs as examples of "a maturing view of life and relationships that were underpinned by and reflected in the expandable and flexible verse-chorus form."[54] He wrote that Today! offered the "clearest example" of the group's pre-1967 "lyrical experimentation" due to the "longer and more flexible structures".[52]

Side two marks the introduction of major seventh and major ninth chords, which, O'Regan states, "soften the lively sound of the A side".[55] Journalist Scott Interrante noted that "it would be a mistake to assume that the ballads are more sophisticated. ... Wilson proves that he can be just as harmonically and structurally inventive with catchy dance songs as he can with emotional ballads."[56] Likewise, "Even in the upbeat songs like 'Do You Wanna Dance?' and 'Dance, Dance, Dance', there is a sense of focus on the future, and a distinct, unsettling feeling that they’re trying to dance off."[49] He further characterized A-side songs such as "Good to My Baby" and "Don't Hurt My Little Sister" with having a "deceptive simplicity" in their music and lyrics.[39]

Recording

[edit]
Entrance of Western Studio on Sunset Boulevard (2019)

The Beach Boys Today! was largely recorded between January 7 and 19, 1965, at Western Studio in Hollywood. Other studios used were Gold Star ("Do You Wanna Dance?") and RCA Victor ("Dance, Dance, Dance").[57] Four songs were recorded in the previous year: "She Knows Me Too Well" and "Don't Hurt My Little Sister" (June), "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" (August), "Dance, Dance, Dance" (October), and the backing track for "Kiss Me, Baby" (December 16).[22]

Wilson had been employing the services of Phil Spector's session musicians (later known as "the Wrecking Crew") since the Surfer Girl sessions.[58] He used them to a greater degree on Today!, with the number of studio musicians used for each track usually exceeding 11 players, while performance takes ran to the 30s.[33] Dillon writes that the further takes "showed his studio skills were sharper than ever and [that he] was increasingly demanding of both the session musicians and the group."[11] Wilson's 2016 memoir states that, following the airplane episode, he had endeavored to "take the things I learned from Phil Spector and use more instruments whenever I could. I doubled up on basses and tripled up on keyboards, which made everything sound bigger and deeper."[59]

The recording process typically involved recording an instrumental on two tracks of 3-track tape with one remaining track left for the first vocal overdub. This tape was then dubbed down to a second tape for an additional layer of vocal overdubs. Today! was ultimately mixed down to mono and was their first album not to be issued in stereo since Surfin' U.S.A. (1963).[2] Select tracks from the album were later remixed for stereo on Beach Boys compilation albums. A complete stereo mix of Today! was first released in 2012.[60]

Contents

[edit]

Side one

[edit]

"Do You Wanna Dance?"

[edit]
Dennis Wilson bookends the album with lead vocals on "Do You Wanna Dance?" and "In the Back of My Mind"

"Do You Wanna Dance?" is a cover of the R&B song by Bobby Freeman, who had a top 10 hit with it in 1958.[61] It is distinguished from the original through its lush orchestration, three-part vocal arrangement, and instrumental bridge key change.[62] Dillon speculated that the rendition may have been inspired by the version by Del Shannon, who had recently recorded the song, although the Beach Boys' version bears a "closer resemblance" to an earlier version by Cliff Richard and the Shadows.[63] It was the first song the group recorded at Gold Star, Spector's favorite studio, and their second song that employed a timpani.[64][nb 5]

"Good to My Baby"

[edit]

"Good to My Baby" is about a man responding to criticisms regarding the way he treats his girlfriend.[65] Interrante opined that while it is not "musically exciting or complex", the defensive and anxious tone "running throughout the song adds a dark quality that’s not immediately on the surface, and ultimately makes 'Good to My Baby' all the more interesting."[9] O'Regan highlights the use of a major supertonic function (II) with giving "the [chord] progression a surprising lift under the positivity of the lyrics – it reaffirms the confidence the singer feels about his relationship, despite what others may think."[66]

"Don't Hurt My Little Sister"

[edit]
"Don't Hurt My Little Sister" was written for the Ronettes, Phil Spector's girl group[67]

"Don't Hurt My Little Sister" is about a sibling who appears to conflate fraternal and romantic feelings for his younger sister.[39] The lyrical inspiration is often attributed to Wilson's conflicted infatuations toward Marilyn and her sisters Diane and Barbara.[39] According to Wilson's 2016 memoir, it was written "about me and the Rovells. I wrote it from the perspective of one of them telling me not to treat another one of them badly."[68] Carlin wrote that the subject matter "recounts Diane Rovell's pointed advice from the early (and surreptitious) days of Brian and Marilyn's affair, only with an uncomfortable fraternal ardor: 'Why don’t you love her like her big brother?'"[65]

Wilson wrote the song for the Ronettes, modelling the chords and melodies after Spector's songs, and submitted it to Spector.[39] He accepted the song, but rewrote the lyrics, renamed it "Things Are Changing (For the Better)", and recorded it with the Blossoms. Wilson was to play piano on the recording session before being dismissed by Spector due to a substandard performance.[67] Wilson later recycled the chord progression of the song's refrain for the band's "California Girls" (1965).[39]

"When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)"

[edit]

"When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" is about a boy who is anxious of when he stops being a teenager.[70] At the time, Brian told the Birmingham Post, "When I was younger, I used to worry about turning into an old square over the years. I don't think I will now, and that is what inspired 'When I Grow Up'."[71] In a 2011 interview, he commented that when he wrote the song, he had a dismal view of his future.[69][72] In his 2016 memoir, Love wrote that the song was "probably influenced" by Murry Wilson, who constantly challenged Brian's manhood.[73]

In the lyrics, the narrator poses such question as "Will I love my wife for the rest of my life?"[70] That line in particular marked the first instance of a Beach Boys song discussing falling out of love with someone, as opposed to just being in or out of a relationship.[74][nb 6] Critic Richard Meltzer later cited "When I Grow Up" as the moment when the Beach Boys "abruptly ceased to be boys".[75] It is one of the first rock songs to discuss impending adulthood[69] and is possibly the earliest U.S. top 40 song to contain the expression "turn on" (from the lyric "will I still like the things that turned me on as a kid?").[76]

Granata wrote that the song "best exemplifies the [band's] musical growth" through its "effective combination of odd sounds" and its "full and round" vocal harmonies.[77] With the exception of the harmonica in the verses, all the instruments were played by the group members themselves. It took 37 takes to record.[69] O'Regan afforded attention to the drum pattern for avoiding a traditional backbeat rhythm. Instead, it "effectively plays 'around' the vocals with interesting fills adding texture and drama to the passing of time in the lyrics. Each part of the drum kit works independently from each other, horizontally as four separate parts, rather than a whole set working together."[78]

"Help Me, Ronda"

[edit]
"Help Me, Ronda" featured a rare lead vocal from rhythm guitarist Al Jardine

"Help Me, Ronda" is about someone whose fiance left him for another man[79] and subsequently begs for a woman named Ronda to "help me get her out of my heart" with a one-night stand.[80] It was sung by Al Jardine, his second ever lead vocal for the group.[23][nb 7] Wilson and Love denied speculation that the "Ronda" mentioned in the lyric was based on a real-life person,[80] although Love said that the opening lines drew from his high school experiences.[79]

Wilson said that he came up with the song while "fooling around on the piano" playing Bobby Darin's "Mack the Knife" with its "cool, shuffle beat".[81] O'Regan felt that "the uneven rhythm" represented "both the limping pain from the previous relationship, and the heart-skipping feeling of new love."[81] The song ends with a series of fake fade-outs, described by journalist Alexis Petridis as "undercutting the triumphant chorus with a weird sense of uncertainty."[82]

"Dance, Dance, Dance"

[edit]

"Dance, Dance, Dance", written in a similar vein as "I Get Around", is about escaping emotional stress through music and dancing. It is their first song with a writing credit to Carl Wilson, who devised the guitar riff. Interrante praised the band's performance on the track: "Despite being joined by some studio players, it's Carl’s 12-string playing, especially his solo, and Dennis Wilson's ecstatic drumming that are the real driving forces behind the song."[83] An earlier version of the song, recorded in Nashville in September 1964, was included as a bonus track on the album's 1990 reissue.[84]

Side two

[edit]

"Please Let Me Wonder"

[edit]

"Please Let Me Wonder" was the first song Wilson wrote under the influence of marijuana.[86] It is about a man who is afraid that a woman will reveal that she does not love him,[87] and so he instead prefers to fantasize that she does.[31] Wilson said that he did the song "as a tribute to Phil Spector",[72] although the arrangement, which highlights different, individual instruments throughout the song, was in direct contrast to the methods employed by Spector for his Wall of Sound.[85]

The instrumentation includes drums, timpani, tambourine, bass, two guitars, acoustic guitar, piano, tack piano, organ, horns, and vibraphone.[88] In Howard's description, the song "specifically demonstrates" Wilson's "newfound insight" of "deconstruct[ing] songs into tiny increments and deal with each instrument individually, stacking sounds one at a time."[89]

"I'm So Young"

[edit]

"I'm So Young" is a rendition of the 1958 doo-wop hit originally performed by the Students. Wilson chose to record the song because another version by the Ronettes' Veronica Bennett had recently been issued as a single.[84] In contrast to the album's other cover song, "Do You Wanna Dance?", the Beach Boys' approach to "I'm So Young" deviated minimally from the original. Interrante pointed to the outro (a feature that Wilson invented for his version) as the arrangement's most "innovative" quality.[90] An earlier version of the band's recording, containing a flute and a more prominent bassline, was released on the album's 1990 reissue.[84] Wilson soon revisited the song's "too young to get married" lyrical theme for the group's "Wouldn't It Be Nice" (1966).[91]

"Kiss Me, Baby"

[edit]

"Kiss Me, Baby" is about a quarrel between the narrator and his lover, and his attempt to repair their relationship.[92] Wilson was inspired to write "Kiss Me, Baby" while walking around a red light district in Copenhagen[93] days after proposing to his soon-to-be wife.[94] Love said that the "wistful bass line ... led to my lyrics about a guy who has a disagreement with his girlfriend, even though they can't even remember what they fought about, leaving them both brokenhearted."[79] Dillon cited it as "a ballad that pleaded for the romantic reconciliation [Wilson] anticipated with Marilyn."[8] Conversely, Interrante said that the track is different from the album's other songs in that it "doesn't seem to lyrically parallel Brian Wilson’s personal life at the time" and focuses "on coming to terms with the present" rather than anticipating the future.[50]

The arrangement features basses, guitars, saxophone, pianos, vibraphone, drums, and temple blocks—the sound of the latter percussion soon became a signature for Wilson–[8] as well as English horn and French horn.[50] Doo-wop style background vocals sing "Kiss a little bit, fight a little bit" repetitively throughout the chorus and outro.[95] Interrante described the song as among Wilson's "most interesting compositions" in addition to containing "some of the thickest and most beautiful harmonies the group had pulled off up to that point."[50] Biographer Jon Stebbins praised "Kiss Me, Baby" as "the pinnacle of balladry", one of the group's "most romantic and emotional songs", and "a mammoth artistic achievement".[50] A vocals-only mix was included on the 2003 compilation Hawthorne, CA.[50]

"She Knows Me Too Well"

[edit]

"She Knows Me Too Well" showcases a narrator who is critical of how he treats his girlfriend[87][44] and admits to having jealousy and double standards in the relationship.[97] However, he convinces himself that his emotional abuse is fine, since it is mitigated by the fact that "she can tell I really love her".[96] Wilson considered the song to be an homage to Burt Bacharach.[98]

It was the first track attempted for the album, although the original recorded version, made in June 1964, was scrapped in favor of a remake that was cut in August, during the same session for "When I Grow Up".[96][nb 8] The high-pitched percussion sound was made by hitting a screwdriver on a microphone boom pole.[96]

"In the Back of My Mind"

[edit]

"In the Back of My Mind" is about someone who describes themselves as "blessed with everything",[49] yet has unfounded suspicions that his happy relationship will someday disintegrate.[99] It features a dissonant orchestration and instruments such as saxophone, strings, and oboe.[100] Dennis Wilson sang the lead without the accompaniment of any vocal harmonies.[49] It is one of the group's songs that most heavily draw from the Tin Pan Alley style of songwriting,[101] and in Lambert's assessment, the chord patterns "are virtually unprecedented in Brian's work."[49] It ends with a breakdown of its instruments playing asynchronously.[102]

It is regarded among fans and critics as one of the band's "masterpieces".[49] Peter Doggett said of Dennis' performance, "he showed for the first time an awareness that his voice could be a blunt emotional instrument. ... his erratic croon cut straight to the heart, with an urgency that his more precise brothers could never have matched."[103] Granata described the track as "disturbing" and "the antithesis of any prescribed commercial formula—a curious experiment marking an extreme deviation from the band."[100] Howard similarly regarded its "stony lead vocal" and "warped string arrangement" as Wilson's "most ambitious arrangement to date."[89] A 1975 recording of Brian performing the song on piano was released as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of his 2015 solo album No Pier Pressure.[104]

"Bull Session with the 'Big Daddy'"

[edit]
The Beach Boys in Europe, late 1964.

"Bull Session with the 'Big Daddy'" ends the album with a spoof interview of the band, conducted by journalist Earl Leaf, in which they discuss the group's recent tour of Europe. The track is a 2-minute edit of a recording that originally ran for over 20 minutes.[23] At one point, Brian remarks, "Well, I haven't made a mistake yet in my whole career", to which Love adds, "Brian, we keep waiting for you to make a mistake."[105][106]

Leftover songs

[edit]

"All Dressed Up for School" was a leftover track recorded by the band on September 14, 1964. The song was originally written by Wilson and Love for the singer Sharon Marie, as "What'll I Wear to School Today".[84] Lambert described "All Dressed Up For School" as "packed with musical invention" and said that the lyrics are "interesting" despite being "unsuitable for release in 1964."[107] In 1990, it was released as a bonus track on a reissue of Little Deuce Coupe and All Summer Long.[84]

"Guess I'm Dumb", written by Wilson and producer Russ Titelman, was tracked on October 14, 1964.[108] Wilson's 2016 memoir states: "When I was finished, no one from the band wanted to sing it. The message was okay, but maybe it was just the idea of being dumb."[109] In March 1965, Wilson gave the song to Glen Campbell as a show of thanks for his services with the touring group. It became Campbell's tenth single on Capitol, issued on June 7.[110] Howard said it was Wilson's "most inspired" production to date, featuring a "surging, elegant Burt Bacharach-inspired string and horn arrangement and Campbell's forlorn Roy Orbison-like vocal."[89]

Release and initial reception

[edit]
Contemporary professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Record Mirror[111]

Three tracks from the album were issued on two singles in the months prior the LP's release.[71] "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)" (B-side "She Knows Me Too Well") was issued on August 24 and peaked at number 9 in the U.S. and number 27 in the UK.[71] On October 26, it was followed with "Dance, Dance, Dance", reaching number 8 in the U.S. and number 24 in the UK.[112] On November 28, the band were filmed for the concert film T.A.M.I. Show, playing "Dance, Dance, Dance" and other hits.[112]

The Beach Boys backstage at the Philadelphia Convention Hall, February 1965

From January 27 to February 27, 1965, the band toured North America, with Campbell again substituting for Wilson.[23] On February 15, "Do You Wanna Dance?" (B-side "Please Let Me Wonder"), was issued as the third single, peaking at number 12 in the US.[113][nb 9] On February 28, the band (with Brian) appeared on Shindig! performing "Do You Wanna Dance?" and a truncated version of "Please Let Me Wonder".[115]

Released on March 8, The Beach Boys Today! was a great commercial success, rising to number four in the Billboard charts on May 1.[116] In April, a rerecorded version of "Help Me, Ronda" (retitled "Help Me, Rhonda") was issued as a single, becoming the group's second number-one hit in the US. This version of the song was included on the band's next LP, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!), released in July.[117] On October 1, the RIAA awarded Today! gold certification, indicating over 500,000 units sold.[118]

The San Francisco Examiner called the album "entertaining but a disappointment in relation to past efforts", and panned the inclusion of "Bull Session with the 'Big Daddy'".[119] The Anaheim Bulletin, however, admired the LP's final track, deeming it "a talkie, natural, behind-the-scenes-type informal gab session."[120]

In the UK, Today! was released in April 1966[121] and peaked at number 6.[122] Reviewing the album for London Life, Barry Fantoni described the "marvellous" production and numerous "really beautiful tunes" as displaying the Beach Boys at their peak.[123] The Record Mirror review rued, "Must garner sales, even if it doesn't really extend the Beach Boy talents particularly".[111]

Retrospective assessments

[edit]
Retrospective professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[46]
Blender (Today!/Summer Days reissue)[124]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[125]
MusicHound Rock[126]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[127]

The Beach Boys Today! has attracted much acclaim,[34] although most of the critical attention has been reserved for the second side of the record.[82] Writing in the book Icons of Rock, Scott Schinder highlighted the ballad side as "startling, both in their lyrical vulnerability and their distinctive arrangements."[35] Petridis opined that the "overlooked first half is equally fascinating" for its emotional content, noting that "even the filler of "Don't Hurt My Little Sister" carries a slightly dark undercurrent."[82]

On the band's subsequent releases, Wilson's writing and production style continued to grow in its sophistication, to the extent that writers often refer to the second side of the record as a precursor to the 1966 album Pet Sounds.[128] Writing for PopMatters, Bolin called Today! "an important artifact, with its sound forming a link between the Beach Boys' doo-wop-influenced beginnings and the lush and orchestral Pet Sounds.[31] Interrante wrote that it was "an exciting album" that showed early signs of Wilson "blur[ring] the lines between ballad and uptempo songs", and that in contrast to Pet Sounds, "Today! is about the optimism, not the sadness, of leaving adolescence."[56]

Less favorably, biographer Steven Gaines criticized Today! as "not one of Brian's best works, consisting mostly of a melange of uninspired car tunes [sic] ..."[129] Reviewing the album for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger declared that it was "strong almost from start to finish."[46] Similarly, Schinder wrote that it "would have been the first Beach Boys LP to be sublime from beginning to end, were it not for the closing track".[35] Interrante said of "Bull Session with the 'Big Daddy'", "one seriously questions why it was included at all. ... I think we can all agree that the album would be better off without it."[49] Bolin decreed that "it can be hard to separate Today! from the masterpiece it led to – so much so that Today! can feel like a rehearsal for Pet Sounds, with its themes and ideas repeated and perfected in the later album."[31] However, she also states that "to hear it only in relation to Pet Sounds would be to undermine what a strange and original work Today! really is."[31]

Today! regularly appears on "top album lists" conducted by publications such as Rolling Stone.[130] In 2005, it was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[131] In 2007, The Guardian included it among "1000 Albums to Hear Before You Die".[82] In 2012, it was ranked number 271 on Rolling Stone's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time", with the entry stating, "Brian Wilson was already a genius. He writes sweet California tunes here, and the haunting 'She Knows Me Too Well' hits Pet Sounds-deep."[132] On the list's 2020 edition, the record's position descended to number 466.[133]

Impact and legacy

[edit]
See also: Album era

With Today!, the Beach Boys established themselves as album artists rather than just a singles band.[34] Schinder credited its "suite-like structure" with presenting "an early manifestation of the rock album format being used to make a cohesive artistic statement – an idea that Brian would soon explore more fully."[134] Bolin similarly recognized it as the band's "first flirtation with the album-as-art form.[31] Journalist Paul Lester writes that the album "set new standards for rock",[135] while Interrante echoes that its "intricate and sophisticated music ... brought the group, and pop music in general to a new place."[49]

Record producer Phil Ramone states that, while some of the album's more unusual instrumental groupings might have been explored by jazz musicians like Claude Thornhill and Gil Evans, Wilson was pioneering in incorporating these unique combinations of instruments into the realm of mainstream pop music.[136] In his book 1965: The Most Revolutionary Year in Music (2015), Andrew Grant credits Today! with inaugurating "the era of baroque pop, a.k.a. chamber pop, in which bands fused elements of classical with rock".[137] In Perone's belief, Today! began the reciprocal chain of influence between the Beatles and the Beach Boys, inspiring "at least" part of the Beatles' Rubber Soul (1965).[34][nb 10]

Reissues and compilations

[edit]
  • In 1990, Today! was packaged with Summer Days for a CD reissue that included alternate takes of "Dance, Dance, Dance" and "I'm So Young" as bonus tracks.[46]
  • In 2012, Capitol issued a remastered mono and stereo edition of the album.[60]
  • In 2014, Capitol released Keep an Eye on Summer – The Beach Boys Sessions 1964, a rarities compilation that included alternate versions of "She Knows Me Too Well", "Don't Hurt My Little Sister", "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)", "I'm So Young", "All Dressed Up for School", and "Dance, Dance, Dance".[138]

Track listing

[edit]

Lead vocals per Craig Slowinski.[2]

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Lead vocal(s)Length
1."Do You Wanna Dance?"Bobby FreemanDennis Wilson2:19
2."Good to My Baby"
B. Wilson with Love2:16
3."Don't Hurt My Little Sister"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
Love with B. Wilson2:07
4."When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
Love with B. Wilson2:01
5."Help Me, Ronda"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
Al Jardine3:10
6."Dance, Dance, Dance"
Love with B. Wilson1:59
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Lead vocal(s)Length
1."Please Let Me Wonder"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
B. Wilson with Love2:45
2."I'm So Young"William H. "Prez" Tyus, Jr.B. Wilson2:30
3."Kiss Me, Baby"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
B. Wilson with Love2:35
4."She Knows Me Too Well"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
B. Wilson2:27
5."In the Back of My Mind"
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
D. Wilson2:07
6."Bull Session with the 'Big Daddy'" audio vérité2:10
Total length:28:54
The Beach Boys Today! / Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) 1990/2001 CD reissue bonus tracks
No.TitleWriter(s)Lead vocal(s)Length
25."The Little Girl I Once Knew"B. WilsonB. Wilson, Love with C. Wilson2:40
26."Dance, Dance, Dance" (alternate take)
  • B. Wilson
  • C. Wilson
  • Love
Love with B. Wilson2:02
27."I'm So Young" (alternate take)TyusB. Wilson2:29
28."Let Him Run Wild" (alternate take)
  • B. Wilson
  • Love
B. Wilson2:18
29."Graduation Day"
Love with B. Wilson2:18

Note

  • "Kiss Me, Baby" and "Please Let Me Wonder" were originally the only tracks on the album that listed a writing credit to Mike Love. Following his 1994 lawsuit, Love v. Wilson, he was awarded co-writing credits to seven more songs: "Good to My Baby", "Don't Hurt My Little Sister", "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)", "Help Me, Ronda", "Dance, Dance, Dance", "She Knows Me Too Well", and "In the Back of My Mind".[139]

Personnel

[edit]

Per band archivist Craig Slowinski.[2]

The Beach Boys

  • Al Jardine – lead (5), harmony (1, 4, 6–10) and backing vocals (1–4, 6–10), electric rhythm guitar (6), bass guitar (3–4, 8, 10)
  • Mike Love – lead (2–4, 6, 9), harmony (1, 4–10) and backing vocals (1–10), spoken word (12)
  • Brian Wilson – lead (2–4, 6–10), harmony (1, 4–7, 9–10) and backing vocals (1–7, 9–11), spoken word (12), four (6) and six-string bass guitar (8), grand (1–2), upright (3–4, 7, 9–10) and tack piano, Baldwin harpsichord (4), Farfisa (7) and Hammond organ (8), production (8, 11), mixing (8), conductor (11)
  • Carl Wilson – harmony (1, 4–10) and backing vocals (1–2, 4–11), spoken word (12), lead (1–11), rhythm (1–4, 8, 10), and 12-string guitar (1, 3, 5, 8), six-string bass guitar (8)
  • Dennis Wilson – lead (1, 11), harmony (4–10), backing (2–10) and double-tracked vocals (11), spoken word (12), drums (4, 6, 8, 10), percussion (7), hi-hat (4), tambourine (3, 7), tom-tom (7)

Guests

  • Earl Leaf – spoken word (12)
  • "Louie" (last name unknown) – castanets
  • Russ Titelman – percussion (microphone boom hit with screwdriver) (10)
  • Ron Swallow – tambourine (2, 5, 7–8), woodblock (7)
  • Marilyn Wilson – harmony (1) and backing vocals (1), spoken word (12)

Session musicians (later known as "the Wrecking Crew")

Technical staff

Charts

[edit]
Weekly charts
Chart (1965–1966) Peak
position
UK Record Retailer[122] 6
US Billboard 200[116] 4

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Similarly, Wilson replied angrily when asked how he felt about originating the surfing sound: "We don't play surfing music. We're tired of being labelled as the originators of the surfing sound. We just produce a sound that teens dig, and that can be applied to any theme. The surfing theme has run its course. Cars are finished now, too. And even Hondas are over. We're just gonna stay on the life of a social teenager."[15]
  2. ^ Band archivist Craig Slowinski surmised that Wilson's declaration may have occurred after the vocal session for "Kiss Me, Baby".[11]
  3. ^ According to Brian, Love "couldn't take the reality", Dennis threatened "some people" in the room that he would hit them with an ashtray, Al Jardine "broke out in tears", and Carl Wilson "was the only one who never got into a bad emotional scene. ... He cooled Dennis, Mike and Al down."[23] Love wrote in his 2016 memoir, "I wasn't angry [about Wilson's decision] (unlike his father, who accused Brian of abandoning his responsibilities). I understood—we all did, I think."[24]
  4. ^ In an interview from August 1966, Wilson states, "I never wanted to quit the music business. I just wanted to get off the road, which I did."[26]
  5. ^ "Pom, Pom Play Girl" was the first.[64]
  6. ^ O'Regan interpreted the line as Wilson admitting that he had doubts about his marriage.[74]
  7. ^ The first was "Christmas Day" (1964).[80]
  8. ^ The earlier version was planned to be an A-side single before the song was relegated to the B-side of "When I Grow Up".[67]
  9. ^ It was the first of only two Beach Boys A-sides that featured a Dennis lead, the other being "Slip On Through".[114]
  10. ^ In turn, Rubber Soul inspired Pet Sounds. The Beatles completed the chain with the Pet Sounds-influenced Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967).[34]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jackson 2015, p. 216.
  2. ^ a b c d e Slowinski, Craig (2007). "The Beach Boys – The Beach Boys Today!" (PDF). Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  3. ^ Dillon 2012, p. 39.
  4. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 57–59.
  5. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 57–59, 72.
  6. ^ Leaf, David (1990). Today/Summer Days (CD Liner). The Beach Boys. Capitol Records.
  7. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 63, 69–73.
  8. ^ a b c d e Dillon 2012, p. 40.
  9. ^ a b Interrante, Scott (April 14, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Good to My Baby"". PopMatters.
  10. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 63, 73–74.
  11. ^ a b c Dillon 2012, p. 42.
  12. ^ a b Badman 2004, p. 74.
  13. ^ a b Badman 2004, p. 77.
  14. ^ Welch, C (November 14, 1964). "Beach Boys Brought their own vegetables — so audiences beware!". Melody Maker. p. 10.
  15. ^ Badman 2004, p. 71.
  16. ^ Gaines 1986, p. 125.
  17. ^ Gaines 1986, pp. 125–126.
  18. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 75–77.
  19. ^ a b Badman 2004, p. 75.
  20. ^ Gaines 1986, p. 127.
  21. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 75, 77.
  22. ^ a b Badman 2004, p. 82.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Badman 2004, p. 83.
  24. ^ Love 2016, p. 108.
  25. ^ Jackson 2015, p. 40.
  26. ^ Moses, Ann (August 5, 1966). "? Time with Beach Boy Brian Wilson". NME.
  27. ^ Love 2016, p. 107.
  28. ^ a b c Kent 2009, p. 13.
  29. ^ a b Lambert 2016, p. 139.
  30. ^ Schinder 2007, pp. 111–112.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h Bolin, Alice (July 8, 2012). "The Beach Boys Are Still Looking at an Impossible Future". PopMatters.
  32. ^ Lambert 2007, pp. 180–182.
  33. ^ a b Himes, Geoffrey. "Surf Music" (PDF). teachrock.org. Rock and Roll: An American History. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 25, 2015.
  34. ^ a b c d e Perone 2015, p. 43.
  35. ^ a b c d Schinder 2007, p. 112.
  36. ^ Wilson & Greenman 2016, pp. 88, 191.
  37. ^ Jackson 2015, p. 41.
  38. ^ Howard 2004, pp. 57–58.
  39. ^ a b c d e f Interrante, Scott (April 21, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Don't Hurt My Little Sister"". PopMatters.
  40. ^ O'Regan 2014, pp. 161–163, 182.
  41. ^ Sexton, Paul (March 27, 2020). "'The Beach Boys Today!': 1965 Album Maps The Path To 'Pet Sounds'". UDiscover Music.
  42. ^ Lambert 2016, p. 157.
  43. ^ Dillon 2012, p. 45.
  44. ^ a b Wilson & Greenman 2016, p. 173.
  45. ^ Granata 2003, p. 62.
  46. ^ a b c d Unterberger, Richie. "Today!". AllMusic. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  47. ^ O'Regan 2014, pp. 250, 259.
  48. ^ Granata 2003, pp. 60–61.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h Interrante, Scott (June 16, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "In the Back of My Mind"". PopMatters.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g Interrante, Scott (June 2, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Kiss Me, Baby"". PopMatters.
  51. ^ Stanley 2013, pp. 219–220.
  52. ^ a b Lambert 2016, p. 143.
  53. ^ Lambert 2016, p. 68.
  54. ^ Lambert 2016, p. 144.
  55. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 222.
  56. ^ a b Interrante, Scott (March 31, 2014). "When I Grow Up: 'The Beach Boys Today!'". PopMatters.
  57. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 67, 82.
  58. ^ O'Regan 2014, pp. 150.
  59. ^ Wilson & Greenman 2016, p. 88.
  60. ^ a b Marchese, Joe (October 16, 2012). "Review: The Beach Boys Remasters, Part Two: The Album-by-Album Guide". The Second Disc. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
  61. ^ Dillon 2012, pp. 44, 46.
  62. ^ Interrante, Scott (April 7, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Do You Wanna Dance?"". PopMatters.
  63. ^ Dillon 2012, p. 46.
  64. ^ a b O'Regan 2014, pp. 179–180.
  65. ^ a b Carlin 2006, p. 72.
  66. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 213.
  67. ^ a b c Badman 2004, p. 57.
  68. ^ Wilson & Greenman 2016, p. 123.
  69. ^ a b c d Interrante, Scott (April 28, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)"". PopMatters.
  70. ^ a b O'Regan 2014, pp. 115, 215, 252.
  71. ^ a b c Badman 2004, p. 63.
  72. ^ a b Prince, Patrick (March 2, 2011). "Brian Wilson gives a brief summary of his hit songs". Goldmine Mag.
  73. ^ Love 2016, p. 91.
  74. ^ a b O'Regan 2014, p. 252.
  75. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 253.
  76. ^ Lambert 2016, p. 128.
  77. ^ Granata 2003, pp. 63–64.
  78. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 131.
  79. ^ a b c Love 2016, p. 112.
  80. ^ a b c Interrante, Scott (May 5, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Help Me, Ronda"". PopMatters.
  81. ^ a b O'Regan 2014, p. 134.
  82. ^ a b c d "Artists beginning with B (part 1)". The Guardian. November 17, 2007.
  83. ^ Interrante, Scott (May 12, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Dance, Dance, Dance"". PopMatters.
  84. ^ a b c d e Badman 2004, p. 66.
  85. ^ a b Interrante, Scott (May 19, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "Please Let Me Wonder"". PopMatters.
  86. ^ Wilson & Greenman 2016, p. 191.
  87. ^ a b Carlin 2006, p. 73.
  88. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 189.
  89. ^ a b c Howard 2004, p. 58.
  90. ^ Interrante, Scott (May 27, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "I'm So Young"". PopMatters.
  91. ^ Kent 2009, pp. 17–18.
  92. ^ O'Regan 2014, pp. 115, 210.
  93. ^ Gaines 1986, p. 118.
  94. ^ Badman 2004, p. 73.
  95. ^ O'Regan 2014, pp. 210, 255.
  96. ^ a b c d Interrante, Scott (June 9, 2014). "When I Grow Up: The Beach Boys – "She Knows Me Too Well"". Popmatters.
  97. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 210.
  98. ^ Benci, Jacopo (January 1995). "Brian Wilson interview". Record Collector. No. 185. UK.
  99. ^ O'Regan 2014, pp. 209, 315.
  100. ^ a b Granata 2003, p. 63.
  101. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 219.
  102. ^ Carlin 2006, p. 69.
  103. ^ Doggett 1997, p. 164.
  104. ^ Goldenberg, Joel (March 20, 2015). "Demos are sometimes best versions of songs". The Suburban. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  105. ^ Lambert 2016, p. 39.
  106. ^ Bull Session With "Big Daddy" #1 (Mono), archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2021-06-17
  107. ^ Lambert 2007, pp. 176–177.
  108. ^ Badman 2004, p. 67.
  109. ^ Wilson & Greenman 2016, p. 87.
  110. ^ Badman 2004, p. 86.
  111. ^ a b Jones, Peter; Jopling, Norman (30 April 1966). "The Beach Boys: Today!" (PDF). Record Mirror. No. 268. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  112. ^ a b Badman 2004, p. 69.
  113. ^ Badman 2004, p. 84.
  114. ^ Dillon 2012, p. 47.
  115. ^ Badman 2004, p. 90.
  116. ^ a b Badman 2004, pp. 86, 91.
  117. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 89, 96.
  118. ^ Badman 2004, p. 101.
  119. ^ McClay, Bob (28 Mar 1965). "Pick of the Albums". Show Time. San Francisco Examiner. p. 16.
  120. ^ George, Dick (17 Apr 1965). "Record Review". Anaheim Bulletin. p. D15.
  121. ^ Badman 2004, pp. 86, 124.
  122. ^ a b "The Official Charts Company – Beach Boys Today by The Beach Boys Search". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  123. ^ Fantoni, Barry (May 7, 1966). "Record Review by Barry Fantoni". London Life: 58. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  124. ^ Wolk, Douglas. "Today!/Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!)". Blender. Archived from the original on March 10, 2005.
  125. ^ Larkin, Colin, ed. (2006). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). London: Oxford University Press. p. 479. ISBN 978-0-19-531373-4.
  126. ^ Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel, eds. (1999). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. p. 83. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
  127. ^ Brackett, Nathan; with Hoard, Christian, eds. (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). New York, NY: Fireside/Simon & Schuster. p. 46. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  128. ^ O'Regan 2014, p. 62.
  129. ^ Gaines 1986, p. 138.
  130. ^ Lambert 2016, p. 218.
  131. ^ Dimery, Robert (2005). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Universe. New York, NY. p. 910. ISBN 0-7893-1371-5.
  132. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time: The Beach Boys, 'The Beach Boys Today'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  133. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  134. ^ Schinder 2007, p. 111.
  135. ^ Lester, Paul (June 1998). "Brain Wilson: Endless Bummer". Uncut.
  136. ^ Granata 2003, p. 60.
  137. ^ Jackson 2015, p. 22.
  138. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2015). "Keep an Eye on Summer: The Beach Boys Sessions 1964". AllMusic.
  139. ^ Doe, Andrew G. "Album Archive". Bellagio 10452. Endless Summer Quarterly.

Bibliography

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beach_Boys_Today!
4 views |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF