The Three Impostors

The Three Impostors; or, The Transmutations
Author	Arthur Machen
Language	English
Genre	Horror
Publisher	The Bodley Head
Publication date	1895
Publication place	United Kingdom
Media type	Print (hardcover)
Pages	215

The Three Impostors; or, The Transmutations is an episodic horror novel by Welsh writer Arthur Machen, first published in 1895 in The Bodley Head's Keynotes Series. It was revived in paperback by Ballantine Books as the forty-eighth volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in June 1972.

Prologue
Adventure of the Gold Tiberius
The Encounter of the Pavement
- Novel of the Dark Valley
Adventure of the Missing Brother
- Novel of the Black Seal
Incident of the Private Bar
The Decorative Imagination
- Novel of the Iron Maid
The Recluse of Bayswater
- Novel of the White Powder
Strange Occurrence in Clerkenwell
- History of the Young Man with Spectacles
Adventure of the Deserted Residence

Synopsis

The novel comprises several weird tales and culminates in a denouement of deadly horror, connected with a secret society devoted to debauched pagan rites. The three impostors of the title are members of this society who weave a web of deception in the streets of London, relating the aforementioned weird tales in the process. They search for a missing Roman coin commemorating an infamous orgy by the Emperor Tiberius and close in on their prey: "the young man with spectacles".^[1]

Censorship

Publisher John Lane of The Bodley Head, wary of the atmosphere following the trial of Oscar Wilde, asked Machen to expurgate his manuscript; Machen refused.^[2] Ultimately, however, Machen agreed to revise the description of the final scene of the book, in order to purge one word that Lane had found to be too explicit; the word was entrails.^[3]

Machen's later reflections on the novel

Partly in response to criticism of the Stevensonian style of the book, Machen altered his approach in writing his next book, The Hill of Dreams. Following the death of his first wife in 1899, Machen developed a greater interest in the occult, joining the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. He noted that a number of events in his life seemed to mirror events in The Three Impostors, most notably a conflict in the order between William Butler Yeats (a "young man with spectacles") and Aleister Crowley, which reached its height around this time. (These experiences are reflected on in Alan Moore's Snakes and Ladders.)

In Things Near and Far (1923) Machen wrote:

It was in the early spring of 1894 that I set about the writing of the said "Three Impostors," a book which testifies to the vast respect I entertained for the fantastic, "New Arabian Nights" manner of R. L. Stevenson, to those curious researches in the byways of London which I have described already, and also, I hope, to a certain originality of experiment in the tale of terror.

Anthologization

Two of the stories in The Three Impostors, "The Novel of the Black Seal" and "The Novel of the White Powder", have often been anthologized as individual stories.^[4] "The Novel of the White Powder" was first anthologized in More Ghosts and Marvels: A Selection of Uncanny Tales from Walter Scott to Michael Arlen (1927), edited by V. H. Collins.^[4] "The Novel of the Black Seal" was first anthologized in Great Short Stories of Detection, Mystery and Horror (1928), edited by Dorothy L. Sayers.^[4]

Influence

The short story "No-Man's Land" (1899) by John Buchan has a similar plot to "The Novel of the Black Seal". In both stories a traveller in a remote area encounters a malevolent race of "little people". Buchan was familiar with Machen's writings, suggesting that Machen's story may have been an influence on Buchan's.^[5]

At least two of the novel's tales, "The Novel of the Black Seal" and "The Novel of the White Powder", influenced the work of H. P. Lovecraft. In his survey Supernatural Horror in Literature, Lovecraft suggested that these stories "perhaps represent the highwater mark of Machen's skill as a terror-weaver".^[6]

"The Novel of the Black Seal" was a model for some of Lovecraft's best-known stories: "The Call of Cthulhu",^[7] "The Dunwich Horror",^[8] and "The Whisperer in Darkness".^[9] The story also bears strong resemblance to Lovecraft's story "The Lurking Fear", which tells of a deformed humanoid race living in a rural region of the Catskill Mountains. "The Novel of the White Powder", which Lovecraft said "approaches the absolute culmination of loathsome fright",^[10] is pointed to as an inspiration for Lovecraft's stories of bodily disintegration, such as "Cool Air" and "The Colour Out of Space".

Two of Robert E. Howard's stories, Worms of the Earth (1932) and The Little People (1970) were also influenced by "The Novel of the Black Seal".^[5]

The story "R_x… Death!" in issue 20 of Tales from the Crypt is an adaptation of "The Novel of the White Powder", except the poisonous "medicine" contains digestive enzymes rather than a witch's brew.

References

^ Review of The Three Imposters, The Bookman, February 1896. Reprinted in Jason Colavito, A Hideous Bit of Morbidity: An Anthology of Horror Criticism from the Enlightenment to World War I (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008), pp. 227–28. ISBN 978-0-7864-3968-3
^ "John Lane and Arthur Machen: A Correspondence". Faunus: The Journal of the Friends of Arthur Machen. 16. Summer 2007.
^ "Machen's Labrynth: The Master of the Macabre 60 Years On". Rare Book Review. 35 (376). Countrywide Editions: 13. February 2008. ISSN 1746-7101. OCLC 229510102 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ashley, Mike; Contento, William G. The Supernatural Index: A Listing of Fantasy, Supernatural, Occult, Weird, and Horror Anthologies. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1995. pp. 379–380. ISBN 9780313240300
^ ^a ^b Machin, James. "The Novel of the Black Seal" in Cardin, Matt, Horror Literature through History: An Encyclopedia of the Stories that Speak to Our Deepest Fears Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, ISBN 978-1-4408-4756-1 (pg. 641-643)
^ Lovecraft, p. 92
^ Joshi, S. T.; Schultz, David E. "The Call of Cthulhu". An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. pp. 28–29.
^ Price, Robert M. (1995). The Dunwich Cycle: Where the Old Gods Wait. The Cthulhu Cycle. Chaosium. pp. ix–x. OCLC 35563193.
^ Price, Robert M. (2006) [1993]. "Introduction". The Hastur Cycle. The Cthulhu Cycle (2nd ed.). Chaosium. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN 978-1-56882-192-4. OCLC 757756665.
^ Lovecraft, p. 93.

Sources

Bleiler, Everett (1948). The Checklist of Fantastic Literature. Chicago: Shasta Publishers. p. 188.
Lovecraft, H. P. (1973) [1945]. Supernatural Horror in Literature. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-20105-8.
Machen, Arthur (2007). The Three Impostors. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-46052-9.

External links

The Three Impostors at Standard Ebooks
The Three Imposters at Project Gutenberg
The Three Imposters at the Internet Archive
The Three Impostors public domain audiobook at LibriVox
The full text of The Three Impostors at Wikisource

[1] Review of The Three Imposters, The Bookman, February 1896. Reprinted in Jason Colavito, A Hideous Bit of Morbidity: An Anthology of Horror Criticism from the Enlightenment to World War I (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008), pp. 227–28. ISBN 978-0-7864-3968-3

[2] "John Lane and Arthur Machen: A Correspondence". Faunus: The Journal of the Friends of Arthur Machen. 16. Summer 2007.

[3] "Machen's Labrynth: The Master of the Macabre 60 Years On". Rare Book Review. 35 (376). Countrywide Editions: 13. February 2008. ISSN 1746-7101. OCLC 229510102 – via Google Books.

[anthology-4] Ashley, Mike; Contento, William G. The Supernatural Index: A Listing of Fantasy, Supernatural, Occult, Weird, and Horror Anthologies. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1995. pp. 379–380. ISBN 9780313240300

[jm-5] Machin, James. "The Novel of the Black Seal" in Cardin, Matt, Horror Literature through History: An Encyclopedia of the Stories that Speak to Our Deepest Fears Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, ISBN 978-1-4408-4756-1 (pg. 641-643)

[6] Lovecraft, p. 92

[7] Joshi, S. T.; Schultz, David E. "The Call of Cthulhu". An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. pp. 28–29.

[8] Price, Robert M. (1995). The Dunwich Cycle: Where the Old Gods Wait. The Cthulhu Cycle. Chaosium. pp. ix–x. OCLC 35563193.

[9] Price, Robert M. (2006) [1993]. "Introduction". The Hastur Cycle. The Cthulhu Cycle (2nd ed.). Chaosium. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN 978-1-56882-192-4. OCLC 757756665.

[10] Lovecraft, p. 93.

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