Timeline of Białystok

This is a sub-article to History of Białystok

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.

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• 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.^[1]
• 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
• 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
• 1697 - Branicki Palace built.^[2]
• 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok^[3]
• 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded^[4]
• 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits^[5]
• 1753 - Center of the city burns down
• 1756 - Jan Klemens Branicki, owner of Białystok, divorces his third wife
• 1763–1768 – Municipal hospital founded by Jan Klemens Branicki.^[6]
• 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok (1769) [pl], part of the War of the Bar Confederation
• 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska^[3]
• 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
• 1776 – Polish 5th Regiment of Fusiliers of Crown Artillery stationed in Białystok.^[7]
• 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
• 1795 – City annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland and made the administrative seat of the Białystok Department^[1]
• 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka

• 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school^[3]
• 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;^[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
• 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
• 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
• 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
• 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
• 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
• 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
• 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
• 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
• 1842 - City becomes administratively part of the Grodno Governorate.
• 1845 - Woollen mill built.^[1]
• 1857 - Population: 13,787.^[1]
• 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
• 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
• 1861
  • 16 March: Prayers were held by local Poles and Jews in memory of Polish protesters massacred by the Russians in Warsaw a few weeks earlier.^[8]
  • 3 May: The Russians arrested several Polish students during the celebration of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.^[9]
  • 9 June: Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, representative of the Whites, arrives in the city
• 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
• 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the Polish January Uprising in the Białystok area
• 15 February 1864 - Battle of the January Uprising was fought near Białystok.^[10]
• 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
• 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
• 1889 - Population: 56,629.^[1]
• 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
• 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
• 1897 - Population: 63,927.^[11]
• 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department

• 1901 - Population: 65,781.^[1]
• 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
• 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews by the Russians.^[12]
• 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
• 1912
  • Tsarist prison built.^[13]
  • Population: 98,170.^[14]
• 1913
  • City's first Polish scout troop founded.^[15]
  • Great Synagogue built.
• 1915
  • City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
  • 29 November: Polish Real Gymnasium founded.^[15]
• 1918
  • 11–13 November: Poles disarmed the Germans following the restoration of Polish independence.^[16]
  • 14 November: City re-occupied by Germany.^[16]
• 1919
  • Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
  • Białostoczek becomes part of city.^{[citation needed]}
• 1920
  • 22 September: Battle of Białystok - Polish victory over the invading Russian forces.
  • Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.

• 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.^[17]
• 1928 - Polmos Białystok founded.
• 1934 - Seweryn Nowakowski, considered one of the greatest mayors of Białystok, becomes mayor.^[18]
• 1937
  • Podlaska Cavalry Brigade of the Polish Army formed and stationed in Białystok.
  • Population: 100,101.^[17]
• 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.

• 1939
  • September: German occupation after the invasion of Poland, which started World War II
  • 20–21 September: The German Einsatzgruppe IV entered the city to commit crimes against the population.^[19]
  • 22 September: City handed over by the Germans to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Soviet occupation begins.
  • October: Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski arrested by the NKVD and probably deported to the USSR; his fate remains unknown.^[18]
  • November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;^[2] and capital of the Belastok Region.
• 1940 - 17 July: Ryszard Kaczorowski, member of the local Polish resistance movement and future President of Poland in exile, arrested by the NKVD.^[20]
• 1940–1941 - Mass deportations of some 20,000 Polish citizens by the Russians from the Białystok Fabryczny railway station to the USSR, incl. Siberia (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).^[21]
• 1941
  • 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins. On that day, approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of Białystok's Jews were massacred by the Ordnungspolizei.
  • City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
  • July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.^[12]
  • Autumn: Oflag 57 prisoner-of-war camp moved from Ostrołęka to Białystok.^[22]
• 1942
  • 25 May: Oflag 57 POW camp dissolved.^[22]
  • July: Stalag 316 POW camp moved from Wołkowysk to Białystok.^[23]
  • 2 November: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jewish men.^[24]
• 1943
  • February: The German Sicherheitspolizei begins deporations of Poles including teenage boys from the local Nazi prison to the Stutthof concentration camp.^[25]
  • 20 February: Stalag 316 POW camp dissolved.^[26]
  • 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.^[2]
  • 21 August: Transport of Białystok children. Jewish children deported by the occupiers from Białystok to Theresienstadt concentration camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.

• 1944
  • July: occupied by the Soviets
  • mass arrests of Polish resistance members by the Soviets, around 1,200 Poles placed in the local prison by 7 November.^[27]
  • September: the city returned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
  • 8 November: deportation of 1,030 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.^[27]
  • 12 November: deportation of 1,014 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.^[28]
  • 24 November: deportation of 900 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.^[28]
  • 27 December: deportation of 790 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Novomoskovsk (then Stalinogorsk).^[28]
• 1945 - 30 January: deportation of 1,242 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Skopin.^[28]

• 1946 - Population: 56,759.^[17]
• 1948 - Hetman Białystok football club formed.
• 1949 - Podlaskie Museum [pl] founded.
• 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
• 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.^[29]
• 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.^[30]
• 1956 - Manifestation of support for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Mass raising of funds, food, medical supplies and blood donation for Hungarian insurgents (see also Hungary–Poland relations).^[31]
• 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok [pl] established.
• 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.

• 1974
  • Białystok University of Technology active.
  • Population: 187,100.^[32]
• 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
• 1990
  • Białystok History Museum [pl] founded.
  • Lech Rutkowski [pl] becomes mayor.
  • Piłsudski monument, Białystok [pl] installed at Kościuszko Square.
• 1991 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok established.^[33]
• 1992 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok elevated to Archdiocese.
• 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).^[29]
• 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

• 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
• 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
• 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
• 2009
  • Zamenhof Centre opens.
  • World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
• 2011 - 4 March: Honorary Consulate of Croatia opened (see Croatia–Poland relations).^[34]
• 2012 - Population: 294,900.^[35]
• 2013 - 10 July: Honorary Consulate of Finland opened (see Finland–Poland relations).^[36]
• 2015 - December: Honorary Consulate of Luxembourg opened (see Luxembourg–Poland relations).
• 2018
  • 1 March: Danuta Siedzikówna monument unveiled.^[37]
  • 11 April: Monument to the victims of Soviet deportations of Poles during World War II unveiled at the Białystok Fabryczny railway station.^[21]
• 2020 - Monument to Polish mothers deported to Siberia unveiled.^[38]
• 2021 - 19 September: Khachkar commemorating the victims of the Armenian genocide and Armenian soldiers fallen in the battle for Artsakh unveiled.^[39]
• 2022
  • 29 May: Monument to soldiers of the pre-war Polish 42nd Infantry Regiment-footballers of Jagiellonia Białystok unveiled in front of the municipal stadium.^[40]
  • 23 June: Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan opened (see Kazakhstan–Poland relations).^[41]
  • 29 June: Honorary Consulate of Serbia opened (see Poland–Serbia relations).^[42]
• 2023
  • 24 May: Polish–Uzbekistani Historical Commission founded (see Poland–Uzbekistan relations).^[43]
  • 23 November: Honorary Consulate of Latvia opened (see Latvia–Poland relations).^[44]
• 2024 - 25 May: Jagiellonia Białystok won its first Polish football championship.

• History of Białystok
• Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Białystok.

• Map of Bialystok, 1967 (via Digital Public Library of America)