Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election
The following is a timeline of major events leading up to, during, and after the 2016 United States presidential election . The election was the 58th quadrennial United States presidential election , held on November 8, 2016. The presidential primaries and caucuses were held between February 1 and June 14, 2016, staggered among the 50 states, Washington, D.C. , and U.S. territories. The U.S. Congress certified the electoral result on January 6, 2017, and the new president and vice president were inaugurated on January 20, 2017.
August 3 – First presidential forum, featuring 14 Republican candidates, was broadcast on C-SPAN from the New Hampshire Institute of Politics in Goffstown, New Hampshire [ 37]
August 4 – Fox News announced which 10 candidates were invited to the first official Republican debate [ 38]
August 6 – First official presidential debate, featuring 10 Republican candidates, is held in Cleveland, Ohio [ 38] Fox News includes the other seven Republican candidates in a separate debate held earlier on the same day
August 11 – Lawrence Lessig forms an exploratory committee for a possible run for president, stating that if he raised $1 million by Labor Day he would run [ 39]
August 16 – Andy Martin formally announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
August 22 – Jimmy McMillan formally announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
September 6 – Lawrence Lessig , Harvard University law professor, formally announces his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination[ 40]
September 8 – John McAfee , antivirus software developer, formally announces his candidacy for president under the banner of the newly formed Cyber Party[ 41]
September 11 – Rick Perry formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 42]
September 16 – Second Republican debate is held in Simi Valley, California [ 43]
September 21 – Scott Walker formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 44]
September 30 – South Carolina finalizes ballot for primary; 15 Republican candidates qualify[ 45]
October 13 – First Democratic debate is held in Las Vegas, Nevada at the Wynn Casino [ 46]
October 16 – Lawrence Lessig announces he is dropping his much-derided promise to resign after passing his signature legislation. He stated he would to serve a full term as president and would flesh out his policy agenda accordingly[ 47]
October 20 – Jim Webb formally withdraws his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination[ 48]
October 21 – Vice President Joe Biden announces that he will not run for president in 2016[ 49]
October 23 – Lincoln Chafee formally withdraws his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination[ 50]
October 28 – Third Republican debate is held in Boulder, Colorado at the University of Colorado [ 51]
December 3 – The Republican Jewish Coalition Presidential Candidates Forum is held in Washington, D.C. [ 64]
December 9 – Jimmy McMillan formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 65]
December 15 – Fifth Republican debate is held in Las Vegas, Nevada[ 51]
December 19 – Third Democratic debate is held in Manchester, New Hampshire [ 51]
December 21 – Lindsey Graham formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 66]
December 24 – John McAfee , antivirus software developer, formally announces his candidacy for the Libertarian presidential nomination[ 67]
December 29 – George Pataki formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 68]
March 1 – Super Tuesday
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Republican primaries/caucuses:
March 3 – Eleventh Republican debate is held in Detroit, Michigan [ 100]
March 4 – Ben Carson formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 101]
March 5
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Republican primaries/caucuses:
March 6
March 8
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Republican primaries/caucuses:
March 9 – Eighth and final Democratic debate is held in Miami, Florida [ 106]
March 10
March 12
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Republican primaries/caucuses:
March 15
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Republican primaries/caucuses:
Marco Rubio formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 116]
March 21
March 22
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Republican primaries/caucuses:
March 26
March 29 – Republican town hall[ 121]
April 1 – First ever nationally televised Libertarian presidential debate hosted by John Stossel airs on Fox Business Network (Part 1)[ 122]
April 2 – Delegate count at the North Dakota Republican State Convention is won by Ted Cruz[ 123]
April 5
Wisconsin Democratic primary won by Bernie Sanders[ 124]
Wisconsin Republican primary won by Ted Cruz[ 124]
April 8 – Part 2 of first ever nationally televised Libertarian presidential debate hosted by John Stossel airs on Fox Business Network
April 9 – Delegate count of the Colorado Republican convention is won by Ted Cruz[ 125]
April 9 – Wyoming Democratic caucus won by Bernie Sanders[ 126]
April 14 – Ninth Democratic debate is held in Brooklyn, New York [ 127]
April 19
New York Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 128]
New York Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 128]
April 26
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
Connecticut Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 129]
Delaware Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 130]
Maryland Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 131]
Pennsylvania Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 132]
Rhode Island Democratic primary won by Bernie Sanders[ 133]
Republican primaries/caucuses:
Connecticut Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 129]
Delaware Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 130]
Maryland Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 131]
Pennsylvania Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 132]
Rhode Island Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 133]
May 3
Indiana Democratic primary won by Bernie Sanders[ 134]
Indiana Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 134]
Ted Cruz formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 135]
May 4 – John Kasich formally withdraws his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination[ 136]
May 7 – Guam Democratic caucuses won by Hillary Clinton[ 137]
May 10
Democratic primaries/caucuses:
West Virginia Democratic primary won by Bernie Sanders[ 138]
Republican primaries/caucuses:
May 12 – Second nationally televised Libertarian presidential debate airs on RT America .[ 139]
May 17
May 20 – Third nationally televised Libertarian presidential debate airs on TheBlaze .[ 141]
May 24 – Washington Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 142]
May 26–30 – The Libertarian National Convention is held in Orlando , Florida . Gary Johnson is chosen as the party's presidential nominee and William Weld is chosen as the party's vice presidential nominee
May 26 – Donald Trump officially passes 1,237 pledged delegates, the minimum amount of delegates required to secure the 2016 Republican presidential nomination[ 143]
June 4 – Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses won by Hillary Clinton[ 144]
June 5 – Puerto Rico Democratic caucuses won by Hillary Clinton
June 6 – Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton officially passes 2,383 pledged delegates, the minimum amount of delegates required to secure the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[ 145]
June 7
Democratic primaries/caucuses
California Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 146]
Montana Democratic primary won by Bernie Sanders[ 146]
New Jersey Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 146]
New Mexico Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 146]
North Dakota Democratic caucus won by Bernie Sanders[ 146]
South Dakota Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 146]
Republican primaries/caucuses
California Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 146]
Montana Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 146]
New Jersey Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 146]
New Mexico Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 146]
South Dakota Republican primary won by Donald Trump[ 146]
June 9
June 14 – Washington, D.C. Democratic primary won by Hillary Clinton[ 148]
June 15 – Jill Stein reaches the necessary number of delegates for the Green nomination and becomes presumptive nominee
June 22 – Libertarian presidential town hall hosted and aired by CNN[ 149]
September 7 – Arrest warrants are issued for Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein and running mate Ajamu Baraka for trespass and vandalism during a North Dakota protest.[ 161]
September 26 – First presidential general election debate between the two major candidates was held at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York . (The first debate was originally going to be held at Wright State University , but the location was changed due to rising security costs that were being incurred by the school.)[ 162] [ 163] Hillary Clinton ends up taking the majority support after the debate.[ 164]
November 6 – James Comey tells Congress there is no evidence in the recently discovered emails that Clinton should face charges over handling of classified information[ 175]
November 8 – US Election Day .[ 176]
A shooting at a residential area near a polling place in Azusa, California , leaves one dead and three injured and some polling places in the city locked down.[ 177]
Pre-6 p.m [ 178]
6 a.m. to 12 p.m: Polls open throughout the country, with the last being Hawaii , which opens up 12 p.m. EST (7 a.m. AHST).[ 181]
11 a.m: Donald Trump votes in New York City .[ 183]
6 p.m
7 p.m
7:30 p.m
8 p.m
The latest time to close the polls in New Hampshire.[ 191]
The Eastern Time zone of Michigan close their polls.[ 195]
The Central Time zone of Florida, Texas , Kansas , South Dakota , and North Dakota close their polls.[ 186] [ 196] [ 197] [ 198] [ 199]
Oklahoma , Missouri , Illinois , Tennessee , Mississippi , Alabama , Pennsylvania , Maryland , District of Columbia , Delaware , New Jersey , Connecticut , Rhode Island , Massachusetts , and Maine close their polls.[ 200] [ 201] [ 202] [ 203] [ 204] [ 205] [ 206] [ 207] [ 208] [ 209] [ 210] [ 211] [ 212] [ 213] [ 214]
8:30 p.m
9 p.m
The Central Time zone of Michigan close their polls.[ 195]
The Mountain Time zones of Texas, Kansas, South Dakota, and North Dakota close their polls.[ 196] [ 197] [ 198] [ 199]
Arizona , Colorado , Louisiana , Minnesota , Nebraska , New Mexico , New York , Wisconsin , and Wyoming close their polls.[ 216] [ 217] [ 218] [ 219] [ 220] [ 221] [ 222] [ 223] [ 224]
10 p.m
11 p.m
November 9
12 a.m
2:45 a.m. Eastern time
Donald Trump is the projected winner of the election, becoming president-elect.
Morningtime
November 23 – Jill Stein starts fundraising for a recount effort in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.[ 235]
December 19 – The electors of the Electoral College meet in their respective capitals and formally cast their ballots. Trump receives 304 electoral votes, Clinton receives 227. Seven faithless electors cast their votes for other candidates.[ 236]
Election results by state [ edit ]
Legend
States won by Clinton /Kaine
States won by Trump /Pence
EV
Electoral votes
†
At-large results (for states that split electoral votes)
Hillary Clinton Democratic
Donald Trump Republican
Gary Johnson Libertarian
Jill Stein Green
Evan McMullin Independent
Others
Margin
Total votes
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Ala.
729,547
34.36%
–
1,318,255
62.08%
9
44,467
2.09%
–
9,391
0.44%
–
–
–
–
21,712
1.02%
–
588,708
27.73%
2,123,372
[ 238]
Alaska
116,454
36.55%
–
163,387
51.28%
3
18,725
5.88%
–
5,735
1.80%
–
–
–
–
14,307
4.49%
–
46,933
14.73%
318,608
[ 239]
Ariz.
1,161,167
45.13%
–
1,252,401
48.67%
11
106,327
4.13%
–
34,345
1.33%
–
17,449
0.68%
–
1,476
0.06%
–
91,234
3.55%
2,573,165
[ 240]
Ark.
380,494
33.65%
–
684,872
60.57%
6
29,829
2.64%
–
9,473
0.84%
–
13,255
1.17%
–
12,712
1.12%
–
304,378
26.92%
1,130,635
[ 241]
Calif.
8,753,788
61.73%
55
4,483,810
31.62%
–
478,500
3.37%
–
278,657
1.96%
–
39,596
0.28%
–
147,244
1.04%
–
−4,269,978
−30.11%
14,181,595
[ 242]
Colo.
1,338,870
48.16%
9
1,202,484
43.25%
–
144,121
5.18%
–
38,437
1.38%
–
28,917
1.04%
–
27,418
0.99%
–
−136,386
−4.91%
2,780,247
[ 243]
Conn.
897,572
54.57%
7
673,215
40.93%
–
48,676
2.96%
–
22,841
1.39%
–
2,108
0.13%
–
508
0.03%
–
−224,357
−13.64%
1,644,920
[ 244]
Del.
235,603
53.09%
3
185,127
41.72%
–
14,757
3.32%
–
6,103
1.37%
–
706
0.16%
–
1,518
0.34%
–
−50,476
−11.37%
443,814
[ 245] [ 246]
D.C.
282,830
90.48%
3
12,723
4.07%
–
4,906
1.57%
–
4,258
1.36%
–
–
–
–
6,551
2.52%
–
−270,107
−86.78%
311,268
[ 247]
Fla.
4,504,975
47.82%
–
4,617,886
49.02%
29
207,043
2.20%
–
64,399
0.68%
–
–
–
–
25,736
0.28%
–
112,911
1.20%
9,420,039
[ 248]
Ga.
1,877,963
45.64%
–
2,089,104
50.77%
16
125,306
3.05%
–
7,674
0.19%
–
13,017
0.32%
–
1,668
0.04%
–
211,141
5.13%
4,114,732
[ 249] [ 250]
Hawaii
266,891
62.22%
3
128,847
30.03%
–
15,954
3.72%
–
12,737
2.97%
–
–
–
–
4,508
1.05%
1
−138,044
−32.18%
428,937
[ 251]
Idaho
189,765
27.49%
–
409,055
59.26%
4
28,331
4.10%
–
8,496
1.23%
–
46,476
6.73%
–
8,132
1.18%
–
219,290
31.77%
690,255
[ 252]
Ill.
3,090,729
55.83%
20
2,146,015
38.76%
–
209,596
3.79%
–
76,802
1.39%
–
11,655
0.21%
–
1,627
0.03%
–
−944,714
−17.06%
5,536,424
[ 253]
Ind.
1,033,126
37.91%
–
1,557,286
56.82%
11
133,993
4.89%
–
7,841
0.27%
–
–
–
–
2,712
0.10%
–
524,160
19.17%
2,734,958
[ 254]
Iowa
653,669
41.74%
–
800,983
51.15%
6
59,186
3.78%
–
11,479
0.73%
–
12,366
0.79%
–
28,348
1.81%
–
147,314
9.41%
1,566,031
[ 255]
Kan.
427,005
36.05%
–
671,018
56.65%
6
55,406
4.68%
–
23,506
1.98%
–
6,520
0.55%
–
947
0.08%
–
244,013
20.60%
1,184,402
[ 256]
Ky.
628,854
32.68%
–
1,202,971
62.52%
8
53,752
2.79%
–
13,913
0.72%
–
22,780
1.18%
–
1,879
0.10%
–
574,177
29.84%
1,924,149
[ 257]
La.
780,154
38.45%
–
1,178,638
58.09%
8
37,978
1.87%
–
14,031
0.69%
–
8,547
0.42%
–
9,684
0.48%
–
398,484
19.64%
2,029,032
[ 258]
Maine †
357,735
47.83%
2
335,593
44.87%
–
38,105
5.09%
–
14,251
1.91%
–
1,887
0.25%
–
356
0.05%
–
−22,142
−2.96%
747,927
[ 259] [ 260]
ME-1 Tooltip Maine's 1st congressional district
212,774
53.96%
1
154,384
39.15%
–
18,592
4.71%
–
7,563
1.92%
–
807
0.20%
–
209
0.05%
–
−58,390
−14.81%
394,329
ME-2 Tooltip Maine's 2nd congressional district
144,817
40.98%
–
181,177
51.26%
1
19,510
5.52%
–
6,685
1.89%
–
1,080
0.31%
–
147
0.04%
–
36,360
10.29%
353,416
Md.
1,677,928
60.33%
10
943,169
33.91%
–
79,605
2.86%
–
35,945
1.29%
–
9,630
0.35%
–
35,169
1.26%
–
−734,759
−26.42%
2,781,446
[ 261]
Mass.
1,995,196
60.01%
11
1,090,893
32.81%
–
138,018
4.15%
–
47,661
1.43%
–
2,719
0.08%
–
50,559
1.52%
–
−904,303
−27.20%
3,325,046
[ 262]
Mich.
2,268,839
47.27%
–
2,279,543
47.50%
16
172,136
3.59%
–
51,463
1.07%
–
8,177
0.17%
–
19,126
0.40%
–
10,704
0.23%
4,799,284
[ 263]
Minn.
1,367,716
46.44%
10
1,322,951
44.92%
–
112,972
3.84%
–
36,985
1.26%
–
53,076
1.80%
–
51,113
1.74%
–
−44,765
−1.52%
2,944,813
[ 264]
Miss.
485,131
40.11%
–
700,714
57.94%
6
14,435
1.19%
–
3,731
0.31%
–
–
–
–
5,346
0.44%
–
215,583
17.83%
1,209,357
[ 265]
Mo.
1,071,068
38.14%
–
1,594,511
56.77%
10
97,359
3.47%
–
25,419
0.91%
–
7,071
0.25%
–
13,177
0.47%
–
523,443
18.64%
2,808,605
[ 266]
Mont.
177,709
35.75%
–
279,240
56.17%
3
28,037
5.64%
–
7,970
1.60%
–
2,297
0.46%
–
1,894
0.38%
–
101,531
20.42%
497,147
[ 267] [ 268]
Nebr. †
284,494
33.70%
–
495,961
58.75%
2
38,946
4.61%
–
8,775
1.04%
–
–
–
–
16,051
1.90%
–
211,467
25.05%
844,227
[ 269]
NE-1 Tooltip Nebraska's 1st congressional district
100,126
35.46%
–
158,626
56.18%
1
14,031
4.97%
–
3,374
1.19%
–
–
–
–
6,181
2.19%
–
58,500
20.72%
282,338
NE-2 Tooltip Nebraska's 2nd congressional district
131,030
44.92%
–
137,564
47.16%
1
13,245
4.54%
–
3,347
1.15%
–
–
–
–
6,494
2.23%
–
6,534
2.24%
291,680
NE-3 Tooltip Nebraska's 3rd congressional district
53,290
19.73%
–
199,657
73.92%
1
11,657
4.32%
–
2,054
0.76%
–
–
–
–
3,451
1.28%
–
146,367
54.19%
270,109
Nev.
539,260
47.50%
6
512,058
45.98%
–
37,384
3.29%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
36,683
3.23%
–
−27,202
−2.42%
1,125,385
[ 270]
N.H.
348,526
46.98%
4
345,790
46.61%
–
30,777
4.15%
–
6,496
0.88%
–
1,064
0.14%
–
11,643
1.24%
–
−2,736
−0.37%
744,296
[ 271]
N.J.
2,148,278
55.45%
14
1,601,933
41.35%
–
72,477
1.87%
–
37,772
0.98%
–
–
–
–
13,586
0.35%
–
−546,345
−14.10%
3,874,046
[ 272]
N.M.
385,234
48.26%
5
319,667
40.04%
–
74,541
9.34%
–
9,879
1.24%
–
5,825
0.73%
–
3,173
0.40%
–
−65,567
−8.21%
798,319
[ 273]
N.Y.
4,556,124
59.01%
29
2,819,534
36.52%
–
176,598
2.29%
–
107,934
1.40%
–
10,373
0.13%
–
50,890
0.66%
–
−1,736,590
−22.49%
7,721,453
[ 274]
N.C.
2,189,316
46.17%
–
2,362,631
49.83%
15
130,126
2.74%
–
12,105
0.26%
–
–
–
–
47,386
1.00%
–
173,315
3.66%
4,741,564
[ 275]
N.D.
93,758
27.23%
–
216,794
62.96%
3
21,434
6.22%
–
3,780
1.10%
–
–
–
–
8,594
2.49%
–
123,036
35.73%
344,360
[ 276]
Ohio
2,394,164
43.56%
–
2,841,005
51.69%
18
174,498
3.17%
–
46,271
0.84%
–
12,574
0.23%
–
27,975
0.51%
–
446,841
8.13%
5,496,487
[ 277]
Okla.
420,375
28.93%
–
949,136
65.32%
7
83,481
5.75%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
528,761
37.08%
1,452,992
[ 278]
Ore.
1,002,106
50.07%
7
782,403
39.09%
–
94,231
4.71%
–
50,002
2.50%
–
–
–
–
72,594
3.63%
–
−219,703
−10.98%
2,001,336
[ 279]
Pa.
2,926,441
47.46%
–
2,970,733
48.18%
20
146,715
2.38%
–
49,941
0.81%
–
6,472
0.11%
–
65,176
1.06%
–
44,292
0.72%
6,165,478
[ 280]
R.I.
252,525
54.41%
4
180,543
38.90%
–
14,746
3.18%
–
6,220
1.34%
–
516
0.11%
–
9,594
2.07%
–
−71,982
−15.51%
464,144
[ 281]
S.C.
855,373
40.67%
–
1,155,389
54.94%
9
49,204
2.34%
–
13,034
0.62%
–
21,016
1.00%
–
9,011
0.43%
–
300,016
14.27%
2,103,027
[ 282]
S.D.
117,458
31.74%
–
227,721
61.53%
3
20,850
5.63%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4,064
1.10%
–
110,263
29.79%
370,093
[ 283]
Tenn.
870,695
34.72%
–
1,522,925
60.72%
11
70,397
2.81%
–
15,993
0.64%
–
11,991
0.48%
–
16,026
0.64%
–
652,230
26.01%
2,508,027
[ 284]
Texas
3,877,868
43.24%
–
4,685,047
52.23%
36
283,492
3.16%
–
71,558
0.80%
–
42,366
0.47%
–
8,895
0.10%
2
807,179
8.99%
8,969,226
[ 285]
Utah
310,676
27.46%
–
515,231
45.54%
6
39,608
3.50%
–
9,438
0.83%
–
243,690
21.54%
–
12,787
1.13%
–
204,555
18.08%
1,131,430
[ 286]
Vt.
178,573
56.68%
3
95,369
30.27%
–
10,078
3.20%
–
6,758
2.14%
–
639
0.20%
–
23,650
7.51%
–
−83,204
−26.41%
315,067
[ 287]
Va.
1,981,473
49.73%
13
1,769,443
44.41%
–
118,274
2.97%
–
27,638
0.69%
–
54,054
1.36%
–
33,749
0.85%
–
−212,030
−5.32%
3,984,631
[ 288]
Wash.
1,742,718
52.54%
8
1,221,747
36.83%
–
160,879
4.85%
–
58,417
1.76%
–
–
–
–
133,258
4.02%
4
−520,971
−15.71%
3,317,019
[ 289]
W.Va.
188,794
26.43%
–
489,371
68.50%
5
23,004
3.22%
–
8,075
1.13%
–
1,104
0.15%
–
4,075
0.57%
–
300,577
42.07%
714,423
[ 290]
Wis.
1,382,536
46.45%
–
1,405,284
47.22%
10
106,674
3.58%
–
31,072
1.04%
–
11,855
0.40%
–
38,729
1.30%
–
22,748
0.77%
2,976,150
[ 291]
Wyo.
55,973
21.63%
–
174,419
67.40%
3
13,287
5.13%
–
2,515
0.97%
–
–
–
–
9,655
3.73%
–
118,446
46.30%
255,849
[ 292]
Total
65,853,514
48.18%
227
62,984,828
46.09%
304
4,489,341
3.28%
–
1,457,218
1.07%
–
731,991
0.54%
–
1,154,084
0.84%
7
−2,868,686
−2.10%
136,669,276
Hillary Clinton Democratic
Donald Trump Republican
Gary Johnson Libertarian
Jill Stein Green
Evan McMullin Independent
Others
Margin
Total votes
★ Two states (Maine and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes.[ 293] [ 294]
Results are from the Associated Press.[ 295]
Election campaign 2016 candidate participation timeline [ edit ]
Candidate announcement and, if applicable, withdrawal dates are as follows:
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^ "A Note from Jeb Bush" . Facebook.com. Retrieved October 24, 2015 .
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^ Dinan, Stephen (March 5, 2015). "Mark Everson, former Reagan & Bush aide, launches GOP White House bid on pro-amnesty platform" . The Washington Times . Retrieved July 11, 2015 .
^ Diamond, Jeremy (March 18, 2015). "Donald Trump launches presidential exploratory committee" . CNN .com. Retrieved November 7, 2015 .
^ Mascaro, Lisa & Lauter, David (March 22, 2015). "Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Killough, Ashley (April 7, 2015). "Rand Paul: 'I am running for president' " . CNN. Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
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^ Miller, Jake (April 9, 2015). "Eyeing a 2016 bid, Rick Santorum forms "testing the waters" account" . CBS News . Retrieved November 10, 2015 .
^ Karni, Annie (July 7, 2015). "Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run" . Politico . Retrieved April 18, 2015 .
^ Parker, Ashley (April 13, 2015). "Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Rappeport, Alan (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders Announces He Is Running for President" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Gass, Nick (May 4, 2015). "Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president' " . Politico . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Rafferty, Andrew (May 4, 2015). "Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run" . NBCNews.com . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Trip, Gabriel (May 5, 2015). "Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race" . New York Times . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Jackson, David (May 27, 2015). "Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign" . USA Today . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Fahrenthold, David A. (May 28, 2015). "George Pataki announces presidential campaign" . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Jackson, David & Cooper, Allen (May 30, 2015). "Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race" . USA Today . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Eun Kyung Kim (March 31, 2015). "Elizabeth Warren on 2016: 'I'm not going to run' – and Hillary Clinton deserves 'a chance to decide' " . TODAY.com. Retrieved October 24, 2015 .
^ Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) "Graham bets on foreign experience in White House bid announcement" , CNN . Retrieved July 7, 2015
^ DelReal, Jose A. (June 3, 2015). "Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid" . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Beckwith, Ryan Teague; Rhodan, Maya (June 4, 2015). "Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid" . Time . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Rafferty, Andrew (June 15, 2015). "Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official" . NBC News . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ DelReal, Jose (June 16, 2015). "Donald Trump announces presidential bid" . Washington Post . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ "Exclusive: Green Party's Jill Stein Announces She Is Running for President on Democracy Now!" . democracynow.org . June 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Fahrenthold, David A.; Hohmann, James (June 24, 2015). "Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race" . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Barbaro, Michael (June 30, 2015). "Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging 'Truth' About Nation's Woes" . New York Times . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Catanese, David (July 2, 2015). "Jim Webb Announces For President" . U.S. News & World Report . Retrieved July 7, 2015 .
^ Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom (July 13, 2015). "Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race" . CNN.com. Retrieved July 13, 2015 .
^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (July 21, 2015). "John Kasich Enters Crowded 2016 Race Facing Job of Catch-Up" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 23, 2015 .
^ Allen, Cooper (July 30, 2015). "Jim Gilmore formally joins GOP presidential race" . USA Today . Retrieved July 30, 2015 .
^ "GOP Hopefuls Meet for Presidential Forum in N.H." NECN .com . Associated Press. August 4, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015 .
^ a b Haberman, Maggie (August 4, 2015). "John Kasich Is In, Rick Perry Is Out in First Republican Debate" . The New York Times . Retrieved August 4, 2015 .
^ "Why I Want to Run | Lawrence Lessig" . Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved October 24, 2015 .
^ Meyer, Theodoric (September 6, 2015). "Lessig: I'm running for president" . Politico . Retrieved September 8, 2015 .
^ "John McAfee announces he's running for President" . CNN. September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015 .
^ Schleifer, Theodore (September 11, 2015). "Rick Perry drops out of presidential race" . CNN. Retrieved September 13, 2015 .
^ Beckwith, Ryan Teague (September 18, 2015). "Transcript: Read the Full Text of the Second Republican Debate" . Time . Retrieved September 22, 2015 .
^ Holland, Steve; Stephenson, Emily (September 21, 2015). "Republican Walker exits 2016 presidential race" . Reuters . Retrieved September 22, 2015 .
^ "Republican candidates file for president in South Carolina - FOX Carolina 21" . Foxcarolina.com. September 30, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015 .
^ "Full Transcript: Democratic Presidential Debate" . The New York Times . October 14, 2015. Retrieved October 17, 2015 .
^ Lessig, Lawrence (October 17, 2015). "Larry Lessig: I'm All In" . The Atlantic . Retrieved October 17, 2015 .
^ Rappeport, Alan (October 20, 2015). "Jim Webb Withdraws From Race for Democratic Presidential Nomination" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 21, 2015 .
^ Collinson, Stephen (October 21, 2015). "Joe Biden won't run for president" . CNN.com. Retrieved October 21, 2015 .
^ Merica, Dan; LoBianco, Tom (October 23, 2015) "Lincoln Chafee drops out of Democratic primary race" , CNN .com. Retrieved October 23, 2015
^ a b c d Axelson, Ben (August 3, 2015). "2016 presidential primary debates schedule: GOP, Dems vie for party nominations" . Syracuse.com . Associated Press. Retrieved August 6, 2015 .
^ Strauss, Daniel (November 2, 2015). "Lessig drops out of presidential race" . Politico . Retrieved November 5, 2015 .
^ "Election Information: PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY FILING PERIOD" . sos.nh.gov. Retrieved November 5, 2015 .
^ Bump, Philip (November 5, 2015). "The Republican field's 16th candidate is ending his longest-shot campaign" . The Washington Post . Retrieved November 6, 2015 .
^ "PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE BALLOT ACCESS ELECTION 2016: Presidential Preference Primary Ballot Access" (PDF) . Alabamavotes.gov. Retrieved November 5, 2015 .
^ Fouhy, Beth; Seitz-Wald, Alex (November 6, 2015). "At MSNBC forum, Democratic candidates court black voters" . MSNBC .com. Retrieved November 7, 2015 .
^ Wilkey, Michael (June 15, 2015). "2016 Arkansas Election Calendar Released" . Talkbusiness.net. Retrieved November 11, 2015 .
^ "Republican debate transcript: primetime debate on economy" . CBS News . Fox Business Network . November 11, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015 .
^ Leary, Alex; Smith, Adam C. (November 14, 2015). "Republicans' ideological battle on display at Florida's Sunshine Summit" . Tampa Bay Times . Retrieved November 16, 2015 .
^ Beckwith, Ryan Teague (November 14, 2015). "Transcript: Read the Full Text of the Second Democratic Debate" . Time .com. Retrieved November 16, 2015 .
^ Struyk, Ryan (November 17, 2015). "Republican Bobby Jindal Drops Out of Presidential Race" . ABCNews.com . Retrieved November 17, 2015 .
^ "Presidential candidates display faith, fire" . The Des Moines Register . Retrieved December 2, 2015 .
^ "Watch the MoveOn 2016 Presidential Forum" . 2016 Presidential Forum . Retrieved November 26, 2015 .
^ "Republican Jewish Coalition forum: 6 takeaways - CNNPolitics.com" . CNN . Retrieved December 9, 2015 .
^ Burns, Alexander (December 9, 2015). "Jimmy McMillan, Rent Is Too Damn High Candidate, Is Retiring From Politics" . The New York Times . Retrieved December 10, 2015 .
^ Bolduan, Kate (December 21, 2015). "First on CNN: Graham ends his campaign for the White House" . CNN .com. Retrieved December 21, 2015 .
^ Swartz, Jon. "McAfee will run as Libertarian Party candidate for president" . USA TODAY . Retrieved December 25, 2015 .
^ Burns, Alexander (December 29, 2015). "George Pataki Leaves Presidential Race" . The New York Times . Retrieved December 30, 2015 .
^ Schouten, Fredreka (January 6, 2016). "Gary Johnson announces presidential bid" . USA Today . Retrieved January 6, 2016 .
^ "GOP forum will focus on issues, not 'drama' " . Post and Courier . Retrieved January 14, 2016 .
^ "In Kemp Forum on Poverty, a Broader GOP Outreach to Voters" . WSJ Blogs - Washington Wire . January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016 .
^ Gold, Hadas (November 19, 2015). "Fusion to host Democratic presidential forum" . Politico . Retrieved January 11, 2016 .
^ "Transcript: Sixth Republican top-tier debate 2016" . CBSNews.com . January 15, 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2016 .
^ Bradner, Eric (January 26, 2016). "5 takeaways from the Democratic town hall" . CNN .com. Retrieved January 27, 2016 .
^ "7th Republican debate transcript, annotated: Who said what and what it meant" . The Washington Post . January 28, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016 .
^ a b "Results from the 2016 Iowa Caucus" . The Wall Street Journal . February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016 .
^ a b Gorman, Michele (February 2, 2016). "Martin O'Malley, Mike Huckabee Drop Out of Races, Neither Endorse Another Candidate" . Newsweek . Retrieved February 2, 2016 .
^ Caldwell, Leigh Ann (February 3, 2016). "Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul Suspends Republican Presidential Campaign" . NBCNews.com . Retrieved February 3, 2016 .
^ Flores, Reena (February 3, 2016). "Report: Rick Santorum to quit presidential race" . CBSNews.com . Retrieved February 3, 2016 .
^ Metzler, Rebekah (January 31, 2016). "Dem candidates to attend New Hampshire town hall" . CNN . Retrieved January 31, 2016 .
^ "Transcript of the Democratic Presidential Debate" . The New York Times . February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016 .
^ "Transcript: Eighth Republican debate, New Hampshire 2016" . CBSNews.com . February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016 .
^ a b Collinson, Stephen (February 10, 2016). "Outsiders sweep to victory in New Hampshire" . CNN .com. Retrieved February 12, 2016 .
^ Jackson, David (February 10, 2016). "Chris Christie drops out of GOP presidential race" . USAToday.com . Retrieved February 10, 2016 .
^ Allen, Cooper (February 10, 2016). "Carly Fiorina suspends GOP presidential bid" . USAToday.com . Retrieved February 10, 2016 .
^ "Read the Full Text of the Sixth Democratic Debate in Milwaukee" . Time .com . February 11, 2016. Retrieved February 12, 2016 .
^ Allen, Cooper (February 12, 2016). "Jim Gilmore drops out of GOP presidential race" . USA Today .com. Retrieved February 12, 2016 .
^ Beckwith, Ryan Teague (February 15, 2016). "Read the Full Transcript of the Sixth Republican Debate in Charleston" . Time .com. Retrieved February 17, 2016 .
^ Krieg, Gregory (February 13, 2016). "CNN announces back-to-back GOP town halls" . CNN .
^ Berger, Sarah (February 18, 2016). "MSNBC Democratic Town Hall: Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders Discuss Latino Issues, Immigration" . International Business Times . Retrieved February 19, 2016 .
^ Reston, Maeve (February 20, 2016). "Clinton takes Nevada in narrow victory over Sanders" . CNN .com. Retrieved February 20, 2016 .
^ Jackson, David (February 21, 2016). "Donald Trump wins S.C.; Rubio edges Cruz for 2nd; Bush drops out" . USA Today . Retrieved February 22, 2016 .
^ "Jeb Bush drops out of the Republican race for president" . PBS NewsHour . Associated Press . February 20, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016 .
^ Reston, Maeve (February 24, 2016). "Trump scores big win in Nevada" . CNN.com. Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Nevada Democrats plan Hillary, Bernie town hall in Las Vegas" . CNN. February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2016 .
^ Svitek, Patrick (February 24, 2016). "GOP Presidential Race Converges on Houston Ahead of Debate" . The Texas Tribune . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . On the eve of the debate, the GOP candidates got one last chance to make their cases to a national audience thanks to a town hall hosted by Fox News at the Queensbury Theatre in Houston.
^ "Read the Full Transcript of the Tenth Republican Debate in Texas" . Time . February 26, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2016 .
^ Frizell, Sam (February 26, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Easily Wins South Carolina Democratic Primary" . Time . Retrieved March 1, 2016 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Super Tuesday Results" . The New York Times . March 2, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016 .
^ "Transcript of the Republican Presidential Debate in Detroit" . The New York Times . March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016 .
^ Berenson, Tessa (March 4, 2016). "Ben Carson Drops Out of Race, Announces His Next Steps" . Time . Retrieved March 7, 2016 .
^ a b c d e f g "Super Saturday Results: Democrats, Republicans Split States" . CBS Minnesota . Associated Press . March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016 .
^ a b Bradner, Eric (March 7, 2016). "Sanders tops Clinton in Maine caucuses; Rubio wins Puerto Rico primary" . CNN.com. Retrieved March 7, 2016 .
^ "Read the Full Text of the Seventh Democratic Debate in Flint" . Time . March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016 .
^ a b c d e f "March 8 Primary Election Results" . The New York Times . March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2016 .
^ Beckwith, Ryan Teague (March 10, 2016). "Read the Full Text of the Eighth Democratic Debate in Miami" . Time . Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
^ "Transcript of Republican debate in Miami, full text" . CNN.com. March 10, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016 .
^ "Virgin Islands Republican Delegation 2016" . Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
^ "2016 VI CAUCUS RULES (see link "VI Delegate Caucus Rules click here")" . Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
^ "Hillary Clinton wins Northern Mariana Islands caucus" . The Boston Globe . March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016 .
^ Solis, Steph (March 13, 2016). "Rubio wins Republican Washington, D.C. caucuses" . USA Today . Retrieved March 14, 2016 .
^ Collins, Eliza (March 12, 2016). "Cruz wins 9 delegates in Wyoming" . Politico . Retrieved March 14, 2016 .
^ "Guam Republicans eke out a delegate for Cruz" . The Boston Globe . Associated Press. March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j "March 15 Primary Results" . The New York Times . March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016 .
^ Epstein, Reid J. (March 15, 2016). "Donald Trump Wins Northern Mariana Islands GOP Caucus" . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved March 17, 2016 .
^ Chavez, Paola (March 15, 2016). "Marco Rubio Suspends 2016 Presidential Campaign" . ABCNews.com . Retrieved March 15, 2016 .
^ "Global Presidential Primary Results" . DemocratsAbroad.org . March 21, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016 .
^ a b c d e "March 22 Primary Results" . The New York Times . March 23, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2016 .
^ McGinness, Brett (March 23, 2016). "For the Record: How the West was split" . USA Today . Retrieved March 23, 2016 .
^ a b c "March 26 Caucus Results" . The New York Times . March 26, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
^ Stein, Jeff (March 29, 2016). "How to watch the Republican town hall: time, TV schedule, how to watch online" . Vox.com . Retrieved March 29, 2016 .
^ "Libertarian hopefuls spar over Nazi-themed wedding cake on Fox Business Network presidential forum" . The Washington Times . March 31, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2016 .
^ Goldmacher, Shane (April 3, 2016). "Cruz tops Trump in North Dakota delegate race" . Politico . Retrieved April 6, 2016 .
^ a b "Wisconsin Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 6, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016 .
^ Frank, John; Bunch, Joey (April 9, 2016). "Ted Cruz dominates Colorado GOP convention winning all 34 delegates" . Retrieved April 11, 2016 .
^ Bradner, Eric (April 11, 2016). "Wyoming Democratic caucuses: Bernie Sanders picks up another win" . CNN.com. Retrieved April 11, 2016 .
^ "Transcript: Democratic Presidential Debate in Brooklyn" . The New York Times . April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
^ a b "New York Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
^ a b "Connecticut Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016 .
^ a b "Delaware Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016 .
^ a b "Maryland Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016 .
^ a b "Pennsylvania Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016 .
^ a b "Rhode Island Primary Results" . The New York Times . April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016 .
^ a b "Indiana Primary Results" . The New York Times . May 4, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2016 .
^ Sullivan, Sean; Zezima, Katie (May 3, 2016). "Ted Cruz drops out of the Republican presidential race" . The Washington Post . Retrieved May 4, 2016 .
^ Rowland, Darrel; Torry, Jack; Wehrman, Jessica (May 4, 2016). "John Kasich suspends presidential campaign" . The Columbus Dispatch . Retrieved May 4, 2016 .
^ Yoon, Robert (May 7, 2016). "Hillary Clinton wins Guam Democratic caucuses" . CNN .com. Retrieved May 11, 2016 .
^ a b c "May 10 Primary Results" . The New York Times . May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016 .
^ "Live presidential candidate TV debate on RT America Thursday, May 12 4-6 pm ET" . May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016 .
^ a b c "May 17 Primary Results" . The New York Times . May 18, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016 .
^ "LP presidential debate moderated by Penn Jillette to air on The Blaze" . May 19, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016 .
^ "Last night's Washington primary is one more big reason to kill the caucuses" . Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
^ "Trump Hits 'Magic Number' of Delegates Required for Nomination" . NBC News . Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
^ de Vries, Karl (June 4, 2016). "Hillary Clinton wins Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses" . CNN.com. Retrieved June 8, 2016 .
^ Yen, Hope (June 7, 2016). "Delegate math: Clinton wins, and how AP counts delegates" . Associated Press . Retrieved June 8, 2016 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "June 7 Primary Results" . The New York Times . June 8, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2016 .
^ "resident Barack Obama endorses Hillary Clinton in video" . cnn. June 10, 2016.
^ Nicholas, Peter; Tau, Byron (June 15, 2016). "Democratic Presidential Race Ends With Hillary Clinton's Victory in Washington, D.C." The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved June 18, 2016 .
^ Watkins, Eli (June 23, 2016). "Libertarians aim to slay 'two-party dinosaur' " . CNN. Retrieved June 23, 2016 .
^ Lee, MJ; Merica, Dan; Zeleny, Jeff (July 12, 2016). "Bernie Sanders endorses Hillary Clinton" . CNN.com. Retrieved August 1, 2016 .
^ Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence as his VP
^ Bacon, John; Wolf, Richard (July 19, 2016). "Trump and Pence nominated as Republicans target Clinton" . USA Today . Retrieved August 1, 2016 .
^ Healy, Patrick; Martin, Jonathan (July 21, 2016). "His Tone Dark, Donald Trump Takes G.O.P. Mantle" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved July 22, 2016 .
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ Schleifer, Theodore; Scott, Eugene. "What was in the DNC email leak?" . CNN . Retrieved July 27, 2016 .
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^ Johnson, Alan (July 19, 2016). "Wright State won't host presidential debate in September" . The Columbus Dispatch . Retrieved August 1, 2016 .
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^ Emails warrant no new action against Hillary Clinton, FBI Director Says, New York Times
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^ "Cocaine, guns and fury: 1 dead, 2 critically injured in Azusa shooting; gunman found dead - Los Angeles Times" . Los Angeles Times . November 9, 2016.
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^ State, Nevada Secretary of. "Nevada General Election 2016" . www.silverstateelection.com . Retrieved November 8, 2016 .
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^ Eversley, Melanie; Madhani, Aamer; Jervis, Rick (November 11, 2016). "Anti-Trump protests, some violent, erupt for 3rd night nationwide" . USA Today . Retrieved May 3, 2020 .
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^ "Arizona Secretary of State" (PDF) . November 29, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016 .[permanent dead link ]
^ "Arkansas Secretary of State" . November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016 .
^ "Election results" (PDF) . California Secretary of State . Retrieved December 20, 2016 .
^ "Official Certified Results" . Colorado Secretary of State. December 9, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016 .
^ "Official Results, Statewide" . Connecticut Secretary of State. Retrieved December 1, 2016 .
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