Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line

Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
Marunouchi Line 2000 series trains at Yotsuya Station
Overview
Other name(s)	Line 4 / M (Main line) / Mb (Branch line)
Native name	東京メトロ丸ノ内線
Owner	Tokyo Metro
Line number	4
Locale	Tokyo
Termini	Ogikubo (Main) / Honancho (Branch) Ikebukuro (Main) / Nakano-sakaue (Branch)
Stations	28 (including branch line)
Color on map	Red (#F62E36)
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Tokyo subway
Depot(s)	Koishikawa, Nakano
Rolling stock	2000 series
Daily ridership	1,159,898 (2017)[1]
History
Opened	20 January 1954; 70 years ago (1954-01-20)
Technical
Line length	27.4 km (17.0 mi) (Main line) 3.2 km (2.0 mi) (Branch Line)
Number of tracks	Double-track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Minimum radius	140 m (460 ft) (Main line: Near Ginza) 125 m (410 ft) (Branch Line)
Electrification	600 V DC (third rail)
Operating speed	75 km/h (47 mph) (Main line) 65 km/h (40 mph) (Branch line)
Signalling	Tokyo Metro CS-ATC
Maximum incline	3.5%
Route map Legend 0.0 – M-01 Ogikubo Chūō Main, Chūō-Sōbu lines 1.5 – M-02 Minami-Asagaya 2.7 – M-03 Shin-Kōenji 3.6 – M-04 Higashi-Kōenji 4.6 – M-05 Shin-Nakano – 0.0 Mb-03 Hōnanchō Nakano Depot – 1.3 Mb-04 Nakano-fujimichō – 1.9 Mb-05 Nakano-shimbashi 5.7 3.2 M-06 Nakano-sakaue 6.8 M-07 Nishi-Shinjuku Keiō Line Odakyu Odawara Line Chūō-Sōbu Line Yamanote Line Chūō Main Line Saikyō, Shōnan Shinjuku lines 7.6 M-08 Shinjuku Seibu Shinjuku of Seibu Shinjuku Line 7.9 M-09 Shinjuku-sanchōme 8.6 M-10 Shinjuku-gyoenmae 9.5 M-11 Yotsuya-sanchōme 10.5 M-12 Yotsuya 11.8 M-13 Akasaka-mitsuke 12.7 M-14 Kokkai-gijidōmae 13.4 M-15 Kasumigaseki Yamanote, Keihin Tōhoku, Tōkaidō, Sōbu lines Shinkansen 14.4 M-16 Ginza Keiyō Line Tōkaidō Shinkansen Tōhoku, Jōetsu, Nagano Shinkansen Tōkaidō Main Line Keihin-Tōhoku Line Yamamanote Line Sōbu Line (Rapid) Chūō Main Line 15.5 M-17 Tokyo 16.1 M-18 Ōtemachi 17.0 M-19 Awajichō Kanda River 17.8 M-20 Ochanomizu 18.6 M-21 Hongō-Sanchōme 19.4 M-22 Kōrakuen Koishikawa Depot 21.2 M-23 Myōgadani 22.4 M-24 Shin-Ōtsuka Seibu Ikebukuro Line Saikyō, Shōnan Shinjuku lines 24.2 M-25 Ikebukuro Yamanote Line Tōbu Tōjō Line

The Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (東京メトロ丸ノ内線, Tōkyō Metoro Marunouchi-sen) is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyo Metro. The line runs in a U-shape between Ogikubo Station in Suginami and Ikebukuro Station in Toshima, with a branch line between Nakano-Sakaue Station and Hōnanchō Station. The official name is Line 4 Marunouchi Line (4号線丸ノ内線, Yon-gōsen Marunouchi-sen).

The line was named after the Marunouchi business district in Chiyoda, Tokyo, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color red, and its stations are given numbers using the letters "M" for the main line and "Mb" for the branch line.

The Marunouchi Line is the second line to be built in the city, and the first one constructed after the Second World War. The route is U-shaped, running from Ogikubo Station in the west of the city via the commercial and administrative district of Shinjuku through to the Marunouchi commercial center around Tokyo Station, before turning back and heading to Ikebukuro. Along with the Ginza Line, it is self-enclosed and does not have any through services with other railway lines.

The Marunouchi Line is served by Tokyo Metro 02 series rolling stock in six-car trains on the main line, and mostly three-car trains on the Hōnanchō branch (some six-car trains during peak hours). The main line was the most frequent subway line in Tokyo, with trains once running at intervals of 1 minute 50 seconds during peak hours. In spite of such high-frequency service, according to the 2018 survey by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Marunouchi Line is one of the most crowded railway lines in Tokyo, ^[2] running at 169% capacity between Shin-ōtsuka and Myōgadani stations.^[3] Its age and relatively short train length has made it one of the most crowded lines in Tokyo, although the 2000 opening of the Toei Ōedo Line has relieved the problem somewhat. In response to crowding, Tokyo Metro upgraded all stations with chest-high platform doors on March 28, 2009, a date on which it also began driver-only operation. The Hōnanchō branch switched to driver-only operation in July 2004.^[4]

Due to the age of the Marunouchi Line and the relative shallowness at which it runs, at several points in central Tokyo trains run at or above ground level. These include Yotsuya Station, the Kanda River near Ochanomizu Station (see image), and between Kōrakuen and Myōgadani stations.

On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color red. Its stations are given numbers using the prefix "M"; Hōnanchō branch line stations carry the prefix "Mb", which replaced the previously used lowercase "m" prefix in November 2016.^[5]

• All stations are located in Tokyo.
• Some trains leave the main line at Nakano-sakaue (M-06) for the Marunouchi Branch Line to Hōnanchō.

Marunouchi Line services are operated using a fleet of 53 Tokyo Metro 02 series six-car EMUs in service since 1988 together with six three-car sets used on Hōnanchō branch services until September 2022. All trains are based at Koishikawa and Nakano Depots.^[6]

A fleet of 53 new Tokyo Metro 2000 series six-car trains was scheduled to be introduced from fiscal 2018, replacing the 02 series trains by fiscal 2025.^[7] On February 23, 2019, the 2000 series started operation.

• TRTA 500 series/TRTA 300/TRTA 400 series/TRTA 500 series/TRTA 900 series (from 1954 until 1996, later sold and exported for use on Line B of the Buenos Aires Underground)
• TRTA 100 series (from 1962 until 1968, transferred from Ginza Line, used for Hōnanchō branch only)
• TRTA 2000 series (from 1968 until 1993, used for Hōnanchō branch only)

• 
  A Hōnanchō branch 2000 series train in 1977

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The Marunouchi Line is the second subway line to be built in the city, and the first to be constructed after the Second World War. Its design is similar to that of the Ginza Line, the oldest subway line in Tokyo. Both lines are standard gauge and use third rail power, unlike subsequent Tokyo subway lines which use overhead wires and are mostly narrow gauge to accommodate through services with other railway lines.

In a 1925 plan for a five-line subway system, the Marunouchi Line was planned to run from Shinjuku to Ōtsuka via Hibiya, Tsukiji and Okachimachi, as a 20 km (12 mi) underground route. A 1.2 km (0.75 mi) segment between Akasaka-mitsuke and Yotsuya began construction in 1942, but was abandoned in 1944 as a result of the continuing effects of World War II. On December 7, 1946, the Marunouchi Line was revised to begin from Nakano-fujimichō to the Mukōhara neighbourhood in Toshima Ward via Kanda and Ikebukuro, for a total length of 22.1 km (13.7 mi). On March 30, 1951, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Ikebukuro Station East Exit to begin construction of the initial 7.7 km (4.8 mi) segment of the Marunouchi Line.

The first section was opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu on January 20, 1954.^[8] The subsequent progress of the line was as follows:

• Ochanomizu to Awajichō: March 1956
• Awajichō to Tokyo: July 1956
• Tokyo to Nishi-Ginza (now Ginza): December 1957
• Nishi-Ginza to Kasumigaseki: October 1958
• Kasumigaseki to Shinjuku: March 1959
• Shinjuku to Shin-Nakano/Nakano-Fujimichō (not Nishi-Shinjuku): February 1961
• Shin-Nakano to Minami-Asagaya (not Higashi-Kōenji): November 1961
• Minami-Asagaya to Ogikubo: January 23, 1962
• Nakano-Fujimichō to Hōnanchō: March 23, 1962
• Nishi-Ginza becomes part of Ginza when Hibiya Line reaches there: August 1964
• Higashi-Kōenji opens (between Shin-Nakano and Shin-Kōenji): September 1964
• Nishi-Shinjuku opens (between Shinjuku and Nakano-Sakaue) May 1996.

The Marunouchi Line was one of the lines targeted in the Aum sarin gas attack on March 20, 1995. A plan to extend the Marunouchi Line from Ogikubo to Asaka City in Saitama Prefecture was rejected in the late 1990s.

The line, stations, rolling stock, and related facilities were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.^[9]

Automatic train control (ATC) was activated on the Marunouchi Line on February 27, 1998, which allowed for an increase in the maximum operating speed limit from 65 km/h (40 mph) to 75 km/h (47 mph). This was followed by train automatic stopping controller (TASC) which was introduced in November 2002, along with automatic train operation (ATO) which was introduced on the main segment of the Marunouchi Line on December 27, 2008. The platform-edge doors at Hōnanchō Station, the terminus of the Hōnanchō Branch, were lengthened to allow six-car trains to use the station, with work starting in 2013, which enabled through trains to and from Ikebukuro to start operating all the way to Hōnanchō from fiscal 2017.^[10]

Communications-based train control (CBTC) signalling is also scheduled to be introduced together with the new rolling stock from 2022.^[11]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line.

• Tokyo Metro website