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Tonekabon

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 12 min
For the administrative division of Mazandaran province, see Tonekabon County.

Tonekabon
Persian: تنكابن
City
Cheshmeh Kileh
Dasht-e Daryasar, Mount Sialan
Sehezar Valley
Tonekabon is located in Iran
Tonekabon
Tonekabon
Coordinates: 36°48′55″N 50°52′16″E / 36.81528°N 50.87111°E / 36.81528; 50.87111[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceMazandaran
CountyTonekabon
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
55,434
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Websitetonekabon.ir

Tonekabon (Persian: تنكابن)[a] is a city in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]

Etymology

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Toneka was a large and fortress-like city with a fence and a hard and strong surface in the west of Ruyan district. Shortly after the destruction of Toneka Castle, a lower city was built from the ruins of the old city, and it was called Toneka Bon (Persian: تنکابن, lit. 'Lowest point of the Toneka'). This name was extended to all the lands that formed the local rulers.

History

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The territory of Tonekabon was originally part of Gilan. Numerous evidences discovered in various parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in the past. The ancient Tonekabon came under the realm of the Royan territory, also called Rostamdar. The Padusbanan held the power of this vicinity till the reign of Shah Abbas Safavid I. Thereafter until the year 1209 CE. which was the beginning of the reign of Aqa Mohammad Khan Qajar and the Qajar dynasty, the city was known as Feiz.

After the downfall of the Qajar dynasty, the city was renamed Shahsavar. After the 1979 Revolution the name was returned to its original historic one, Tonekabon. Most present-day people of the city still use the Shahsavar name.

Demographics

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Language

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The languages of Tonekabon are Mazandarani[5][6] and Gilaki.[7][8]

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,128 in 13,087 households.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 45,338 people in 14,975 households.[10] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 55,434 people in 18,878 households.[2]

Geography

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Tonekabon is located on the coast of the southern Caspian Sea, 257 kilometres (160 mi) north of Tehran, between Ramsar and Chalus.

The town of Tonekabon is nearby along the Caspian Sea, and Tonekabon County has common borders with Qazvin province to the south.

In its northern regions it has a moderate and humid climate and in the southern portions cold weather prevails. The Cheshmeh Kileh River flows through it.

Climate

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Tonekabon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.

Climate data for Tonekabon
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.6
(63.7) 		22.8
(73.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.7
(85.5) 		26.8
(80.2) 		21.9
(71.4) 		17.5
(63.5) 		13.0
(55.4) 		20.0
(68.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.8
(42.4) 		10.1
(50.2) 		15.0
(59.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.8
(71.2) 		21.6
(70.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.2
(57.6) 		9.4
(48.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		12.3
(54.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 83
(3.3) 		69
(2.7) 		78
(3.1) 		43
(1.7) 		40
(1.6) 		41
(1.6) 		31
(1.2) 		65
(2.6) 		124
(4.9) 		225
(8.9) 		146
(5.7) 		115
(4.5) 		1,060
(41.8)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 1.6
(0.6) 		11.1
(4.4) 		2.4
(0.9) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.1
(0.4) 		0.0
(0.0) 		16.2
(6.3)
Average rainy days 11 11 15 12 11 7 5 8 9 12 11 11 123
Average relative humidity (%) 82 81 82 79 77 73 71 74 76 79 81 82 78
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.2 121.5 111.6 147 198.4 231 226.3 201.5 165 145.7 135 120.9 1,934.1
Mean daily sunshine hours 4.2 4.3 3.6 4.9 6.4 7.7 7.3 6.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 5.3
Average ultraviolet index 2 3 2 4 5 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 4
Source: weather2visit[11] World weather online(Snow-UV)[12]

Economy

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A famous variety of orange, Shahsavari Orange, is grown in the city and bears its former name. The other products of Tonekabon are kiwi fruit, rice, and tea. Tonekabon has a semi tropical climate. The temperature is mild year round.

The "Ghalegardan high lands" and "Dohezar Valley" are famous resort areas in the Alborz (Elburz) mountain range, southwest of Tonekabon. There are also dense forests in Dohezar and the Sehezar Road areas of the Alborz.

Tourist attractions

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Glacial lake in Alam Kuh
  • Sialan
  • Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
  • Wildlife Museum
  • Municipality Palace of Tonekabon
  • Do Hezar Forest Park
  • Se Hezar Forest Park
  • Toneka Castle
  • Se Hezar Hot water
  • Sang Bon Cheshmeh Waterfall
  • Chaldarreh
  • Daryasar Plain
  • Dinar Sara
  • Beles Kūh
  • Kouhsar Waterfall
  • Falakdeh Hot water
  • Tonekabon Fish Market
  • Garma Poshteh Village

Notable people

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tonekabon.

flag Iran portal

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Tonekābon; formerly known as Shahsavar (شَهسَوار), also romanized as Shahsavār and Shahsawār[3]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (24 October 2024). "Tonekabon, Tonekabon County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  2. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Tonekabon can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3087648" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2024) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Subject Letter 3233.1.5.53; Notification 83346/T144K. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
  5. ^ «تنکابن». دانشنامه جهان اسلام. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۷-۰۷-۰۷.
  6. ^ parsi.wiki. Archived from the original on 16 اكتبر 2016. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  7. ^ «تنکابن». دانشنامه جهان اسلام. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۷-۰۷-۰۷.
  8. ^ parsi.wiki. Archived from the original on 16 اكتبر 2016. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  9. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  10. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  11. ^ "Tonekābon monthly weather averages". weather 2 visit. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Annual Weather Averages - Tonekabon, Mazandaran, IR". World weather Online. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
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Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonekabon
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