Trilateral Patent Offices

The Trilateral Patent Offices, or simply the Trilateral Offices, are the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In 1983, these patent offices set up a programme of co-operation in an effort to "improve efficiency of the global patent system".^[1]

The EPO, JPO and USPTO handle the majority of the world's patent applications.^[2] In 1983, these patent offices set up a programme of co-operation in an effort to "improve efficiency of the global patent system"^[1] and to exchange information and views on patent administration and examination practice in order to gain mutual benefits.^[3]

Key areas of co-operation include the development of a common system architecture for electronic exchange of documents such as priority documents, developing standards for electronic filing of patent applications and genetic sequence submissions, harmonisation of patent practices, and developing common patent information dissemination policies.^[4]

In June 2000, the Trilateral Offices released the results of a study on business method related inventions entitled.^[5] This report concluded that the mere automation of a known human transaction process using well known automation techniques was not patentable, and that a technical aspect was necessary for a computer implemented business method to be patentable, although this aspect need only be implicit in US claims.^[3]

It was decided that an important area of focus should be collaboration on searching prior art in the business method field. In November 2001, the Trilateral Offices released the results of a study of search tools and strategies.^[6] The report concluded that each Office’s ability to search the prior art for business method inventions was satisfactory but that the EPO and USPTO should make more use of the JPO search documentation and vice versa and that there should be more exchange of non-patent literature (NPL) searching information.^[3]

• Eurasian Patent Organization
• Triadic patent
• Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)
• IP5 (intellectual property offices)

• Trilateral web site
• Trilateral Statistical Reports from 1996 to 2004

• Patent Application Outcomes across the Trilateral Patent Offices, Jensen, Paul H.; Palangkaraya, Alfons; and Webster, Elizabeth M. (April 2005). Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 5/05
• Trilateral offices commit to cooperate, Managing Intellectual Property, 1 November 2007
• OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2006 By Oecd, OECD. Published 2006. ISBN 92-64-02848-X. Pages 162-163 in particular.