Troyes

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Troyes
Prefecture and commune
Buildings in the historic quarter of Troyes
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Troyes
Troyes Show map of France Troyes Show map of Grand Est
Coordinates: 48°17′59″N 4°04′45″E / 48.2997°N 4.0792°E / 48.2997; 4.0792
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Department	Aube
Arrondissement	Troyes
Canton	Troyes-1 Troyes-2 Troyes-3 Troyes-4 Troyes-5
Intercommunality	CA Troyes Champagne Métropole
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	François Baroin[1] (LR)
Area 1	13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[2]	62,782
• Density	4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	10387 /10000
Elevation	100–126 m (328–413 ft) (avg. 118 m or 387 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Troyes (French pronunciation: [tʁwa] ^ⓘ) is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about 140 km (87 mi) south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park.

Troyes had a population of 61,996 inhabitants in 2018. It is the center of the Communauté d'agglomération Troyes Champagne Métropole, which was home to 170,145 inhabitants.

Troyes developed as early as the Roman era, when it was known as Augustobona Tricassium. It stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa. The city has a rich historical past, from the Tricasses tribe to the liberation of the city on 25 August 1944 during the Second World War, including the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, the Council of Troyes, the marriage of Henry V and Catherine of France, and the Champagne fairs to which merchants came from all over Christendom. The city has a rich architectural and urban heritage: many buildings are protected as historical monuments, including the half-timbered houses (mainly of the 16th century) that survived in the old town. They have contributed to Troyes being designated as a City of Art and History.

Manufacturing of textiles, developed from the 18th century onwards, was a chief part of Troyes' economy until the 1960s. Today, Troyes is the European capital of factory outlets and trading, and has three brand centers.

Prehistoric evidence found in the Troyes area suggests that the settlement may have developed as early as 600 BC. Celtic grave-mounds have been found near the city, and Celtic artifacts have been excavated within the city grounds.^[3]

In the Roman era, Troyes was known as Augustobona Tricassium. Numerous highways intersected here, primarily the Via Agrippa, which led north to Reims and south to Langres, and eventually to Milan.^[4] Other Roman routes from Troyes led to Poitiers, Autun and Orléans.^[5]

It was the civitas of the Tricasses people,^[6] whom Augustus separated from the Senones. Of the Gallo-Roman city of the early Roman Empire, some scattered remains have been found, but no public monuments, other than traces of an aqueduct. By the late Empire the settlement had reduced in extent. It was referred to as Tricassium or Tricassae, the origin of French Troyes.

From the fourth century AD, the people had become Christian and the Church made the city the seat of a bishop. The legend of its bishop Lupus (Loup), who allegedly saved the city from Attila in 451 by offering himself as hostage, is hagiographic rather than historical.^[7] A disciple of Saint Lupus, Aventinus (Saint Aventin of Troyes, died 537) founded a monastery at Troyes.^[8] It was several centuries before Troyes gained importance as a medieval centre of commerce.

The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, also called the Battle of Troyes, took place nearby in 451 AD: the Roman general Flavius Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric I fought against Attila.

The early cathedral occupied the site of the current one. Here Louis the Stammerer in 878 received the crown of West Francia from Pope John VIII. At the end of the ninth century, following depredations of the city by Normans, the counts of Champagne chose Troyes as their capital. It remained the capital of the Province of Champagne until the Revolution of the late eighteenth century. The Abbey of Saint-Loup developed a renowned library and scriptorium.

During the Middle Ages, Troyes functioned as an important international trading town. It was the namesake of troy weight for gold - a standard of measurement developed here.^[9] The Champagne cloth fairs and the revival of long-distance trade, together with new extension of coinage and credit, were the drivers of the medieval economy of Troyes.

In 1285, when King Philip the Fair united Champagne to the French royal domain, the town kept a number of its traditional privileges. John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and ally of the English during the Hundred Years War, in 1417 worked to have Troyes designated as the capital of France. He came to an understanding with Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of King Charles VI of France, for the establishment at Troyes of a court, council, and parlement with comptroller's offices.

On 21 May 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed in this city, still under control of the Burgundians, by which King Henry V of England was betrothed to Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. Under the terms of the treaty, Henry V, rather than the Dauphin, was to succeed Charles as King of France. The high-water mark of Plantagenet hegemony in France was reversed in 1429 when the Dauphin (afterwards King Charles VII) and Joan of Arc re-established French control of the town of Troyes by armed conflict (Siege of Troyes).

The great fire of 1524 destroyed much of the medieval city, although the city had numerous canals separating sections.

• Many half-timbered houses (mainly of the 16th century) survive in the old town.
• Hôtels particuliers (mansions) of the old town
• The Hôtel de Ville, Place Alexandre Israël, is an urbane example of the style Louis XIII. On the central corps de logis, which contains the main reception rooms, its cornice is rhythmically broken forward over paired Corinthian columns; these are supported below by strong clustered pilasters. Above the entrance door the statue of Louis XIV was pulled out of its niche and smashed in 1793, during the Reign of Terror at the height of the French Revolution; it was replaced in the nineteenth century with the present Helmeted Minerva and the device in its original form. It is now rare to see "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité, ou la Mort". In the Salle du Conseil (Council Chamber) a marble medallion of Louis XIV (1690) by François Girardon, born at Troyes, survived the destruction unscathed.

• Museum of Modern Art (Musée d'Art Moderne)
• Maison de l'outil et de la pensée ouvrière
• Vauluisant Museum :
  • Historical museum of Troyes and Champagne-Ardenne
  • Museum of hosiery
• Hôtel-Dieu-Lecomte apothecary
• Saint-Loup Museum (museum of fine arts)
• Di Marco Museum (Open from 1 April to 1 October, each year)

Not having suffered from the last wars, Troyes has a high density of old religious buildings grouped close to the city centre. They include:

• Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul Cathedral
• Saint-Nizier Church, in Gothic and Renaissance style, with remarkable sculptures. Classified as a Monument Historique (French equivalence) in 1840.
• The Gothic Saint-Urbain Basilica (thirteenth century), with a roofing covered by polished tiles. It was built by Jacques Pantaléon, who was elected pope in 1261, under the name of Urbain IV, on grounds where his father had a workshop. Classified Monument Historique in 1840. It was proclaimed a basilica in 1964.
• Sainte-Madeleine Church. Very early Gothic, with east end rebuilt around 1500. Remarkably elaborate stone rood screen of 1508–17 in Flamboyant Gothic style, sculpted by Jean Gailde, with a statue of Saint Martha. Fine Renaissance stained glass. Saint Jean district. Classified Monument historique in 1840.
• Saint-Jean Church, with a Renaissance chancel, tabernacle of the high altar by Giraudon. On the portal, coat of arms of Charles IX. Classified Monument Historique in 1840.
• Gothic Saint-Nicolas Church, dating to the beginning of the sixteenth century, with a calvary chapel -shaped rostrum reached by a monumental staircase. On the south portal, two sculptures by François Gentil of David and Isaiah.
• Saint-Pantaléon Church, with extensive statuary from the sixteenth century.
• Saint Remy Church, with a 14th-century spire rising to a height of 60 m (196.85 ft). A 17th-century sundial on its south side bears the Latin inscription sicut umbra dies nostri super terram ("our days on earth pass like a shadow").
• Church of Saint-Martin-ès-Vignes. It has stained glass windows of the seventeenth century by the local master verrier Linard Gonthier.

Several Troyes churches have sculpture by The Maître de Chaource.

The Rashi Synagogue is a Jewish Synagogue on 5 rue Brunneval.

The inhabitants of the commune are called Troyens.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 26,751 —     1800 24,061 −1.50% 1806 27,196 +2.06% 1821 25,078 −0.54% 1831 23,740 −0.55% 1836 25,563 +1.49% 1841 25,469 −0.07% 1846 25,702 +0.18% 1851 27,376 +1.27% 1856 33,071 +3.85% 1861 34,613 +0.92% 1866 35,678 +0.61% 1872 38,113 +1.11% 1876 41,275 +2.01% 1881 46,067 +2.22% 1886 46,972 +0.39% 1891 50,330 +1.39% 1896 52,998 +1.04% 1901 53,146 +0.06%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1906 53,447 +0.11% 1911 55,486 +0.75% 1921 55,215 −0.05% 1926 58,321 +1.10% 1931 58,804 +0.17% 1936 57,961 −0.29% 1946 58,805 +0.14% 1954 58,819 +0.00% 1962 67,406 +1.72% 1968 74,898 +1.77% 1975 72,165 −0.53% 1982 63,579 −1.79% 1990 59,255 −0.88% 1999 60,958 +0.32% 2007 61,823 +0.18% 2012 60,009 −0.59% 2017 61,652 +0.54% 2021 62,782 +0.46%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968–2021)[13]

Troyes is home to the production headquarters of Lacoste company, a popular clothing brand. It is also home of chocolatier Pascal Caffet.^[14]

The University of Technology of Troyes and the business school Groupe École supérieure de commerce de Troyes are located in Troyes.

The train station Gare de Troyes offers connections to Paris, Dijon, Mulhouse and several regional destinations. Troyes is at the junction of motorways A5 (Paris – Troyes – Langres) and A26 (Calais – Reims – Troyes). Troyes – Barberey Airport is a small regional airport.

Troyes is the home of association football club Troyes AC, or ESTAC. In the 2020–21 Ligue 2 season, Troyes were promoted back to Ligue 1 as champions of the division.

• Troyes (2010) is a board game named after the city, published by Pearl Games, UPlay.it edizioni, and Z-Man Games.^[15][16]
• Chapter 28 of James Rollins' sixth Sigma Force novel, The Doomsday Key (2009), is named "Troyes, France," as the city plays an important role in the plot.^{[citation needed]}

Troyes is twinned with:^[17]

• Communes of the Aube department
• Count of Troyes
• Order of the Knights Templar
• Troy weight#Etymology
• Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Troyes.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Troyes". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
• (in French)Troyes city council website