Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

Tsinghua University

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 44 min
This article is about the university in Beijing. For the university in Hsinchu, see National Tsing Hua University.

Tsinghua University
清华大学
Seal of Tsinghua University
Motto自强不息、厚德载物[1]
Motto in English
Self-Discipline and Social Commitment[2]
TypePublic
Established1911; 113 years ago (1911)
Endowment~$6 billion (2023)
PresidentLi Luming
Party SecretaryQiu Yong
Academic staff
3,565[3]
Students50,390[4]
Undergraduates16,030[4]
Postgraduates18,610[4]
15,750[4]
Location
Haidian, Beijing
,
China

40°00′00″N 116°19′36″E / 40.00000°N 116.32667°E / 40.00000; 116.32667
Campus395 hectares (980 acres)[3]
FlowerRedbud and Lilac[5]
Colors  Purple
  White[6][7]
AffiliationsC9, AUA, AEARU, APRU, BHUA, CDIO
Websitetsinghua.edu.cn
tsinghua.edu.cn/en
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese清華大學
Simplified Chinese清华大学
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīnghuá Dàxué
Bopomofoㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
Wade–GilesCh'ing1-hua2 Ta4-hsüeh2
Tongyong PinyinCing-huá Dà-syué
IPA[tɕʰíŋ.xwǎ tâ.ɕɥě]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationChīng-wàah Daaih-hohk
Jyutpingcing1 waa4 daai6 hok6
IPA[tsʰɪŋ˥ wa˩ taj˨ hɔk̚˨]

Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is also a member in the C9 League.

Tsinghua University's campus is in northwest Beijing, on the site of the former imperial gardens of the Qing dynasty. The university has 21 schools and 59 departments, with faculties in science, engineering, humanities, law, medicine, history, philosophy, economics, management, education, and art.[8]

History

[edit]
The inscription at the entrance of Tsinghua Garden. The garden is among the oldest components of the campus of Tsinghua University
A glimpse of Xichun Garden, a Qing dynasty garden on Tsinghua University campus
Built in 1917, the Grand Auditorium with its Jeffersonian architectural design is a centerpiece of the old campus
Main article: History of Tsinghua University
Further information: Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program

Early 20th century (1911–1949)

[edit]

Tsinghua University was established in Beijing during a tumultuous period of national upheaval and conflicts with foreign powers which culminated in the Boxer Rebellion, an uprising against foreign influence in China. After the suppression of the revolt by a foreign alliance including the United States, the ruling Qing dynasty was required to pay indemnities to alliance members. United States Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US$30 million Boxer indemnity allotted to the United States was excessive. After much negotiation with Qing ambassador Liang Cheng, president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt obtained approval from the United States Congress in 1909 to reduce the indemnity payment by US$10.8 million, on the condition that the funds would be used as scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States.[9][10]

Using this fund, the Tsinghua College (清華學堂; Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was established in Beijing, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden to serve as a preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States.[11] Faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States, and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation.[citation needed] The motto of Tsinghua, "Self-Discipline and Social Commitment", was derived from a 1914 speech by prominent scholar and faculty member Liang Qichao, in which he quoted the I Ching to describe a notion of the ideal gentleman.[12]

In 1925, the school established its own four-year undergraduate program and started a research institute on Chinese studies.[13][14][15][16][17] In 1928, the school changed its name to National Tsinghua University.[18]

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, many Chinese universities were forced to evacuate their campuses to avoid the Japanese invasion. In 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University merged to form the Changsha Temporary University, located in Changsha, Hunan. The merged university later became the National Southwestern Associated University, located in Kunming, Yunnan. The Tsinghua University section of the merged university returned to Beijing at the end of World War II.[19][20][21][22][23]

Later 20th century (post-1949)

[edit]

After the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, China experienced a communist revolution leading to the creation of the People's Republic of China. Tsinghua University's then president Mei Yiqi, along with many professors, fled to Taiwan with the retreating Nationalist government. They established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan, an institution independent and distinct from Tsinghua University.[24][25][26]

In 1952, the Chinese Communist Party regrouped the country's higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system where each institution specialized in a certain field of study, such as social sciences or natural sciences.[27] Tsinghua University was streamlined into a polytechnic institute with a focus on engineering and the natural sciences.[28]

In 1953, Tsinghua established a political counselor program, becoming the first university to do so following the Ministry of Education's 1952 directive to begin piloting such programs.[29]: 107  As political counselors, new graduates who were also Communist Party members worked as political counselors in managing the student body and student organizations, often simultaneously serving as Communist Youth League secretaries.[29]: 107  The program was later expanded to other universities following its endorsement by Deng Xiaoping and became further institutionalized across China in the 1990s and 2000s.[29]: 108 

During the Third Front construction, Tsinghua established a branch in Mianyang, Sichuan province.[30]

In 1966, the efforts of Tsinghua researchers were critical in China's transition from vacuum-tube computers to fully transistorized computers.[31]: 101 

From 1966 to 1976, China experienced immense sociopolitical upheaval and instability during the Cultural Revolution. Many university students walked out of classrooms at Tsinghua and other institutions, and some went on to join the Red Guards, resulting in the complete shutdown of the university as faculty were persecuted or otherwise unable to teach.[32][33] It was not until 1978, after the Cultural Revolution ended, that the university began to take in students and re-emerge as a force in Chinese politics and society.[34]

During the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Tsinghua and Peking University disseminated commentaries under the pseudonym of "Liang Xiao".[35] The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a homophone for "two schools".[35]

In the 1980s, Tsinghua evolved beyond the polytechnic model and incorporated a multidisciplinary system emphasizing collaboration between distinct schools within the broader university environment.[36] Under this system, several schools have been re-incorporated, including Tsinghua Law School, the School of Economics and Management, the School of Sciences, the School of Life Sciences, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Public Policy and Management, and the Academy of Arts and Design.[9]

In 1996, the School of Economics and Management established a partnership with the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. One year later, Tsinghua and MIT began the MBA program known as the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA.[37]

In 1998, Tsinghua became the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws (LLM) program in American law, through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law.[38]

21st century

[edit]

Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China, Xi Jinping '79, who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering, along with the CCP General Secretary and former Paramount Leader of China Hu Jintao '64, who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering. In addition to its powerful alumni, Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting globally prominent guest speakers, with international leaders Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Henry Kissinger, Carlos Ghosn, and Henry Paulson having lectured to the university community.[39]

As of 2018, Tsinghua University consists of 20 schools and 58 university departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories.[40] In September 2006, the Peking Union Medical College, a renowned medical school, was renamed "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University" although it and Tsinghua University are technically separate institutions.[41] The university operates the Tsinghua University Press, which publishes academic journals, textbooks, and other scholarly works.[42][43]

The traditional He Tang Yue Se (moonlit pond) is part of the Qing dynasty Prince's Residence and Garden located on the grounds of Tsinghua University

Through its constituent colleges, graduate and professional schools, and other institutes, Tsinghua University offers more than 82 bachelor's degree programs, 80 master's degree programs and 90 PhD programs.[44][45]

In 2014, Tsinghua established Xinya College, a residential liberal arts college, as a pilot project to reform undergraduate education at the university. Modeled after universities in the United States and Europe, Xinya combines general and professional education in a liberal arts tradition, featuring a core curriculum of Chinese and Western literature and civilization studies and required courses in physical education and foreign languages. Furthermore, while most Tsinghua undergraduates must choose a specific major upon entrance, Xinya students declare their majors at the end of freshman year, enabling them to explore several different fields of study.[46]

In December 2014, Tsinghua University established the Advisory Committee of Undergraduate Curriculum (ACUC).[47] It became the first student autonomous organization in mainland China for students to participate in the school's management.[48] The Tsinghua University Academic Committee, which was formally established on 8 July 2015, has stipulated in the committee's charter that students should be consulted through the ACUC for resolutions involving undergraduate students.[49] From then on, Tsinghua commenced a new round of academic reform lasting ever since, including establishing GPA grading system,[50] adding the writing classes, critical thinking classes, second foreign languages classes into curriculum,[51] requiring undergrads to be able to swim before graduation,[52] cooperating with the Peking University on class cross-registration to supplement each other's general education curriculum,[53] reducing fees on class withdraw, transcripts and certificates,[54] and adjusting the graduate school co-terminal admission policies.[55]

In 2016, Schwarzman Scholars was established with almost US$400 million endowment by Steven Schwarzman, the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group and other multinational corporations and global leaders. Schwarzman Scholars annually selects 100–200 scholars across the world to enroll in a one-year fully-funded master's degree leadership program designed to cultivate the next generation of global leaders. 40% students are selected from the United States, 20% students are selected from China, 40% are selected from rest of the world. These scholars reside on the university campus at Schwarzman College, a residential college built specifically for the program.[56][57]

In 2016, Tsinghua's expenditures were RMB 13.7 billion (US$3.57 billion at purchasing power parity), the largest budget of any university in China.[58] According to a 2018 Financial Times report, Tsinghua University has been linked to cyber-espionage.[59]

In 2024, Tsinghua announced that its office of the university president had merged into the university's Chinese Communist Party committee, which would directly administer the university henceforth.[60]

Academics

[edit]

Tsinghua University engages in extensive research and offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs, and 107 doctoral programs through 20 colleges and 57 departments covering a broad range of subjects,[61] including science, engineering, arts and literature, social sciences, law, medicine.[62] Along with its membership in the C9 League, Tsinghua University affiliations include the Association of Pacific Rim Universities,[63] a group of 50 leading Asian and American universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, a group of 35 premier global universities,[64] and the Association of East Asian Research Universities, a 17-member research collaboration network of top regional institutions.[65] Tsinghua is an associate member of the Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for Education and Research (CLUSTER).[66] Tsinghua is a member of a Low Carbon Energy University Alliance (LCEUA), together with the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).[67][68]

Admissions

[edit]

Admission to Tsinghua for both undergraduate and graduate schools is extremely competitive. Undergraduate admissions for domestic students is decided through the gaokao, the Chinese national college entrance exam, which allows students to list Tsinghua University among their preferred college choices. While selectivity varies by province, the sheer number of high school students applying for college each year has resulted in overall acceptance rates far lower than 0.1% of all test takers.[69]

Admission to Tsinghua's graduate schools is also very competitive. Only about 16% of MBA applicants are admitted each year.[70]

Research

[edit]

Research at Tsinghua University is mainly supported by government funding from national programs and special projects. In the areas of science and technology, funding from these sources totals over 20 billion yuan, which subsidizes more than 1,400 projects every year conducted by the university. With the prospective increase of state investment in science and technology, research at Tsinghua is projected to receive more financial support from the state.[71]

In 2007, Tsinghua was granted security clearance to conduct classified research of military interest.[72]

Each year, the university hosts the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord, New Hampshire.[73]

The scientific research institutions in Tsinghua University are divided into three categories, including government-approved institutions, institutions independently established by the university and institutions jointly established by the university and independent legal entities outside the university.

As of 31 December 2022, Tsinghua University has 428 university-level scientific research institutions in operation.[74]

Rankings and reputation

[edit]

General ranking

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[75]22 (2024)
QS World[76]20 (2025)
QS Employability[77]6 (2022)
THE World[78]12 (2024)
THE Reputation[79]8 (2023)
USNWR Global[80]16 (2024–25)
Regional – Overall
ARWU Asia[81]1 (2023)
QS Asia[82]3 (2023)
QS BRICS[83]1 (2019)
THE Asia[84]1 (2023)
THE Emerging Economies[85]2 (2022)
USNWR Asia[86]1 (2024–25)
National – Overall
BCUR National[87]1 (2023)
QS National[88]1 (2019)
THE National[89]1 (2023)
USNWR National[90]1 (2024–25)

Tsinghua University ranked No. 1 in China, the whole of Asia-Oceania region and emerging countries according to the Times Higher Education,[91][92][93] with its industry income, research, and teaching performance indicator placed at 1st, 4th and 9th respectively in the world.[94] Internationally, Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where, it has ranked 8th globally and 1st in the Asia-Pacific.[95]

Tsinghua University ranked 10 among Global Innovative Universities according to the World's Universities with Real Impact (WURI) 2020 ranking released by United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).[96][97]

Since 2013, Tsinghua also topped the newly created regional QS BRICS University Rankings.[98] Tsinghua graduates are highly desired worldwide; in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017, Tsinghua was ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the whole of Afro-Eurasia & Oceania region.[99] In 2020, Tsinghua was ranked 15th in the world by QS World University Rankings,[100] and ranked 6th globally and 1st in Asia in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings.[101]

As of 2023, the Academic Ranking of World Universities, also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Tsinghua University 22nd in the world and 1st in Asia & Oceania region.[102] The U.S. News & World Report ranked Tsinghua at 1st in the Asia-Pacific and 16th globally in its 2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings.[103]

Tsinghua was the best-ranked university in the Asia-Pacific and the 17th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (THE+ARWU+QS) as reported by the Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities.[104]

Research performance

[edit]

As of 2021, it ranked 3rd among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[105] The Nature Index 2022 Annual Tables by Nature Research ranked Tsinghua 7th among the leading universities globally for the high quality of research publications in natural science.[106]

For sciences in general, the 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Tsinghua University 3rd in the world after Harvard and Stanford based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1% in their fields.[107] In November 2024, Clarivate Analytics ranked Tsinghua second in Afro-Eurasia & Oceania regions after Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and 4th in the world after (CAS, Harvard, and Stanford) for most cited researchers.[108]

Subjects rankings

[edit]

As of 2021, it ranked 6th globally in "Education", 7th in "Clinical, pre-clinical and Health", 11th in "Business and Economics", 12th in "Computer Science", 13th in "Life Science", 17th in "Engineering and Technology", 18th in "Physical Science", 33th in "Social Science", 37th in "Law", and 40th in "Arts and Humanities" by the Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects, which are historical strengths for Tsinghua.[109][110]

Since 2015, Tsinghua University has overtaken the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to top the list of Best Global Universities for Engineering published by the U.S. News & World Report and as of 2024, it also ranked number one globally in 9 subjects: "Artificial Intelligence", "Chemical Engineering", "Chemistry", "Computer Science", "Energy and Fuels", "Engineering", "Environment Engineering", "Environment/Ecology" and "Material Science".[111][112]

As of 2024, the U.S. News & World Report also placed "Civil Engineering", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Geosciences", "Green and Sustainable Science and Technology", "Mechanical Engineering", "Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences", "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology", "Optics", "Physical Chemistry", "Physics" and "Water Resources" at Tsinghua in the global Top 10 universities.[112]

In the ARWU's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020, Tsinghua ranks in the world's top five universities in "Telecommunication Engineering", "Instruments Science & Technology", "Civil Engineering", "Chemical Engineering", "Mechanical Engineering", "Nanoscience & Nanotechnology", "Energy Science & Engineering", and "Transportation Science & Technology" and falls within the global top 10 for "Electrical & Electronic Engineering", "Computer Science & Engineering", "Materials Science & Engineering", "Environmental Science & Engineering", and "Water Resources".[113]

List of university departments and institutions

[edit]

Department of Industrial Engineering

[edit]

Department of Industrial Engineering (Tsinghua IE) has three institutes:[155]

  • Operations Research & Data Science
  • System Operation and Digital Management
  • Human Factors and Human-System Interaction

The department also operates two university-level multi-disciplinary application-oriented institutes or centers:[155]

  • Institute of Quality and Reliability
    • Established jointly by Tsinghua University and State Administration for Market Regulation
  • Institute of Industrial Culture
    • Established jointly by Tsinghua University and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  • Center for Smart Logistics and Supply Chain Management
    • Established jointly by Tsinghua University and Jiaozhou City at Qingdao City, Shandong Province.

Department of Mathematical Sciences

[edit]

The Department of Mathematical Sciences (DMS) was established in 1927.

In 1952, Tsinghua DMS was merged with the Peking University Department of Mathematical Sciences. Then in 1979 it was renamed "Department of Applied Mathematics", and renamed again in 1999 to its current title.

Tsinghua DMS has three institutes at present, the institute of Pure Mathematics which has 27 faculty members, the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Probability and Statistics which has 27 faculty members, and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Operations Research which has 20 faculty members. There are currently about 400 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students.

Department of Precision Instrument

[edit]

The Department of Precision Instrument was called the Department of Precision Instrument and Machine Manufacturing in 1960 when it was separated out from the Department of Machine Manufacturing to be an independent department. Later, in 1971, it was renamed the Department of Precision Instrument.[156] The mission of the Department of Precision Instrument at Tsinghua University, as its dean said, is "supporting the national development and improving the people’s well-being."[157]

A footpath in the university

Research

[edit]

Research in the Department of Precision Instrument is divided to four main parts, led by its four research institutes: the Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, the Institute of Instrument Science and Technology, the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology, and the Center for Photonics and Electronics.[158] At the same time, the Department of Precision Instrument has three key laboratories: the State Key Laboratory of Tribology, the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, and the Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System. It also has two national engineering research centers, which are the National Engineering Research Center of Optical Disk and the CIMS National Engineering Research Center.[156]

The Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering

The Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering (IOEE) was established in 1958. It obtained the Chinese government's authorization to offer PhD program in 1981 and the approval to build the post-doctoral research site in 1988. The research of the IOEE covers opto-electronic instruments, precision metrology and measurement, modern optical information processing, the theory and components of binary optics, and the birefringent frequency-splitting lasers. Several famous scientists work in the IOEE, including Professor Guofan Jin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Professor Kegong Zhao, formerly the president of the Chinese National Institute of Metrology.[159][160]

The Institute of Instrument Science and Technology

The Institute of Instrument Science and Technology is the most important institute in the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument Science at Tsinghua University. The institute is equipped with advanced instruments and facilities, and its research has included every major area in modern instrument science and technology. Up to 2012, the institute have produced over 1500 publications, more than 100 patents, and acquired many significant awards.[161]

The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology

The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology is a relatively young institute in the Department of Precision Instrument which was established in 2000, with the intention to "[pursue] excellence in the research and development in the field of high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, as well as in MEMS inertial sensor fields, and to provide advanced training for future scientists and engineers in the field of inertial technology." Its research interests cover high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, MEMS inertial sensors and systems, and precise electro-mechanical control systems and their application. As of 2012, the area of the center is 2900 square meters, including approximately 550 square meters of clean rooms. Equipment and instruments in this center are worth over 50 million RMB (US$7.56 million).[162][failed verification]

The Center for Photonics and Electronics

The center for Photonics and Electronics works on advanced laser and photonic technology. It houses 200 square meters of clean rooms and very modern laser instruments and equipment. The research of this Center covers solid-state laser technology, fiber laser technology, active optics technology, and laser detection technology. The center has published more than published more than 100 scientific papers including 40 indexed by SCI, has 18 national patents, and also frequently exchange visits and academic conferences with foreign scholars.[163]

The SKLT has one central laboratory and four sub-laboratories. It has been awarded numerous awards, including "two National Natural Science Awards, two National Invention Awards, one National Award for Science and Technology Progress, two National Excellent Science Book Awards, 25 awards from ministries or provinces of China, Edmond E. Bisson Award in 2003 from STLE, the 2008 PE Publishing Prize by the Editor and Editorial Board of the Journal of Engineering Tribology." Moreover, China's Ministry of Education recognized the SKLT as one of the creative groups in 2005, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China recognized the SKLT as one of the creative research groups in 2007.[164][165] The TRibology Science Fund of the Key Laboratory of Tribology cooperates with National Natural Science Foundation of China in founding research projects in various applied sciences and technologies.[166][167][168]

Education

[edit]

Currently, there are two disciplines in the Department of Precision Instrument: the discipline of the instrumental science and technology of precision instrument and mechanology and the discipline of optical engineering.[156][169]

There are six teaching laboratories or centers which serve significant roles in undergraduate and graduate education in the Department of Precision Instrument. They are:

  1. The Teaching Lab of Manufacturing Engineering
  2. The CAD Teaching Centre
  3. The Engineering Graphics Teaching Laboratory
  4. The Creative Machine Design Teaching Laboratory
  5. The Experimentation Teaching Center for Measurement and Control Technology
  6. The Teaching Laboratory of Optics and Length Measurement[170][171]

The department provides more than 40 courses of the undergraduate level and 25 courses of the graduate level.[172]

School of Life Sciences

[edit]

School of Life Sciences was first established in 1926 under the name Department of Biology.[173][174][175] Botanist Qian Chongshu took up the first dean.[176]

Old building of the School of Life Sciences, the Tsinghua Biology Hall

During the nationwide reorganization of universities in the early 1950s, the Department of Biology was merged into other universities, namely Peking University etc., resulting in a vacancy in the field of biological research in Tsinghua for almost 30 years.[177]

In June 1984, decisions were made about the reestablishment of the Department of Biology, and the department officially reopened in September. During the reestablishment the Department of Biology of Peking University, the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and many other institutes as well as biologists provided valuable support and help. The department changed its name to the current name in September 2009. As of 2013, structural biologist and foreign associate of National Academy of Sciences of United States[178] Dr. Wang Hongwei (王宏伟) is the current dean of School of Life Sciences. The school currently has 129 professors and employees, around 600 undergraduates (including the candidates of Tsinghua University – Peking Union Medical College joint MD program).[179]

Peking Union Medical College

[edit]
Main article: Peking Union Medical College
The Tsinghua Bell

The Peking Union Medical College was established in 1917 by the Rockefeller Foundation and was modeled on the US medical education system. Tsinghua first established its medical school in 2001 and in 2006, Tsinghua's medical school merged with the Peking Union Medical College renaming it "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University". The school remains the top ranked medical school and general hospital in China according to CUCAS in 2015.[180] The Peking Union Medical College is also the only medical school to be affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. It runs one of the most competitive medical programs in the country, accepting 90 students a year into its 8-year MD program. Students in the 8-year program spend 2.5 years at Tsinghua studying premedical education before moving onto Peking Union Medical College to complete the last 5.5 years in clinical medicine, basic medical education and research.[181]

School of Economics and Management

[edit]
Main article: Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management

The School of Economics and Management dates back to 1926, when Tsinghua University established its Faculty of Economics.[37]

School of Journalism and Communication

[edit]

The Tsinghua School of Journalism and Communication (TSJC) was established in April 2002. Its predecessor was Communication Studies in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature and its establishment of coincides with the development of media increasingly influencing world affairs in a time of fast-growing globalization. The school's research fields include International Communication, Film and Television Studies, New Media Studies, Media Operation and Management, and Business Journalism and are based on comprehensive academic research in journalism and communication theories. The objective of the school is to bring full advantage of Tsinghua University's comprehensive academic structure to Chinese and international media, to construct a first-rate discipline in journalism and communication studies, to cultivate talented professionals in the field and to explore advanced concepts in journalism and communication. The school also offers a two-year graduate program in international business journalism, sponsored by Bloomberg L.P. and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ), that trains talented students and media professionals from around the globe in financial media and corporate communication.[182]

The school has five research-oriented centers to organize and conduct academic research activities. They are: Center for International Communications Studies, Center for New Media Studies, Center for Film and Television Studies, Center for Media Management Studies and Center for Cultural Industry Studies.[182]

School of Law

[edit]
Main article: Tsinghua University School of Law
The Law Library at the Tsinghua University, a branch library of the Tsinghua University Library system

The legal studies at Tsinghua University can be dated back to the "Tsinghua College" era (1911–1929), where many students were sent to universities in western countries for legal studies. Graduating from institutions such as Columbia, Yale, and Harvard, those Tsinghua alumni have played an important role in areas of law and diplomacy. Famous legal scholars Tuan-Sheng Ch'ien,[183] Yan Shutang (燕树棠), Wang Huacheng (王化成), Kung Chuan Hsiao (萧公权),[184] Pu Xuefeng (浦薛凤), Mei Ju'ao (梅汝璈),[185] Xiang Zhejun (向哲浚) and diplomat Tang Yueliang (唐悦良)[186] are all graduates from Tsinghua College or went to study abroad after passing exams in Tsinghua College.[citation needed]

Tsinghua University School of Law was established in 1929 after Tsinghua College was renamed Tsinghua University. Legal education in Tsinghua University at the time focused on international affairs and Chinese legal studies. Courses on political science and economics could also be found on students' curriculum. Before the Japanese army invaded Beijing in 1937, the School of Law developed greatly. Many Chinese legal scholars graduated during that era, including Wang Tieya (王铁崖), Gong Xiangrui (龚祥瑞) and Lou Bangyan (楼邦彦).[187]

In 1952, in response to the government policy of turning Tsinghua University into an engineering-focused university, the law school was dismissed; the faculty were appointed to other universities, including Peking University and Peking College of Political Science and Law (the predecessor of China University of Political Science and Law).[188] Until 1995, there was no formal "school of law" at Tsinghua University, yet courses on law were still taught in Tsinghua University from the early 1980s.[189]

On 8 September 1995, the Tsinghua University Department of Law was formally re-established; on 25 April 1999, the 88th anniversary of Tsinghua University, the university formally changed the department into the "School of Law". The "new" law school inherited the spirit of the "old" law school and has endeavored to add international factors to its students' curriculum. Due to its outstanding faculty members and students, the Tsinghua University School of Law has risen to become one of the leading law schools in China and since 2011,[190] has been consistently ranked as the best or the second-best law school in mainland China by QS World University Rankings.[191]

Graduate School at Shenzhen

[edit]
Main article: Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School
A main building that was built in the 1950s

The Graduate School at Shenzhen was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government. The school is directly affiliated with Tsinghua University in Beijing. The campus is located in the University Town of Shenzhen since 18 October 2003.[192] The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government for cultivating top level professionals and carrying out scientific and technological innovations.[193][194][195] The academic divisions are the following:

  • Division of Life Science and Health
  • Division of Energy and Environment
  • Division of Information Science and Technology
  • Division of Logistics and Transportation
  • Division of Advanced Manufacturing
  • Division of Social Sciences and Management
  • Division of Ocean Science and Technology[196][197]

Campus

[edit]
The Second Gate is a landmark on the Tsinghua University campus
The Mechanical Engineering Hall

The campus of Tsinghua University is located in northwest Beijing, in the Haidian district.[198][199] Tsinghua University's campus was named one of the most beautiful college campuses in the world by a panel of architects and campus designers in Forbes in 2010;[200] it was the only university in Asia on the list.[201][202]

Numerous architects were involved in the designing of buildings on the campus. American architect Henry Killam Murphy (1877–1954), a Yale graduate, designed early buildings such as the Grand Auditorium, the Roosevelt Memorial Gymnasium, the Science Building and the east side of the Old Library.[203] Yang Tingbao designed the Observatory, the Life Sciences building, the Mingzhai of the student dormitory buildings and the middle and west side of the Old Library. Shen Liyuan designed the Mechanical Engineering Hall, the Chemistry Hall and the Aviation Hall. T. Chuang, a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, helped design the campus grounds of the Tsinghua University with influences of Neoclassical and Palladian architectural styles and architectures.[204] Other notable 20th-century Chinese architects such as Li Daozeng, Zhou Weiquan, Wang Guoyu and Guan Zhaoye have all designed various buildings on the Tsinghua University campus.

The university's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology is on a separate campus in a northern suburb of Beijing.[205]

The Tsinghua History Museum covers a construction area of 5,060 m2.[206] A collection of old documents, pictures, artworks, maps, graphics, videos and music tells the visitors the history of Tsinghua University. The exhibition also pays tribute to the people who contributed to the development of the institution. The university also operates its own art museum, the Tsinghua University Art Museum, which derives its collection from the university's Academy of Arts & Design since 1956.

  • Entrance to "工 Shape Hall", the former Qing Prince's Mansion and the current office of the president
    Entrance to "工 Shape Hall", the former Qing Prince's Mansion and the current office of the president
  • Sculptural artworks on the campus
    Sculptural artworks on the campus
  • Tsinghua campus scenery
    Tsinghua campus scenery
  • A teaching and protected heritage building (the former Tsinghua College)
    A teaching and protected heritage building (the former Tsinghua College)
  • The Old Library building of the Tsinghua University Library
    The Old Library building of the Tsinghua University Library
  • A Qing dynasty Jinchun Garden on the Tsinghua University campus
    A Qing dynasty Jinchun Garden on the Tsinghua University campus
  • A pathway in the campus
    A pathway in the campus
  • Zeng Xianzi Building
    Zeng Xianzi Building
  • The old Science Building
    The old Science Building
  • A building from the old student dormitory
    A building from the old student dormitory
  • The Shengyinyuan, built in 1946, contains numerous residential houses for the faculty
    The Shengyinyuan, built in 1946, contains numerous residential houses for the faculty
  • Hydraulic Experiment Hall
    Hydraulic Experiment Hall
  • The old Electrical Engineering Hall
    The old Electrical Engineering Hall
  • The old Chemistry Hall
    The old Chemistry Hall

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: People associated with Tsinghua University

Notable alumni

[edit]

Tsinghua University has produced many notable graduates, especially in political sphere, academic field and industry.[207] Forbes has referred to Tsinghua as China's "power factory", citing the amount of senior Chinese politicians the university has produced.[208]

President of China Xi Jinping (Chemical Engineering 1979)
Former president of China Hu Jintao (Hydraulic Engineering 1964)
Former premier of China Zhu Rongji (Electrical Engineering 1951)

Notable alumni who have held senior positions in Chinese politics include current general secretary and president of China, Xi Jinping,[209] former general secretary and president of China Hu Jintao,[210] former chairman of the National People's Congress Wu Bangguo,[211] former premier Zhu Rongji,[212] and the former first vice premier Huang Ju.[213] This also includes politicians like Wu Guanzheng,[214] former governor of the People's Bank of China Zhou Xiaochuan,[215] former minister of finance Lou Jiwei,[216] general Sun Li-jen, Liang Qichao,[217] and more. Since 2016, Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities.[218]

Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureate Yang Chen Ning,[219] who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with Tsung-Dao Lee on parity nonconservation of weak interaction; mathematician and winner of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics Shiing-Shen Chern,[220] biologist Min Chueh Chang,[221] theoretical physicist Zhou Peiyuan, astronomer Zhang Yuzhe, Leslie Ying, professor at the University at Buffalo and Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,[222] James G. Dwyer Professor of Mechanical Engineering Qingyan Chen,[223] architect and general director at the Beijing branch of the ISA Internationales Stadtbauatelier Yajin Zhang,[224] Jianhua Lu,[225] anthropologist Fei Xiaotong, sociologist and ethnologist Wu Wenzao, political scientist K. C. Hsiao,[226] and Pan Guangdan.

Tsinghua is known for having educated the most billionaires of any university in China, and since 2017 counts 152 billionaires amongst its alumni.[227] These include billionaires Sun Hongbin (real estate),[228] chairman of Goertek Jiang Bin (components),[229] Xu Hang (medical devices),[230] and Zhang Zetian (e-commerce),[231] among others.

Notable alumni in the arts and poetry include author Qian Zhongshu,[232] Wen Yiduo, painter Xinyi Cheng, historian and poet Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke, and architect Xu Tiantian.[217]

Tsinghua clique

[edit]
Main article: Tsinghua clique

The term Tsinghua clique refers to a group of Chinese Communist Party politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University. They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership, and are purported to hold reformist and hesitantly pro-democratic ideas (a number have studied in the United States following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang). In the PRC, their ascendance to power began in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.[233]

See also

[edit]

Note

[edit]
  1. ^ Purple represents the college without an undergraduate.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 学校沿革 (in Simplified Chinese). Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 30 August 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  2. ^ "General Information". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Facts and Figures: Tsinghua University". Tsinghua University. December 2019. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d "Facts and Figures: Tsinghua University". Tsinghua University. December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  5. ^ Tsinghua University (3 March 2016). 清華大學章程 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: Tsinghua University Alumni Association. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017. 校花为紫荆花(Cercis chinensis)及丁香花(紫丁香Syringa oblata、白丁香Syringa oblate Var.alba)。
  6. ^ 清华大学章程 [Tsinghua University Regulations] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  7. ^ 清华大学百年校庆组织委员会办公室 (2010). 校标、校徽、校色. 清华大学百年校庆网 (in Chinese). Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 29 November 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  8. ^ "General Information". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  9. ^ a b "学校沿革-清华大学". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  10. ^ "History". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  11. ^ Su-Yan Pan (2009). University autonomy, the state, and social change in China. Hong Kong University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-962-209-936-4.
  12. ^ "Tsinghua Motto: Carved on every Tsinghua People". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  13. ^ 王小石 (24 December 2014). 美国退还庚子赔款的真相. 紫网在线 (in Chinese). 西征网. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
  14. ^ 黄延复 (2005). 清华园风物志 (in Chinese). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. pp. 20–23. ISBN 978-730-21155-4-0. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  15. ^ 国立清华大学. 校史：北京清华时期 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 国立清华大学官网. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
  16. ^ 校史概略. 清华周刊 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)) (13–14): 1–3. 1934.
  17. ^ 吴清军 (18 August 2014). 清华传奇. 南文博雅. pp. 3–4. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  18. ^ "History". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  19. ^ 《新清华》编辑部. 图说清华抗战那些事儿（二）辗转西南，离乱弦歌不辍. 清华新闻网 (in Chinese). 清华大学党委宣传部 [Tsinghua University CCP Committee Department of Propaganda]. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  20. ^ 方惠坚，张思敬 (2001). 清华大学志（下册）[M] (in Chinese). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. pp. 677–698. ISBN 7-302-04319-1.
  21. ^ 國立清華大學圖書館. 校史：西南联大时期. 國立清華大學數位校史館 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 国立清华大学. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
  22. ^ 金富军 (7 March 2009). 复员之后的国立清华大学. 清華大學新聞網 (in Chinese). 清华大学校史研究室 [Tsinghua University Office of university research]. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
  23. ^ 梅贻琦 (1994). 复原后之清华. 清华大学史料选编. 4. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press: 33.
  24. ^ 金富军 (7 March 2009). 清华校史连载之十一：迎接中华人民共和国诞生 (in Chinese). 清华大学校史研究室 [Tsinghua University Office of university research]. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
  25. ^ 国立清华大学校史：新竹清华时期. 國立清華大學數位校史館 (in Chinese). 国立清华大学. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
  26. ^ 方惠坚，张思敬 (2001). 清华大学志（下册）[M] (in Chinese). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. pp. 698–701. ISBN 7-302-04319-1.
  27. ^ 史 轩 (29 October 2008). 清华校史连载之十二：面向工业化建设的院系调整. 清华新闻网. 清华大学校史研究室 [Tsinghua University Office of university research]. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  28. ^ "Tsinghua University". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  29. ^ a b c Doyon, Jérôme (2023). Rejuvenating Communism: Youth Organizations and Elite Renewal in Post-Mao China. University of Michigan Press. doi:10.3998/mpub.12291596. ISBN 978-0-472-90294-1.
  30. ^ Marquis, Christopher; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022). Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 179. doi:10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k. ISBN 978-0-300-26883-6. JSTOR j.ctv3006z6k. OCLC 1348572572. S2CID 253067190.
  31. ^ Mullaney, Thomas S. (2024). The Chinese Computer: a Global History of the Information Age. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262047517.
  32. ^ 霞飞 (22 November 2012). 红卫兵"五大领袖"浮沉录之二：蒯大富. 党史博采纪实. ISSN 1006-8031. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016.
  33. ^ 纪希晨 (2001). 史无前例的年代: 一位人民日报老记者的笔记 (in Chinese). Beijing: 人民日报出版社. p. 66. ISBN 7-80153-370-4. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  34. ^ 方惠坚，张思敬 (2001). 清华大学志（下册）（M） (in Chinese). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. pp. 781–785. ISBN 7-302-04319-1.
  35. ^ a b Xu, Youwei; Wang, Y. Yvon (2022). Everyday Lives in China's Cold War Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964–1988. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 238. ISBN 9783030996871.
  36. ^ 王大中. 建设世界一流大学的战略思考与实践——在一流大学建设的理论与实践学术研讨会上的讲话. 北京清华大学 (in Chinese). 中国学术期刊. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
  37. ^ a b "Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management-Our History". Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  38. ^ "LL.M. in Beijing, China – Temple Law". Temple University Beasley School of Law. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  39. ^ [1] Archived 27 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ "Tsinghua University". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  41. ^ "Inauguration Ceremony for Newly Named Peking Union Medical College， Tsinghua University". News.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  42. ^ "Springer Nature and Tsinghua University Press present the fourth Nano Research Award". springer.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  43. ^ "Tsinghua University Press". publons.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  44. ^ "Undergraduate-Tsinghua University". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  45. ^ "Tsinghua University". Top Universities. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  46. ^ 清华大学新雅书院. Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  47. ^ "ACUC: Let students take upon the leading roles in educational reforming-Tsinghua University". tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  48. ^ "本科生课程咨询委员会：上什么课怎么上 学生来提议-清华大学". tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  49. ^ "清华大学本科生课程咨询委员会是一个什么样的组织？ – ApplySquare". applysquare.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  50. ^ "清华今年起改革学业评价体系 以等级代替百分制-新华网". 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  51. ^ ""写作与沟通"将成清华本科生必修课". 4 April 2019. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  52. ^ "无游泳，不毕业——游泳课践行清华体育精神-清华大学". tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  53. ^ "北大清华互选课程升级的启示-清华大学". tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  54. ^ "毕业生办理成绩单、证书制作件流程-清华大学教务处". tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  55. ^ "郑力参加本科生课程咨询委员会2021–2022学年度第一次正式会议-清华大学". tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  56. ^ 清华苏世民书院：以培养未来世界领袖为目标 打造国际化人才. 清华新闻网. 新華教育. 10 May 2016. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  57. ^ 黑石创始人苏世民对华捐3亿美元办学. 腾讯财经9. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  58. ^ Usher, Alex (1 October 2017). "Some Notes on the Finances of Top Chinese Universities". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  59. ^ Yang, Yuan (17 August 2018). "China's Tsinghua University linked to cyber espionage, study claims". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  60. ^ "China's ruling party takes direct control of country's universities". Radio Free Asia. 18 January 2024. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  61. ^ 院系设置. 清华大学 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  62. ^ "Tsinghua University organization". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  63. ^ "Association of Pacific Rim Universities Members". APRU. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  64. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy Partners". Global. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  65. ^ "Membership – AEARU: The Association of East Asian Research Universities". aearu.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  66. ^ "Members". Cluster. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  67. ^ University of Cambridge. "Low Carbon Energy University Alliance: Tsinghua University, University of Cambridge and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)". martincentre.arct.cam.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  68. ^ "Tsinghua, Cambridge and MIT Alliance for Low Carbon Energy-Tsinghua University News". news.tsinghua.edu.cn. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  69. ^ Fu, Yiqin (19 June 2013). "China's Unfair College Admissions System". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  70. ^ "China's B-School Boom". BusinessWeek. 9 January 2006. Archived from the original on 16 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  71. ^ "Overview". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  72. ^ "清华积极建设国军标质量管理体系 - 清华大学新闻网". 19 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  73. ^ "2019 Xiamen University Intellectual Property Summer School". Xiamen university institute of intellectual property rights. 16 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  74. ^ "科研机构-清华大学". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  75. ^ "ARWU World University Rankings 2024 – Academic Ranking of World Universities 2024 – Top 1000 universities – Shanghai Ranking – 2024". Shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  76. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2025". 5 June 2024. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  77. ^ "QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022". Top Universities. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  78. ^ "World University Rankings 2023". 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  79. ^ "World Reputation Rankings 2023". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  80. ^ "2024–2025 Best Global Universities Rankings". Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  81. ^ "ARWU World University Rankings 2023 – Academic Ranking of World Universities 2023 – Top 1000 universities – Shanghai Ranking – 2023". Shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  82. ^ "QS University Rankings: Asia 2023". Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  83. ^ "QS University Rankings: BRICS 2019". Top Universities. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Asia University Rankings 2023". 13 June 2023. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  85. ^ "Emerging Economies University Rankings 2022". 15 October 2021. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  86. ^ "2024–2025 Best Global Universities in Asia". Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  87. ^ "2023 Best Chinese Universities Ranking". shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  88. ^ "QS Mainland China University Rankings". 25 August 2018. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  89. ^ "Asia University Rankings 2023". 13 June 2023. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  90. ^ "Best Global Universities in China (2024–25)". Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  91. ^ "Tsinghua University ranked No 1 in Asia-Pacific in first for China". South China Morning Post. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  92. ^ "Asia University Rankings 2020". 16 September 2020. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  93. ^ "Best universities in the emerging economies: top 100". Times Higher Education (THE). 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  94. ^ "World University Rankings 2023 Indicator Scores Performance". Times Higher Education (THE). 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  95. ^ "World Reputation Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  96. ^ "UNITAR & Partners co-host launch of the 'World's Universities with Real Impact' (WURI) Ranking". UNITAR. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  97. ^ "WURI Ranking 2020". Hanseatic League of Universities. 12 June 2020. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  98. ^ "QS University Rankings: BRICS". Quacquarelli Symonds. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  99. ^ "Graduate Employability Rankings 2016". Top Universities. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017.
  100. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2021". Top Universities. 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  101. ^ "QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2020". 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  102. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  103. ^ "U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings: 2024–2025 Best Global Universities". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  104. ^ "Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities 2023". research.unsw.edu.au. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  105. ^ "University Rankings 2021". scimagoir.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  106. ^ "2022 tables: Institutions – academic | Annual tables | Nature Index". natureindex.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  107. ^ Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. "CWTS Leiden Ranking". CWTS Leiden Ranking. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  108. ^ Parr, Chris (19 November 2024). "China increases share of highly cited researchers as US declines". Research Professional News. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  109. ^ "Tsinghua University". Times Higher Education (THE). 19 October 2021. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  110. ^ "By subject". Times Higher Education (THE). Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  111. ^ "Top Engineering in the World | US News Education". Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  112. ^ a b "U.S. News & World Report Tsinghua University in China". US News. 25 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  113. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020 | Shanghai Ranking – 2020". shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  114. ^ "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024". QS World University Rankings. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  115. ^ "World University Rankings by subject". Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  116. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  117. ^ 機構設置. 清华大学歷史系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  118. ^ 王晓珊. 清华大学出版社外语分社:充分借助清华资源 让科技引领外语教学. China Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  119. ^ 联系我们. 清华大学中文系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  120. ^ 機構設置. 清华大学哲学系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  121. ^ 社会学系工作和学习环境. 清华大学社會學系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  122. ^ 地址北京市海淀区清华大学伟清楼. 清华大学心理學系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  123. ^ 地址北京市海淀区清华大学明斋. 清华大学政治學系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  124. ^ 學校各部門電話 (in Chinese (China)). Tsinghua University Institute of Social Sciences. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  125. ^ 联系方式. 清华大学经济管理学院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  126. ^ 行政办公信息. 清华大学电子工程系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  127. ^ 联系方式 (原始页面仅清華校内网访问). 清华大学信息技术研究院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 办公地点:清华大学信息科学技术大楼（100084）
  128. ^ 朱曉光 (2013). 清華之旅 (in Chinese). Beijing: 浙江人民出版社. p. 155. ISBN 9787213045462.
  129. ^ 朱文一 (1 October 2010). 中國大學校園指南清華大學 (in Chinese). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. p. 60. ISBN 9787302239987.
  130. ^ 院系概况. 清华大学网络科学与网络空间研究院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  131. ^ 联系方式. 清华大学网络科学与网络空间研究院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  132. ^ "Campus Tour". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  133. ^ 院系介紹. 清华大学美術學院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  134. ^ 化学系介绍. 清华大学化学系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  135. ^ 联系方式. 清华大学地球系统科学研究中心 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  136. ^ 清华大学物理系地址. 清华大学物理系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  137. ^ 2016年"清华大学丘成桐中学生数学夏令营"报名通知. 清华大学科学系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  138. ^ a b c d e f 有這樣一種方式可以留名清華. 蛋蛋赞 (in Chinese). 14 September 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  139. ^ 历史沿革. 清华大学水利水电工程系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  140. ^ 环境学院院馆（中意清华环境节能楼）位置示意图. 清华大学環境學院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  141. ^ 联系我们. 清华大学新闻与传播学院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  142. ^ 联系我们. 清华大学法学院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  143. ^ 管理机构. 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  144. ^ 本科专业 (in Chinese). 清华大学. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  145. ^ 蒙民伟科技大楼 (in Simplified Chinese). Tsinghua University. 23 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  146. ^ 行政机构. 清华大学工业工程系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  147. ^ 本科生教务. 清华大学汽车工程系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  148. ^ 本系地圖. 清华大学热能工程系 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  149. ^ 联系我们. 清华大学医学院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  150. ^ 关于我们学院概况. 清华大学药学院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  151. ^ 本科生概况(姚班). 清华大学交叉信息研究院 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  152. ^ 地址：清华大学材料学院 逸夫技术科学楼. 清华大学材料学院 (in Chinese). 19 June 2010. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  153. ^ 清华生命科学馆（伟伦馆）落成. 中新社 (in Chinese). 19 June 2000. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  154. ^ 崔丽 (1 November 2013). 清华大学思政课因材施教"读历史 搞创作". 中国青年报. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  155. ^ a b "Introduction-清华工业工程系英文". Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  156. ^ a b c "Department of Precision Instrument: Introduction". Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  157. ^ "Department of Precision Instrument: Dean's Message". Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  158. ^ "Department of Precision Instrument: Research Institute". Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  159. ^ "Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University". Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  160. ^ "Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University". 3 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  161. ^ "The Institute of Instrument Science and Technonoly". Archived from the original on 29 May 2016.
  162. ^ "Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology". Archived from the original on 29 May 2016.
  163. ^ "Center for Photonics and Electronics". Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  164. ^ "State Key Laboratory of Tribology". 3 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. SKLT is awarded as the creative group by Ministry of Education in 2005, and the creative research group by National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2007.
  165. ^ "State Key Laboratory of Tribology". Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  166. ^ Advanced Tribology: Proceedings of CIST2008 & ITS-IFToMM2008. Springer Science & Business Media. 16 July 2010. p. 502. ISBN 9783642036538. OCLC 1227270267. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  167. ^ Liang, Steven Y (3 March 2016). Energy And Mechanical Engineering – Proceedings Of 2015 International. World Scientific. p. 847. ISBN 9789814749510. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  168. ^ Erdemir, Ali; Martin, Jean-Michel; Luo, Jianbin (22 September 2020). Superlubricity. Elsevier. p. 354. ISBN 9780444643148. OCLC 1198218291. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  169. ^ Boqian Sun; Shunyue Wang; Haixia Li; Xiaoxia He (20 October 2016). "Decoupling Control of Micromachined Spinning-Rotor Gyroscope with Electrostatic Suspension". Sensors. 16 (10): 1747. Bibcode:2016Senso..16.1747S. doi:10.3390/s16101747. PMC 5087532. PMID 27775624.
  170. ^ "Department of Precision Instrument: teaching laboratories". Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  171. ^ "科研机构-清华大学". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  172. ^ "Department of Precision Instrument: Education: Introduction". Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  173. ^ "Dean'smessagr". Archived from the original on 29 September 2020.
  174. ^ Li Han. "Tsinghua Opens School of Life Sciences". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  175. ^ "The School of Life Sciences at Pekin University (PKU". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  176. ^ De-Yuan Hong; Stephen Blackmore (23 April 2015). The Plants of China. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9781107070172. OCLC 928836744. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  177. ^ "School History-清华大学生命学院". life.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  178. ^ "Yigong Shi". Nasonline.org. 9 November 2011. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  179. ^ "教职员工-清华大学生命科学学院". life.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  180. ^ "2015 China Medical University Ranking". CUCAS. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  181. ^ Wang, Zhao; Yin, Zhuo; Wei, Yong-bao; Liu, Long-fei; Yang, Jin-rui (6 February 2015). "The expansion of 8-year medical training programs in China: a status report". Medical Education Online. 20: 25890. doi:10.3402/meo.v20.25890. ISSN 1087-2981. PMC 4320996. PMID 25661499.
  182. ^ a b "TSJC in brief". Tsjc.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  183. ^ Zhao, Baoxu (7 August 2014). To Build a Harmonious World: Ideal of Traditional Chinese Thinking. China Academic Library. Springer. p. 96. ISBN 9783662438534. OCLC 887268220. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  184. ^ Boehm, Eric H. (1985). "America, History and Life". America: History and Life on Disc. Clio Press: 511. ISSN 0002-7065. OCLC 1479243. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  185. ^ The China Weekly Review. Vol. 103. Millard Publishing House. 1946. OCLC 9189590. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  186. ^ 清华大学法学院. Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  187. ^ 清华大学法学院. Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  188. ^ 清华大学法学院. Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  189. ^ "学院的历史沿革-清华大学法学院". law.tsinghua.edu.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022. After 1978, the country began to attach importance to legal system construction and legal education. Since the early 1980s, Tsinghua University has been conducting legal education in the whole school and has received good results.
  190. ^ "学院的历史沿革-清华大学法学院". law.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  191. ^ "Law". Topuniversities.com. 2 March 2017. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  192. ^ "Overview of Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University". Sz.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  193. ^ "Tsinghua SIGS Launched in Shenzhen". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  194. ^ "About UTSZ". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  195. ^ "singhua Shenzhen International Graduate School (Tsinghua SIGS)". Archived from the original on 25 November 2020.
  196. ^ "Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University". Sz.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  197. ^ "n13 about life banner". Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  198. ^ "Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management". Archived from the original on 25 January 2021.
  199. ^ "Tsinghua University". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  200. ^ "Yale named among world's 'most beautiful campuses'". Opa.yale.edu. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  201. ^ "Forbes Magazine lists University of Cincinnati among world's most beautiful college campuses". Magazine.uc.edu. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  202. ^ le Draoulec, Pascale (1 March 2010). "The World's Most Beautiful College Campuses". Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
  203. ^ Hong, Yan (1 December 2016). "Shanghai College: An architectural history of the campus designed by Henry K. Murphy". Frontiers of Architectural Research. 5 (4): 466–476. doi:10.1016/j.foar.2016.07.002.
  204. ^ Melissa Mitchell (15 February 2007). "Global partnership aims to train 'exceptional' professional". UIUC News Service. Archived from the original on 14 May 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
  205. ^ "Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology celebrates its 60th anniversary". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
  206. ^ See the Tsinghua opens New Tsinghua Xue Tang and University History Museum Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  207. ^ 骆昌威 (1 April 2011). 千余清华校友欢聚华南贺母校百年大庆 (in Chinese). Tsinghua University News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  208. ^ "Power Factories – Tsinghua University". Forbes. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  209. ^ Viktor, Eszterhai (22 November 2017). "Xi Jinping – a Leader's Profile". PAGEO Geopolitical Institute. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  210. ^ Research, CNN Editorial (20 December 2012). "Hu Jintao Fast Facts". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  211. ^ "Wu Bangguo – Chairman of NPC Standing Committee". China Daily. 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  212. ^ Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China. Song, Yuwu. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. 2013. p. 429. ISBN 978-1-4766-0298-1. OCLC 852898958. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  213. ^ "The Rise of a New Tsinghua Clique in Chinese Politics". China-US Focus. 2015. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  214. ^ "吴官正简历-中国法院网" [Wu Guanzheng – CV]. China Court. 2002. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  215. ^ "Biography of Zhou Xiaochuan". China Vitae. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  216. ^ "Lou Jiwei, Chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund and Former Minister of Finance, to Speak at Tsinghua SEM Commencement 2017". Tsinghua University. 2017. Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  217. ^ a b "The Two Scholars Who Haunt Tsinghua University". China Heritage. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  218. ^ 哪所大学培养的政治局常委最多？. 中国青年报. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  219. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957, Chen Ning Yang Biographical". Nobel Prize Organisation. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  220. ^ "Shiing-shen Chern | American mathematician". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  221. ^ Books, Market House Books Market House (1 January 2003), Books, Market House (ed.), "Chang, Min Chueh", A Dictionary of Scientists, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780192800862.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-280086-2, archived from the original on 5 March 2022, retrieved 20 January 2021
  222. ^ "Leslie Ying". University of Buffalo. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  223. ^ "Qingyan (Yan) Chen". Purdue University. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  224. ^ "Managing Partner of ISA Internationales Stadtbauatelier in Beijing, China". stadtbauatelier.de. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  225. ^ "Lu Jianhua". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  226. ^ Censorship of historical thought: a world guide, 1945–2000. 1 September 2002.
  227. ^ "Top 10 Chinese universities with most billionaire alumni". China Daily. 2017. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  228. ^ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Sun Hongbin". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  229. ^ "Jiang Bin". Forbes. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  230. ^ "Xu Hang". Forbes. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  231. ^ ""Milk Tea Girl" Admitted To Prestigious Tsinghua University". chinaSMACK. 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  232. ^ "Center for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, Tsinghua University". Tsinghua University. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  233. ^ Bo, Zhiyue (2007). China's elite politics: political transition and power balancing. World Scientific. ISBN 9789812700414. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
[edit]

Media related to Tsinghua University at Wikimedia Commons

Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_University
10 views |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF