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UEFA Champions League

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 36 min
"European Champions League" and "European Cup" redirect here. For other uses, see Champions League (disambiguation) and European Cup (disambiguation).
This article is about the men's competition. For the women's competition, see UEFA Women's Champions League.
"UEFA CL" redirects here. For the third tier competition, see UEFA Conference League.

UEFA Champions League
Organising bodyUEFA
Founded1955; 69 years ago (1955)
(rebranded in 1992)
RegionEurope
Number of teams
  • 36 (league phase)
  • 81 (total)
Qualifier for
Related competitions
Current championsSpain Real Madrid (15th title)
Most successful club(s)Spain Real Madrid (15 titles)
Television broadcastersList of broadcasters
Websiteuefa.com/uefachampionsleague
2024–25 UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League (abbreviated as UCL) is an annual club association football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) that is contested by top-division European clubs. The competition begins with a round robin league phase to qualify for the double-legged knockout rounds, and a single-leg final. It is the most-watched club competition in the world and the third most-watched football competition overall, behind only the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup. It is one of the most prestigious football tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football, played by the national league champions (and, for some nations, one or more runners-up) of their national associations.

Introduced in 1955 as the Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens (French for European Champion Clubs' Cup), and commonly known as the European Cup, it was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champions of Europe's domestic leagues, with its winner reckoned as the European club champion. The competition took on its current name in 1992, adding a round-robin group stage in 1991 and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries since the 1997–98 season.[1] While only the winners of many of Europe's national leagues can enter the competition, the top 5 leagues by coefficient provide four teams each by default,[2] with a possibility for additional spots based on performance during the previous season.[3][4] Clubs that finish below the qualifying spots are eligible for the second-tier UEFA Europa League competition, and since 2021, for the third-tier UEFA Conference League.[5]

In its present format, the Champions League begins in early July with three qualifying rounds and a play-off round, all played over two legs. The seven surviving teams enter the league phase, joining 29 teams qualified in advance. The 36 teams each play eight opponents, four home and four away. The 24 highest-ranked teams proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in late May or early June.[6] The winner of the Champions League automatically qualifies for the following year's Champions League, the UEFA Super Cup, and the FIFA Club World Cup.[7][8]

Spanish clubs have the most victories (20 wins), followed by England (15 wins) and Italy (12 wins). England has the most winning teams, with six clubs having won the title. The competition has been won by 23 clubs and 13 of them have won it more than once.[9] Real Madrid is the most successful club in the tournament's history, having won it 15 times. Madrid is the only club to have won it five times in a row (the first five editions).[10] Only one club has won all of their matches in a single tournament en route to the tournament victory: Bayern Munich in the 2019–20 season.[11] Real Madrid is the current European champion, having beaten Borussia Dortmund 2–0 in the 2024 final for their fifteenth title. The first British team to win the trophy was Celtic, winning it in 1967 over Inter Milan.

History

[edit]
Main article: History of the European Cup and UEFA Champions League
See also: List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals
Winners
European Cup / UEFA Champions League
Season Winners
European Cup
1955–56 Spain Real Madrid (1)
1956–57 Spain Real Madrid (2)
1957–58 Spain Real Madrid (3)
1958–59 Spain Real Madrid (4)
1959–60 Spain Real Madrid (5)
1960–61 Portugal Benfica (1)
1961–62 Portugal Benfica (2)
1962–63 Italy Milan (1)
1963–64 Italy Inter Milan (1)
1964–65 Italy Inter Milan (2)
1965–66 Spain Real Madrid (6)
1966–67 Scotland Celtic  (1)
1967–68 England Manchester United (1)
1968–69 Italy Milan (2)
1969–70 Netherlands Feyenoord (1)
1970–71 Netherlands Ajax (1)
1971–72 Netherlands Ajax (2)
1972–73 Netherlands Ajax (3)
1973–74 West Germany Bayern Munich (1)
1974–75 West Germany Bayern Munich (2)
1975–76 West Germany Bayern Munich (3)
1976–77 England Liverpool (1)
1977–78 England Liverpool (2)
1978–79 England Nottingham Forest (1)
1979–80 England Nottingham Forest (2)
1980–81 England Liverpool (3)
1981–82 England Aston Villa (1)
1982–83 West Germany Hamburger SV (1)
1983–84 England Liverpool (4)
1984–85 Italy Juventus (1)
1985–86 Romania Steaua București  (1)
1986–87 Portugal Porto (1)
1987–88 Netherlands PSV Eindhoven  (1)
1988–89 Italy Milan (3)
1989–90 Italy Milan (4)
1990–91 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Red Star Belgrade (1)
1991–92 Spain Barcelona (1)
UEFA Champions League
1992–93 France Marseille  (1)
1993–94 Italy Milan (5)
1994–95 Netherlands Ajax (4)
1995–96 Italy Juventus (2)
1996–97 Germany Borussia Dortmund (1)
1997–98 Spain Real Madrid (7)
1998–99 England Manchester United (2)
1999–2000 Spain Real Madrid (8)
2000–01 Germany Bayern Munich (4)
2001–02 Spain Real Madrid (9)
2002–03 Italy Milan (6)
2003–04 Portugal Porto (2)
2004–05 England Liverpool (5)
2005–06 Spain Barcelona (2)
2006–07 Italy Milan (7)
2007–08 England Manchester United (3)
2008–09 Spain Barcelona (3)
2009–10 Italy Inter Milan (3)
2010–11 Spain Barcelona (4)
2011–12 England Chelsea (1)
2012–13 Germany Bayern Munich (5)
2013–14 Spain Real Madrid (10)
2014–15 Spain Barcelona (5)
2015–16 Spain Real Madrid (11)
2016–17 Spain Real Madrid (12)
2017–18 Spain Real Madrid (13)
2018–19 England Liverpool (6)
2019–20 Germany Bayern Munich (6)
2020–21 England Chelsea (2)
2021–22 Spain Real Madrid (14)
2022–23 England Manchester City (1)
2023–24 Spain Real Madrid (15)

The first time the champions of two European leagues met was in what was nicknamed the 1895 World Championship, when English champions Sunderland beat Scottish champions Heart of Midlothian 5–3.[12] The first pan-European tournament was the Challenge Cup, a competition between clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[13] Three years later, in 1900, the champions of Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland, which were the only existing leagues in continental Europe at the time, participated in the Coupe Van der Straeten Ponthoz, thus being dubbed as the "club championship of the continent" by the local newspapers.[14][15]

The Mitropa Cup, a competition modelled after the Challenge Cup, was created in 1927, an idea of Austrian Hugo Meisl, and played between Central European clubs.[16] In 1930, the Coupe des Nations (French: Nations Cup), the first attempt to create a cup for national champion clubs of Europe, was played and organised by Swiss club Servette.[17] Held in Geneva, it brought together ten champions from across the continent. The tournament was won by Újpest of Hungary.[17] Latin European nations came together to form the Latin Cup in 1949.[18]

After receiving reports from his journalists over the highly successful South American Championship of Champions of 1948, Gabriel Hanot, editor of L'Équipe, began proposing the creation of a continent-wide tournament.[19] In interviews, Jacques Ferran (one of the founders of the European Champions Cup, together with Gabriel Hanot),[20] said that the South American Championship of Champions was the inspiration for the European Champions Cup.[21] After Stan Cullis declared Wolverhampton Wanderers "Champions of the World" following a successful run of friendlies in the 1950s, in particular a 3–2 friendly victory against Budapest Honvéd, Hanot finally managed to convince UEFA to put into practice such a tournament.[1] It was conceived in Paris in 1955 as the European Champion Clubs' Cup.[1]

1955–1967: Beginnings

[edit]
Alfredo Di Stéfano (pictured in 1959) led Real Madrid to five consecutive European Cup titles between 1956 and 1960.

The first European Cup took place during the 1955–56 season.[22][23] Sixteen teams participated (some by invitation): AC Milan (Italy), AGF Aarhus (Denmark), Anderlecht (Belgium), Djurgården (Sweden), Gwardia Warszawa (Poland), Hibernian (Scotland), Partizan (Yugoslavia), PSV Eindhoven (Netherlands), Rapid Wien (Austria), Real Madrid (Spain), Rot-Weiss Essen (West Germany), Saarbrücken (Saar), Servette (Switzerland), Sporting CP (Portugal), Reims (France) and Vörös Lobogó (Hungary).[22][23]

The first European Cup match took place on 4 September 1955, and ended in a 3–3 draw between Sporting CP and Partizan.[22][23] The first goal in European Cup history was scored by João Baptista Martins of Sporting CP.[22][23] The inaugural final took place at the Parc des Princes between Stade de Reims and Real Madrid on 13 June 1956.[22][23][24] The Spanish squad came back from behind to win 4–3 thanks to goals from Alfredo Di Stéfano and Marquitos, as well as two goals from Héctor Rial.[22][23][24] Real Madrid successfully defended the trophy next season in their home stadium, the Santiago Bernabéu, against Fiorentina.[25][26] After a scoreless first half, Real Madrid scored twice in six minutes to defeat the Italians.[24][25][26] In 1958, Milan failed to capitalise after going ahead on the scoreline twice, only for Real Madrid to equalise.[27][28] The final, held in Heysel Stadium, went to extra time where Francisco Gento scored the game-winning goal to allow Real Madrid to retain the title for the third consecutive season.[24][27][28]

In a rematch of the first final, Real Madrid faced Stade Reims at the Neckarstadion for the 1959 final, and won 2–0.[24][29][30] West German side Eintracht Frankfurt became the first team not to compete in the Latin cup to reach the European Cup final.[18][31][32] The 1960 final holds the record for the most goals scored, with Real Madrid beating Eintracht Frankfurt 7–3 at Hampden Park, courtesy of four goals by Ferenc Puskás and a hat-trick by Alfredo Di Stéfano.[24][31][32] This was Real Madrid's fifth consecutive title, a record that still stands today.[9]

Real Madrid's reign ended in the 1960–61 season when bitter rivals Barcelona dethroned them in the first round.[33][34] Barcelona were defeated in the final by Portuguese side Benfica 3–2 at the Wankdorf Stadium.[33][34][35] Reinforced by Eusébio, Benfica defeated Real Madrid 5–3 at the Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam and kept the title for a second consecutive season.[35][36][37] Benfica wanted to repeat Real Madrid's successful run of the 1950s after reaching the showpiece event of the 1962–63 European Cup, but a brace from Brazilian-Italian José Altafini at Wembley gave the spoils to Milan, making the trophy leave the Iberian Peninsula for the first time ever.[38][39][40]

Inter Milan beat an ageing Real Madrid 3–1 at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion to win the 1963–64 season and replicate their local-rival's success.[41][42][43] The title stayed in Milan for the third year in a row after Inter beat Benfica 1–0 at their home ground, the San Siro.[44][45][46] Under the leadership of Jock Stein, Scottish club Celtic beat Inter Milan 2–1 in the 1967 final to become the first British club to win the European Cup.[47][48] The Celtic players that day, all of whom were born within 30 miles (48 km) of Glasgow, subsequently became known as the "Lisbon Lions".[49]

1968–1982

[edit]
Johan Cruyff (pictured in 1972) won the European Cup three times in a row with Ajax.

The 1967–68 season saw Manchester United become the first English team to win the European Cup, beating two-times winners Benfica 4–1 in the final.[50] This final came ten years after the Munich air disaster, which had claimed the lives of eight United players and left their manager, Matt Busby, fighting for his life.[51] In the 1968–69 season, Ajax became the first Dutch team to reach the European Cup final, but they were beaten 4–1 by Milan, who claimed their second European Cup, with Pierino Prati scoring a hat-trick.[52]

The 1969–70 season saw the first Dutch winners of the competition. Feyenoord knocked out the defending champions, Milan in the second round,[53] before beating Celtic in the final.[54] In the 1970–71 season, Ajax won the title, beating Greek side Panathinaikos in the final.[55] the season saw a number of changes, with penalty shoot-outs being introduced, and the away goals rule being changed so that it would be used in all rounds except the final.[56] It was also the first time a Greek team reached the final, as well as the first season that Real Madrid failed to qualify, having finished sixth in La Liga the previous season.[57] Ajax went on to win the competition three years in row (1971 to 1973), which Bayern Munich emulated from 1974 to 1976, before Liverpool won their first two titles in 1977 and 1978.[58]

The following seasons saw victories in 1978–79 and 1979–80 for Brian Clough's Nottingham Forest. The following year Liverpool won their third title before Aston Villa continued the sense of English dominance in 1982.

1982–1992: English dominance is broken

[edit]

In 1982–83, Hamburger SV broke the English dominance. Liverpool regained it in 1983–84 before losing to Juventus (1984–85); Steaua București then won in 1985–86, Porto in 1986–87, PSV Eindhoven in 1987–88; Milan (2), Red Star Belgrade and Barcelona became champions before the competition was re-formulated as the UEFA Champions League. All English clubs were banned for five years (Liverpool for six years) following the 1985 European Cup final due to the Heysel Stadium disaster.

Anthem

[edit]
Main article: UEFA Champions League Anthem

"Magic...it's magic above all else. When you hear the anthem it captivates you straight away."

—Zinedine Zidane[59]

The two teams line up for the UEFA Champions League Anthem before each match and a flag of the Champions League "starball" logo is waved in the centre circle.

The UEFA Champions League anthem, officially titled simply as "Champions League", was written by Tony Britten, and is an adaptation of George Frideric Handel's 1727 anthem Zadok the Priest (one of his Coronation Anthems).[60][61] UEFA commissioned Britten in 1992 to arrange an anthem, and the piece was performed by London's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and sung by the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields.[60] Stating that "the anthem is now almost as iconic as the trophy", UEFA's official website adds it is "known to set the hearts of many of the world's top footballers aflutter".[60]

The chorus contains the three official languages used by UEFA: English, German, and French.[62] The climactic moment is set to the exclamations 'Die Meister! Die Besten! Les Grandes Équipes! The Champions!'.[63] The anthem's chorus is played before each UEFA Champions League game as the two teams are lined up, as well as at the beginning and end of television broadcasts of the matches. In addition to the anthem, there is also entrance music, which contains parts of the anthem itself, which is played as teams enter the field.[64] The complete anthem is about three minutes long, and has two short verses and the chorus.[62]

Special vocal versions have been performed live at the Champions League final with lyrics in other languages, changing over to the host nation's language for the chorus. These versions were performed by Andrea Bocelli (Italian; Rome 2009, Milan 2016 and Cardiff 2017), Juan Diego Flores (Spanish; Madrid 2010), All Angels (Wembley 2011), Jonas Kaufmann and David Garrett (Munich 2012) and Mariza (Lisbon 2014). In the 2013 final at Wembley, the chorus was played twice. In the 2018 and 2019 finals, held in Kyiv and Madrid respectively, the instrumental version of the chorus was played, by 2Cellos (2018) and Asturia Girls (2019).[65][66] In the 2023 final, held in Istanbul, Hungarian pianist Ádám György performed the piano version of the anthem.[67] The anthem has been released commercially in its original version on iTunes and Spotify with the title of Champions League Theme. In 2018, composer Hans Zimmer remixed the anthem with rapper Vince Staples for EA Sports' video game FIFA 19, with it also featuring in the game's reveal trailer.[68]

Branding

[edit]
The "starball" logo is incorporated into the design of the competition's official match ball, the Adidas Finale.

In 1991, UEFA asked its commercial partner, Television Event and Media Marketing (TEAM), to help brand the Champions League. This resulted in the anthem, "house colours" of black and white or silver and a logo, and the "starball". The starball was created by Design Bridge, a London-based firm selected by TEAM after a competition.[69] TEAM gives particular attention to detail in how the colours and starball are depicted at matches. According to TEAM, "Irrespective of whether you are a spectator in Moscow or Milan, you will always see the same stadium dressing materials, the same opening ceremony featuring the 'starball' centre circle ceremony, and hear the same UEFA Champions League Anthem". Based on research it conducted, TEAM concluded that by 1999, "the starball logo had achieved a recognition rate of 94 percent among fans".[70]

Format

[edit]
A map of UEFA countries whose teams have reached the league phase or group stage of the UEFA Champions League
  UEFA member state that has been represented in the league phase or group stage
  UEFA member state that has not been represented in the league phase or group stage

Qualification

[edit]
See also: UEFA coefficient

The UEFA Champions League used to begin with a double round-robin group stage of 32 teams until it evolved into a league phase of 36 teams, which is preceded by two qualification 'streams' for teams that do not receive direct entry to the tournament proper. The two streams are divided between teams qualified by virtue of being league champions, and those qualified by virtue of finishing second, third or fourth in their national championship.

The number of teams that each association enters into the UEFA Champions League is based upon the UEFA coefficients of the member associations. These coefficients are generated by the results of clubs representing each association during the previous five Champions League, Europa League and Conference League seasons. The higher an association's coefficient, the more teams represent the association in the Champions League, and the fewer qualification rounds the association's teams must compete in.

Five of the remaining seven qualifying places are granted to the winners of a four-round qualifying tournament between the remaining 43 or 44 national champions, within which those champions from associations with higher coefficients receive byes to later rounds. The other two are granted to the winners of a three-round qualifying tournament between ten and eleven clubs from the associations ranked 5–6 through 15, which have qualified based upon finishing second, third or fourth in their respective national league.

In addition to sporting criteria, any club must be licensed by its national association to participate in the Champions League. To obtain a license, the club must meet certain stadium, infrastructure and finance requirements.

In 2005–06, Liverpool and Artmedia Bratislava became the first teams to reach the Champions League group stage after playing in all three qualifying rounds. Real Madrid and Barcelona hold the record for the most appearances in the group stage, having qualified 25 times, followed by Porto and Bayern Munich on 24.[71]

Between 1999 and 2008, no differentiation was made between champions and non-champions in qualification. The 16 top-ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualified directly for the tournament group stage. Prior to this, three preliminary knockout qualifying rounds whittled down the remaining teams, with teams starting in different rounds.

An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.[72] UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that, if the Champions League winner fell outside of its domestic league's top four, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. Until 2015–16, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League.[73] In May 2012, Tottenham Hotspur finished fourth in the 2011–12 Premier League, two places ahead of Chelsea, but failed to qualify for the 2012–13 Champions League, after Chelsea won the 2012 final.[74] Tottenham were demoted to the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.[74]

In May 2013,[75] it was decided that, starting from the 2015–16 season (and continuing at least for the three-year cycle until the 2017–18 season), the winners of the previous season's UEFA Europa League would qualify for the UEFA Champions League, entering at least the play-off round, and entering the group stage if the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used. The previous limit of a maximum of four teams per association was increased to five, meaning that a fourth-placed team from one of the top three ranked associations would only have to be moved to the Europa League if both the Champions League and Europa League winners came from that association and both finished outside the top four of their domestic league.[76]

In 2007, Michel Platini, the UEFA president, had proposed taking one place from the three leagues with four entrants and allocating it to that nation's cup winners. This proposal was rejected in a vote at a UEFA Strategy Council meeting.[77] In the same meeting, however, it was agreed that the third-placed team in the top three leagues would receive automatic qualification for the group stage, rather than entry into the third qualifying round, while the fourth-placed team would enter the play-off round for non-champions, guaranteeing an opponent from one of the top 15 leagues in Europe. This was part of Platini's plan to increase the number of teams qualifying directly into the group stage, while simultaneously increasing the number of teams from lower-ranked nations in the group stage.[78]

In 2012, Arsène Wenger referred to qualifying for the Champions League by finishing in the top four places in the Premier League as the "4th Place Trophy". The phrase was coined after a pre-match conference when he was questioned about Arsenal's lack of a trophy after exiting the FA Cup. He said "The first trophy is to finish in the top four".[79] At Arsenal's 2012 AGM, Wenger was also quoted as saying: "For me there are five trophies every season: Premier League, Champions League, the third is to qualify for the Champions League..."[80]

League phase and knockout phase

[edit]

Beginning with the 2024–25 season, UEFA changed the format of their three club competitions, abandoning the group stage in favour of an expanded league phase.[81] The number of participating teams was increased from 32 to 36 teams. Teams are no longer divided into groups of four teams each but are ranked in a single table. Each team plays eight matches against eight different opponents. For the draw of the league phase, teams are divided into four seeding pots according to their UEFA coefficient. Each team will play against two teams from each pot, one home and one away. The league phase is played from September to January, while the knockout phase begins in February, with matches predominantly played on Tuesday and Wednesday nights.

After the league phase, a two-legged knockout play-off round is played between teams finishing 9–16 (seeded) and 17–24 (unseeded) in the league phase. Teams finishing in the top eight of the league phase receive a bye to the round of 16 as seeded teams, while the eight winning teams from the knockout play-off round will enter the round of 16 draw as unseeded teams. Teams finishing 25th–36th place in the league phase and the eight losers of the knockout play-offs are eliminated from the competition and from European football since it is no longer possible to enter the Europa League from the league phase onwards.

After the round of 16 the competition follows the traditional knockout format with quarter-finals, semi-finals (both two legged and without association draw protection) and then the final at a venue chosen prior to the season. The final is typically held in late May or early June.

Prior to the 2024–25 season, the tournament proper began with a group stage of 32 teams, divided into eight groups of four.[82] The draw to determine which teams entered each group was seeded based on each team's UEFA coefficient, and no group could contain more than one club from each association. Each team played six group stage games, meeting the other three teams in its group home and away in a round-robin format.[82] The first place team and the runners-up from each group then progressed to the next round. The third-placed teams entered the Europa League's knockout round and the fourth-placed teams were eliminated from the competition.

For the next stage – the last 16 – the winning team from one group played against the runners-up from another group, but teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other (see random two-sided matching). From the quarter-finals onwards, the draw was entirely random, without association protection.[83]

The group stage was played from September to December, whilst the knockout stage began in February, with matches usually played on Tuesday and Wednesday nights. The knockout ties were played in a two-legged format, with the exception of the final. In the 2019–20 season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was suspended for five months. The format of the remainder of the tournament was temporarily amended as a result, with the quarter-finals and semi-finals being played as single match knockout ties at neutral venues in Lisbon, Portugal in the summer with the final taking place on 23 August 2020.[84]

Distribution

[edit]

The following is the default access list.

Access list for UEFA Champions League from 2024−25 season[85]
Teams entering in this round Teams advancing from the previous round
First qualifying round
(32 teams)
  • 32 champions from associations 23–55 (except Liechtenstein)
Second qualifying round Champions Path
(24 teams)
  • 8 champions from associations 15–22
  • 16 winners from the first qualifying round
League Path
(6 teams)
  • 6 runners-up from associations 10–15
Third qualifying round Champions Path
(12 teams)
  • 12 winners from the second qualifying round (Champions Path)
League Path
(8 teams)
  • 3 runners-up from associations 7–9
  • 1 third-placed team from association 6
  • 1 fourth-placed team from association 5
  • 3 winners from the second qualifying round (League Path)
Play-off round Champions Path
(10 teams)
  • 4 champions from associations 11–14
  • 6 winners from the third qualifying round (Champions Path)
League Path
(4 teams)
  • 4 winners from the third qualifying round (League Path)
League phase
(36 teams)
  • UEFA Champions League title holders
  • UEFA Europa League title holders
  • 10 champions from associations 1–10
  • 6 runners-up from associations 1–6
  • 5 third-placed teams from associations 1–5
  • 4 fourth-placed teams from associations 1–4
  • 2 teams from associations with the highest 1-year association coefficient
  • 5 winners from the play-off round (Champions Path)
  • 2 winners from the play-off round (League Path)
Preliminary knockout round
(16 teams)
  • 16 teams ranked from 9−24 in league phase
Knockout phase
(16 teams)
  • 8 teams ranked from 1−8 in league phase
  • 8 winners from previous play-off

Changes will be made to the access list above if the Champions League or Europa League title holders qualify for the tournament via their domestic leagues.

  • If the Champions League title holders qualify for the league phase via their domestic league's standard berth allocation, the best champions in qualifying rounds enter the league phase, and champions of the highest-ranked associations in earlier rounds are also promoted accordingly.
  • If the Europa League title holders qualify for the league phase via their domestic league's standard berth allocation, the best club in qualifying rounds enters the league phase, except for the runners-up of associations 11–15, as they have a higher-ranked domestic team in the qualifiers, and teams of the highest-ranked associations in earlier rounds are also promoted accordingly.
  • If the Champions League or Europa League title holders qualify for the qualifying rounds via their domestic league, their spot in the qualifying rounds is vacated, and teams of the highest-ranked associations in earlier rounds are promoted accordingly.

Prizes

[edit]

Trophy and medals

[edit]
Main article: European Champion Clubs' Cup
The trophy

Each year, the winning team is presented with the European Champion Clubs' Cup, the current version of which has been awarded since 1967. From the 1968–69 season and prior to the 2008–09 season any team that won the Champions League three years in a row or five times overall was awarded the official trophy permanently.[86] Each time a club achieved this, a new official trophy had to be forged for the following season.[87] Five clubs own a version of the official trophy: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Milan and Liverpool.[86] Since 2008, the official trophy has remained with UEFA and the clubs are awarded a replica.[86]

The current trophy is 74 cm (29 in) tall and made of silver, weighing 11 kg (24 lb). It was designed by Jürg Stadelmann, a jeweller from Bern, Switzerland, after the original was given to Real Madrid in 1966 in recognition of their six titles to date, and cost 10,000 Swiss francs.

As of the 2012–13 season, 40 gold medals are presented to the Champions League winners, and 40 silver medals to the runners-up.[88]

Prize money

[edit]

Starting with the 2024–25 season, the distribution of the prize money is as follows.[89]

  • Play-off round: €4,290,000
  • Base fee for league phase: €18,620,000
  • League phase victory: €2,100,000
  • League phase draw: €700,000
  • League phase top 8: €2,000,000
  • League phase ranked 9 through 16: €1,000,000
  • Knockout round play-offs: €1,000,000
  • Round of 16: €11,000,000
  • Quarter-finals: €12,500,000
  • Semi-finals: €15,000,000
  • Runners-up: €18,500,000
  • Champions: €25,000,000

A large part of the distributed revenue from the UEFA Champions League is linked to the "market pool", the distribution of which is determined by the value of the television market in each nation. For the 2019–20 season, Paris Saint-Germain, who were the runners-up, earned nearly €126.8 million in total, of which €101.3 million was prize money, compared with the €125.46 million earned by Bayern Munich, who won the tournament and were awarded €112.96 million in prize money.[90]

Sponsorship

[edit]
A can of Heineken with the branding of the 2011 UEFA Champions League final
Real Madrid were barred from wearing their bwin-sponsored jerseys when they played against Galatasaray in Turkey in April 2013, where gambling advertisements are banned.

Like the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations, in contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in national top-flight leagues. When the Champions League was created in 1992, it was decided that a maximum of eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event, with each corporation being allocated four advertising boards around the perimeter of the pitch, as well as logo placement at pre- and post-match interviews and a certain number of tickets to each match. This, combined with a deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on television advertisements during matches, ensured that each of the tournament's main sponsors was given maximum exposure.[91]

From the 2012–13 knockout phase, UEFA used LED advertising hoardings installed in knockout participant stadiums, including the final. From the 2015–16 season onwards, UEFA has used such hoardings from the play-off round until the final.[92] Since 2021, the UEFA also used Virtual Board Replacement (VBR) technology to offer region-based advertising; regional sponsors are inserted into the hoardings as shown on the broadcast feed in specific regions along with the global sponsors.[93][94]

Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising. However, only two sponsorships are permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer, at the chest and the left sleeve.[95] Exceptions are made for non-profit organisations, which can feature on the front of the shirt, incorporated with the main sponsor or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad number or on the collar area.[96]

If a club plays a match in a nation where the relevant sponsorship category is restricted (such as France's alcohol advertising restriction), then they must remove that logo from their jerseys. For example, when Rangers played French side Auxerre in the 1996–97 Champions League, they wore the logo of the holiday chain Center Parcs instead of their primary sponsor, McEwan's Lager (both companies at the time were subsidiaries of Scottish & Newcastle).[97]

The tournament's main sponsors for the 2024–27 cycle are:

Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official match ball, while Macron supplies the referee kits.[107]

Media coverage

[edit]
Main article: List of UEFA Champions League broadcasters

The competition attracts an extensive television audience, not just in Europe, but throughout the world. The final of the tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.[108] The final of the 2012–13 tournament had the competition's highest TV ratings to date, drawing approximately 360 million television viewers.[109]

Team records and statistics

[edit]
Main article: European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics
See also: UEFA Champions League clubs performance comparison

Performance by club

[edit]
Main article: List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals


Performances in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League by club
Club 		Title(s) Runners-up Seasons won Seasons runner-up
Spain Real Madrid 15 3 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024 1962, 1964, 1981
Italy Milan 7 4 1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005
Germany Bayern Munich 6 5 1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013, 2020 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012
England Liverpool 6 4 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005, 2019 1985, 2007, 2018, 2022
Spain Barcelona 5 3 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 1961, 1986, 1994
Netherlands Ajax 4 2 1971, 1972, 1973, 1995 1969, 1996
Italy Inter Milan 3 3 1964, 1965, 2010 1967, 1972, 2023
England Manchester United 3 2 1968, 1999, 2008 2009, 2011
Italy Juventus 2 7 1985, 1996 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017
Portugal Benfica 2 5 1961, 1962 1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990
England Chelsea 2 1 2012, 2021 2008
England Nottingham Forest 2 0 1979, 1980 —
Portugal Porto 2 0 1987, 2004 —
Germany Borussia Dortmund 1 2 1997 2013, 2024
Scotland Celtic 1 1 1967 1970
Germany Hamburger SV 1 1 1983 1980
Romania Steaua București 1 1 1986 1989
France Marseille 1 1 1993 1991
England Manchester City 1 1 2023 2021
Netherlands Feyenoord 1 0 1970 —
England Aston Villa 1 0 1982 —
Netherlands PSV Eindhoven 1 0 1988 —
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Red Star Belgrade 1 0 1991 —
Spain Atlético Madrid 0 3 — 1974, 2014, 2016
France Reims 0 2 — 1956, 1959
Spain Valencia 0 2 — 2000, 2001
Italy Fiorentina 0 1 — 1957
Germany Eintracht Frankfurt 0 1 — 1960
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Partizan 0 1 — 1966
Greece Panathinaikos 0 1 — 1971
England Leeds United 0 1 — 1975
France Saint-Étienne 0 1 — 1976
Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach 0 1 — 1977
Belgium Club Brugge 0 1 — 1978
Sweden Malmö FF 0 1 — 1979
Italy Roma 0 1 — 1984
Italy Sampdoria 0 1 — 1992
Germany Bayer Leverkusen 0 1 — 2002
France Monaco 0 1 — 2004
England Arsenal 0 1 — 2006
England Tottenham Hotspur 0 1 — 2019
France Paris Saint-Germain 0 1 — 2020

Performances by nation

[edit]
Performances in finals by nation
Nation Titles Runners-up Total
 Spain 20 11 31
 England 15 11 26
 Italy 12 17 29
 Germany[a] 8 11 19
 Netherlands 6 2 8
 Portugal 4 5 9
 France 1 6 7
 Romania 1 1 2
 Scotland 1 1 2
 Yugoslavia[b] 1 1 2
 Belgium 0 1 1
 Greece 0 1 1
 Sweden 0 1 1

Notes

  1. ^ Includes clubs representing West Germany. No clubs representing East Germany appeared in a final.
  2. ^ Both Yugoslav final appearances were by clubs from SR Serbia

Player records

[edit]
Main article: European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics § Players

Most wins

[edit]
Paco Gento, first of the five players to have won the tournament on six occasions, appeared in eight finals.
Dani Carvajal, the only player with six titles who started in all the finals he won, alongside Paco Gento.
Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record for the most match wins in the tournament.
No. of wins Player Club(s)
6 Paco Gento Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966)
Toni Kroos Bayern Munich (2013)
Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)
Dani Carvajal Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)
Luka Modrić
Nacho
5 Juan Alonso Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)
Rafael Lesmes
Marquitos
Héctor Rial
Alfredo Di Stéfano
José María Zárraga
Alessandro Costacurta AC Milan (1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007)
Paolo Maldini
Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United (2008)
Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018)
Gareth Bale Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022)
Karim Benzema
Casemiro
Isco
Marcelo
Lucas Vázquez Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)
4 Joseíto Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959)
Enrique Mateos Real Madrid (1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)
Juan Santisteban
José Santamaría Real Madrid (1958, 1959, 1960, 1966)
Phil Neal Liverpool (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984)
Clarence Seedorf Ajax (1995)
Real Madrid (1998)
AC Milan (2003, 2007)
Andrés Iniesta Barcelona (2006, 2009, 2011, 2015)
Lionel Messi
Xavi
Gerard Piqué Manchester United (2008)
Barcelona (2009, 2011, 2015)
Sergio Ramos Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018)
Raphaël Varane
Mateo Kovačić Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018)
Chelsea (2021)
David Alaba Bayern Munich (2013, 2020)
Real Madrid (2022, 2024)

Most appearances

[edit]
Main article: List of footballers with 100 or more UEFA Champions League appearances
As of 6 November 2024[110][111]

Players that are still active in Europe are highlighted in boldface.
The table below does not include appearances made in the qualification stage of the competition.

Rank Player Nation Apps Years Club(s) (Apps)
1 Cristiano Ronaldo  Portugal 183 2003–2022 Manchester United (59), Real Madrid (101), Juventus (23)
2 Iker Casillas  Spain 177 1999–2019 Real Madrid (150), Porto (27)
3 Lionel Messi  Argentina 163 2005–2023 Barcelona (149), Paris Saint-Germain (14)
4 Thomas Müller  Germany 154 2009– Bayern Munich
5 Karim Benzema  France 152 2005–2023 Lyon (19), Real Madrid (133)
6 Toni Kroos  Germany 151 2008–2024 Bayern Munich (41), Real Madrid (110)
Xavi  Spain 1998–2015 Barcelona
8 Manuel Neuer  Germany 144 2007– Schalke 04 (22), Bayern Munich (122)
9 Sergio Ramos  Spain 142 2005–2023 Real Madrid (129), Paris Saint-Germain (8), Sevilla (5)
Raúl  Spain 1995–2011 Real Madrid (130), Schalke 04 (12)

Most goals

[edit]
Main article: List of UEFA Champions League top scorers
As of 6 November 2024[112][113]
A ‡ indicates the player was from the European Cup era.
Players taking part in the 2024–25 UEFA Champions League are highlighted in bold.
The table below does not include goals scored in the qualification stage of the competition.
Rank Player Goals Apps Ratio Years Club(s) (Goals/Apps)
1 Portugal Cristiano Ronaldo 140 183 0.77 2003–2022 Manchester United (21/59), Real Madrid (105/101), Juventus (14/23)
2 Argentina Lionel Messi 129 163 0.79 2005–2023 Barcelona (120/149), Paris Saint-Germain (9/14)
3 Poland Robert Lewandowski 99 124 0.8 2011– Borussia Dortmund (17/28), Bayern Munich (69/78), Barcelona (13/18)
4 France Karim Benzema 90 152 0.59 2005–2023 Lyon (12/19), Real Madrid (78/133)
5 Spain Raúl 71 142 0.50 1995–2011 Real Madrid (66/130), Schalke 04 (5/12)
6 Netherlands Ruud van Nistelrooy 56 73 0.77 1998–2009 PSV Eindhoven (8/11), Manchester United (35/43), Real Madrid (13/19)
7 Germany Thomas Müller 54 154 0.35 2009– Bayern Munich
8 France Thierry Henry 50 112 0.45 1997–2012 Monaco (7/9), Arsenal (35/77), Barcelona (8/26)
9 Argentina Spain Alfredo Di Stéfano ‡ 49 58 0.84 1955–1964 Real Madrid
France Kylian Mbappé 49 77 0.64 2016– Monaco (6/9), Paris Saint-Germain (42/64), Real Madrid (1/4)

Awards

[edit]

Player of the Season

[edit]

Starting from the 2021–22 edition, UEFA introduced the UEFA Champions League Player of the Season award.

The jury is composed of the coaches of the clubs that participated in the group stage of the competition, as well as 55 journalists selected by the European Sports Media (ESM) group, one from each UEFA member association.

Season Player Club
UEFA Champions League Player of the Season
2021–22 France Karim Benzema Spain Real Madrid
2022–23 Spain Rodri England Manchester City
2023–24 Brazil Vinícius Júnior Spain Real Madrid

Young Player of the Season

[edit]

In the same season, UEFA also introduced the UEFA Champions League Young Player of the Season award.

Season Player Club
UEFA Champions League Young Player of the Season
2021–22 Brazil Vinícius Júnior Spain Real Madrid
2022–23 Georgia (country) Khvicha Kvaratskhelia Italy Napoli
2023–24 England Jude Bellingham Spain Real Madrid

See also

[edit]

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