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Uniper

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 11 min
Uniper SE
Company typeState-owned enterprise (Societas Europaea)
FWB: UN01
MDAX Component
ISINDE000UNSE018
IndustryElectric utility
FoundedJanuary 1, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-01-01)
Headquarters
Düsseldorf
,
Germany
Area served
Europe
United States
Key people
Michael Lewis, CEO
ProductsElectrical power
Natural gas
Revenue€107.915 billion (2023)
€6.308 billion (2023)
Total assets€64.694 billion (2023)
OwnerGovernment of Germany
Number of employees
6,863 (2023)
SubsidiariesUnipro
Websitewww.uniper.energy

Uniper SE is a German multinational energy company based in Düsseldorf, Germany, which has been a state-owned enterprise since late 2022. It is one of the biggest energy companies by revenue in Europe.[1] The name of the company is a portmanteau of "unique" and "performance",[2][3] which was given by long-term employee Gregor Recke.[4] Uniper was formed by the separation of E.ON's fossil fuel assets into a separate company that began operating on 1 January 2016.[5] In 2019, the company employed about 6,800 people in over 40 countries.[6][7] In 2018, around one-third of the employees were based in Germany.[8] Until 2022, it owned a subsidiary company in Russia called Unipro. Uniper was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

The company has faced criticism for opening new coal-fueled power plants in Germany as recently as May 2020.[9] Uniper was one of the financiers of the Nord Stream 2 project, which the German government suspended two days before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[10] The company was nationalised in December 2022.[11]

History

[edit]

The split of the majority of E.ON's 'upstream' electricity generation business from its 'downstream' retail and distribution business was first announced in April 2015.[2] The company became active on 1 January 2016, with 14,000 employees and is expecting an operating profit (EBITDA) of €4 billion.[12][13] Arranged below Uniper SE were the Uniper Beteiligungs GmbH and the Uniper Holding GmbH, the latter functioning as holding company for the operative companies such as the Uniper Kraftwerke GmbH.[5] The only nuclear plants in Uniper are Swedish, because German government rules aim to stop companies avoiding nuclear clean-up costs.[14]

In June 2016, the shareholders' meetings of E.ON SE and Uniper SE decided to spin off Uniper from E.ON.[5] It took place through a retrospective transfer of Uniper's business to 195 million new shares created by an increase in noncash capital as of January 1, 2016.[15] It was intended to deconsolidate Uniper from E.ON in the first half of 2017.[5] E.ON sold a 53% stake in the business through a listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange on 12 September 2016.[16]

In November 2017, Uniper completed the sale of its stake in the Russian gas field Yuzhno-Russkoye. The Uniper share of 25% was sold for €1.749 billion, plus the transferred liquid funds to the Austrian OMV Group.[17]

In September 2017, Finnish power company Fortum announced it would buy E.ON's remaining 47% stake in Uniper and make a bid for the other 53% held by other shareholders, valuing Uniper at €8 billion. A takeover bid was submitted on 7 November 2017. E.ON accepted the offer on 8 January 2018.[18] Fortum acquired, in total, a 47.35% stake. The deal was completed on 26 June 2018, after approval by various authorities.[19] As of August 18, 2020, Fortum held a 75.01% stake in Uniper.[20]

On 4 July 2019, Uniper and EPH ("Energetický a průmyslový holding a.s.") signed the agreements for the sale of Uniper's activities in France. The scope of transaction includes Uniper's French sales business, two gas-fired power plants in Saint-Avold (Lorraine), two coal-fired power plants in Saint-Avold and Gardanne (Provence), the biomass power plant "Provence 4 Biomasse" in Gardanne and wind and solar power plants.[21]

Impact of Ukraine war

[edit]

Bail out

[edit]

Russia's war in Ukraine highlighted the dilemma that Germany faces regarding Russian assets held by German companies, and severely disrupted the company's operations.[22] Uniper announced on 28 April 2022 that it would pay for Russian gas in rubles, in a move that the BBC described as "giving in to Russian demands and helping to undercut EU sanctions on Russia".[23]

In July 2022, the German government and Fortum agreed to bailout Uniper a €15 billion rescue deal after being severely affected by reduced supplies and high prices following the energy standoff with Russia.[24] Germany agreed to pay €267 million for a stake in the ownership of Uniper, while also offering the firm up to €7.7 billion in financing.[25] Under the bailout, a record in German corporate history, the government will take a 30% stake in Uniper, reducing the ownership of Fortum to 56%.[26]

In 2022 Uniper filed a lawsuit against Russia’s Gazprom, claiming €11.6 billion for damages following shortfalls and breach in gas supply under their long term contract.[27]

Nationalisation

[edit]

On 20 September 2022, Bloomberg News reported that the German government intended to nationalize the company, purchasing the remainder of Fortum's stake and becoming Uniper's sole owner.[28] News of the transaction caused Uniper shares to decline and a sharp spike in Fortum's share price, resulting in a halt in trading of the latter.[28] Finland's Minister of Ownership Steering Tytti Tuppurainen stated that Finland would not accept the nationalisation of Uniper without a level of compensation being paid.[29] The German government's intention to nationalize the company was formalized the next day.[30] Germany will spend $8 billion to acquire a 99% stake in the company.[31] Uniper published a €40b loss for the first 3 quarters of 2022.[32] The nationalisation was completed in late December 2022.[11]

It was reported in October 2022 that Uniper was "shutting half the office space in its headquarters and lowering temperatures in areas remaining open to save gas" as it struggled to stay afloat ahead of its impending nationalisation.[33]

Russian business

[edit]

In April 2023 Russia seized the assets of Uniper Russia, including Uniper's 83.73% stake in Unipro which had already been revalued down to €1.[34]

On 7 June 2024, an arbitration tribunal in Stockholm awarded Uniper over 13 billion euros in damages for gas not supplied by Russia's Gazprom since 2022, also allowing Uniper to terminate long-term contracts with Gazprom. The German government had nationalized Uniper in late 2022 after Russia cut gas supplies, leading Uniper to incur significant costs by purchasing gas at higher market prices.[35]

Operations

[edit]

Uniper operates in the EU countries Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Hungary. Outside of the EU it operates in the United Kingdom, and has offices in the United States, Azerbaijan, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates.[36] The company used to operate in Russia until 2022. In addition to the fossil fuel power generation assets it owns hydropower and nuclear power assets in Sweden. Together, Fortum and Uniper are running the Oskarshamn nuclear power plant and are both involved in the Forsmark nuclear power plant. Both operate hydropower plants in Sweden.

With 34 GW generating capacities,[6] Uniper is one of the largest European electricity producers.[37][38] Uniper Global Commodities SE trades on the spot and futures market for gas, coal, freight, oil, liquefied natural gas and emission rights on different stock markets and on the over-the-counter-market.[39] Uniper Energy Storage GmbH is responsible for gas storage activities in Europe. The Power-to-Gas plants WindGas Falkenhagen and WindGas Hamburg store renewable energy in the form of electricity, gas or heat. Through electrolyzing, the gained wind energy is transformed into hydrogen and fed into the local gas network.[40] The Uniper Energy Storage GmbH operates gas storages with a capacity of 9 billion cubic metres (3.2×1011 cubic feet) in Germany, Austria, and the United Kingdom.[8]

List of power stations of Uniper outside Germany (for power stations in Germany see de:Uniper Kraftwerke):

Location Energy source Power Notes
Connah's Quay Natural gas 1380 MW
Cottam Natural gas 395 MW
Isle of Grain Natural gas 1275 MW
Enfield Natural gas 408 MW
Killingholme Natural gas 600 MW
Taylors Lane (Willesden) Oil 132 MW
Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station Coal 2000 MW Decommissioned
Nuclear power plant Oskarshamn Nuclear energy 2308 MW 54.4% share
Nuclear power plant Ringhals Nuclear energy 3820 MW 29.6% share
Nuclear power plant Forsmark Nuclear energy 3157 MW 8.5% share
Maasvlakte Coal 2180 MW
Rotterdam Natural gas 269 MW
Den Haag Natural gas 112 MW
Leiden Natural gas 83 MW
Maasvlakte Natural gas 78 MW
Vilvoorde Natural gas 265 MW
Gönyü Natural gas 428 MW

In addition, Uniper owns more than 70 hydropower plants with a capacity of 1,553 MW in Sweden.

According to the 2017 Sustainability Report, the power production (totalling 120.8 TWh in 2017) by primary energy source was:[41]

TWh
energy source 2017 2016
Gas/Oil 61.9 73
Hard coal 24.3 31.2
Nuclear 11.1 13.6
Hydro 11.8 11
Lignite 11.5 9.7
Renewables 0.2 0.2

Corporate affairs

[edit]

The supervisory board consist of twelve members. Six members have been appointed by the general meeting, six by the employees through an election set up by Uniper SE. The shareholder representatives are Markus Rauramo (Chairman), Dr. Bernhard Günther (Deputy Chairman), Prof. Dr. Werner Brinker, Judith Buss, Esa Hyvärinen and Nora Steiner-Forsberg. The employee representatives in 2022 were Harald Seegatz (deputy chairman), Holger Grzella, Diana Kirschner, Victoria Kulambi, Magnus Notini and Immo Schlepper.[42]

In January 2023 Uniper announced that Klaus-Dieter Maubach used his right of cancellation and would quit as CEO in March that year. Additionally COO David Bryson and CFO Tiina Tuomela made their resignations public.[43] On 1 March 2023 Michael Lewis, former CEO of E.ON UK, was appointed as new Uniper CEO.[44] Lewis starts as CEO on 1 July 2023.[45] Jutta Dönges became new CFO and Holger Kreetz followed Bryson as COO.[46]

Finances

[edit]

The key trends for Uniper are, as of each financial year:[47]

Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Total revenue (€ mn.) 72,238 78,176 65,804 50,968 163,979 274,121 107,915
Net profit (€ mn.) −656 −452 610 397 −4,169 −18,979 6,308
Total Assets (€ mn.) 48,302 57,675 49,424 44,637 157,478 146,489 64,694
Number of employees 12,180 11,780 11,532 11,751 11,494 7,008 6,863

References

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  1. ^ "Fortune Global 500 – the largest companies in the world by revenue".
  2. ^ a b Steitz, Christophe (27 April 2015). "E.ON CFO Schaefer to head future spin-off Uniper". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  3. ^ Timperley, Jocelyn (4 January 2016). "E.ON completes split of fossil fuel and renewable operations". BusinessGreen. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Gregor Recke". Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Joint Spin-off Report of the boards of management of E.ON SE, DÜSSELDORF and Uniper SE, DÜSSELDORF regarding the spin-off of a majority stake in the Uniper Group" (PDF). eon.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-26.
  6. ^ a b "Our profile". Uniper. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
  7. ^ "Energy Services – International offices | Uniper". Uniper. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  8. ^ a b Bauchmüller, Michael (7 December 2018). "Vier Euro als Argument". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Controversial German Coal-Fired Power Plant to Start This Week". Bloomberg.com. 27 May 2020.
  10. ^ "Uniper not looking at legal action on Nord Stream 2 - for now". Reuters. 2022-02-23. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  11. ^ a b "Germany completes nationalization of Uniper - ministries". Reuters. 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  12. ^ "Eon zieht nach Essen – Neue Gesellschaft heißt Uniper". Die Welt. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  13. ^ mm-newsdesk (27 April 2015). "Eons Kernspaltung – mit "Uniper" soll alles besser werden". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  14. ^ Andresen, Tino (10 September 2015). "EON Cancels Nuclear Business Spinoff as 2015 Loss Forecast". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  15. ^ "Zulassungsprojekt" (PDF).
  16. ^ "Uniper shares get off to volatile market debut". Deutsche Welle. 12 September 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  17. ^ Houston-Waesch, Monica (5 March 2017). "Uniper to Sell Yuzhno-Russkoye Stake to OMV for EUR1.75 Billion". New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  18. ^ "E.ON to sell remaining Uniper stake to Fortum for $4.5 bln". Reuters. 2018-01-08. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  19. ^ "DGAP-News: Uniper-Statement: Fortum schließt Erwerb von circa 47,35 Prozent an Uniper ab (deutsch)". FinanzNachrichten.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  20. ^ "Fortum raises stake in Uniper to more than 75%". Reuters. 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  21. ^ "Uniper signs agreements to sell its generation business and distribution activities in France to EPH". Uniper signs agreements to sell its generation business and distribution activities in France to EPH. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  22. ^ "Germany Faces Dilemma of Owning Russian Assets in Uniper Buyout". Bloomberg.com. 2022-09-29. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  23. ^ "German energy giant Uniper gives in to Russian rouble demand". BBC News. 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  24. ^ Kantchev, Georgi; Pancevski, Bojan (22 July 2022). "Germany to Bail Out Utility Hit Hard by Russian Gas Shortfall". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022.
  25. ^ "Fortum: Germany to acquire 30% of Uniper". 22 July 2022.
  26. ^ Steitz, Christoph; Lehto, Essi; Hansen, Holger (22 July 2022). "Germany hands $15 bln bailout to Uniper after Russian gas hit". Reuters.
  27. ^ "Uniper brings claim against Gazprom". 30 November 2022.
  28. ^ a b Henning, Eyk; Sorge, Petra (20 September 2022). "Germany to Inject $8 Billion in Uniper Nationalization Plan". Bloomberg. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  29. ^ "Reuters: Germany to nationalise gas firm Uniper on Wednesday". 20 September 2022.
  30. ^ Dezem, Vanessa; Sorge, Petra; Delfs, Arne (21 September 2022). "Germany Nationalizes Gas Giant in Step to Avert Energy Collapse". Bloomberg. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  31. ^ Eddy, Melissa (21 September 2022). "German Government Nationalizes Uniper in Move to Secure Energy Supply". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  32. ^ "'Massive scars': Germany's Uniper posts record 40 billion euro net loss". euronews. 4 November 2022.
  33. ^ "Uniper shuts down 50% of headquarters to save gas". Reuters. 2022-10-24. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  34. ^ "Russia takes temporary control of Uniper, Fortum power assets". 26 April 2023.
  35. ^ "German energy company Uniper says a tribunal awarded it billions in damages from Russia's Gazprom". The Independent. 2024-06-12. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
  36. ^ "Locations". Uniper. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  37. ^ "Plant Portfolio". Uniper. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  38. ^ "Listicle – Die größten Stromversorger Europas". energie-winde.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  39. ^ "Annual reports" (PDF).
  40. ^ "Energy Storage – About us | Uniper". Uniper. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  41. ^ "Data Overview – UNIPER". Archived from the original on 2018-07-24. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  42. ^ "Supervisory board". Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  43. ^ "Uniper-Chef Maubach hört auf". Wirtschaftswoche (in German). 10 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  44. ^ "E.on-Manager Michael Lewis wird neuer Chef von Uniper". Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  45. ^ "Der Eon-Manager übernimmt im Sommer die Führung des verstaatlichten Energiekonzerns. Zudem gibt es weitere Veränderungen im Vorstand". Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  46. ^ "Carsten Poppinga to become Uniper's new Chief Commercial Officer - Michael Lewis to take over as CEO on 1 July". Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  47. ^ "Uniper Umsatz, Kennzahlen, Bilanz/GuV". finanzen.net.
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