Unipolar encoding

Unipolar encoding is a line code. A positive voltage represents a binary 1, and zero volts indicates a binary 0. It is the simplest line code, directly encoding the bitstream, and is analogous to on-off keying in modulation.^[1]

Its drawbacks are that it is not self-clocking and it has a significant DC component, which can be halved by using return-to-zero, where the signal returns to zero in the middle of the bit period. With a 50% duty cycle each rectangular pulse is only at a positive voltage for half of the bit period. This is ideal if one symbol is sent much more often than the other and power considerations are necessary, and also makes the signal self-clocking.

NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero) - Traditionally, a unipolar scheme was designed as a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) scheme, in which the positive voltage defines bit 1 and the zero voltage defines bit 0. It is called NRZ because the signal does not return to zero at the middle of the bit, as instead happens in other line coding schemes, such as Manchester code. Compared with its polar counterpart, polar NRZ, this scheme applies a DC bias to the line and unnecessarily wastes power – The normalized power (power required to send 1 bit per unit line resistance) is double that for polar NRZ. For this reason, unipolar encoding is not normally used in data communications today.

An Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC) is a family of (0,1) sequences with good auto- and cross-correlation properties for unipolar environments.^[2] They differ from codes developed for electrical communication which are usually bipolar. i.e. (−1,1) sequences. They are used in optical communications to enable CDMA in optical fiber transmission.^[3]

References

^ K., Prasad, K. V. K. (2004). Principles of digital communication systems and computer networks. Charles River Media. ISBN 1-58450-329-7. OCLC 443732841.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Chung, Fan R.K.; Salehi, Jawad A.; Wei, Victor K. (May 1989). "Optical orthogonal codes: design, analysis and applications" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 35 (3): 595–604. doi:10.1109/18.30982. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-25.
^ Maric, Svetislav V.; Hahm, Mark D.; Titlebaum, Edward L. (February 1995). "Construction and performance analysis of a new family of optical orthogonal codes for CDMA fiber-optic networks". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 43 (2/3/4): 485–489. doi:10.1109/26.380066. ISSN 0090-6778.

[1] K., Prasad, K. V. K. (2004). Principles of digital communication systems and computer networks. Charles River Media. ISBN 1-58450-329-7. OCLC 443732841.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Chung, Fan R.K.; Salehi, Jawad A.; Wei, Victor K. (May 1989). "Optical orthogonal codes: design, analysis and applications" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 35 (3): 595–604. doi:10.1109/18.30982. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-25.

[3] Maric, Svetislav V.; Hahm, Mark D.; Titlebaum, Edward L. (February 1995). "Construction and performance analysis of a new family of optical orthogonal codes for CDMA fiber-optic networks". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 43 (2/3/4): 485–489. doi:10.1109/26.380066. ISSN 0090-6778.

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v t e Line coding (digital baseband transmission)
Main articles	Unipolar encoding Bipolar encoding On–off keying Mark and space
Basic line codes	Return to zero (RZ) Non-return-to-zero, level (NRZ/NRZ-L) Non-return-to-zero, inverted (NRZ-I) Non-return-to-zero, space (NRZ-S) Manchester Differential Manchester/biphase (Bi-φ)
Extended line codes	Conditioned diphase 4B3T 4B5B 2B1Q Alternate mark inversion Modified AMI code Coded mark inversion MLT-3 encoding Hybrid ternary code 6b/8b encoding 8b/10b encoding 64b/66b encoding Eight-to-fourteen modulation Delay/Miller encoding TC-PAM
Optical line codes	Carrier-suppressed return-to-zero Alternate-phase return-to-zero
See also: Baseband Baud Bit rate Digital signal Digital transmission Ethernet physical layer Pulse modulation methods Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) Pulse-code modulation (PCM) Serial communication Category:Line codes

Unipolar encoding

See also

References