Vendée Globe

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The Vendée Globe is a single-handed (solo) non-stop, unassisted round the world yacht race.^[1][2] The race was founded by Philippe Jeantot in 1989,^[3] and since 1992 has taken place every four years. It is named after the Département of Vendée, in France, where the race starts and ends. The Vendée Globe is considered an extreme quest of individual endurance and the ultimate test in ocean racing.^[4][5]

The race was founded as "The Globe Challenge" in 1989 by French yachtsman Philippe Jeantot.^[6] Jeantot had competed in the BOC Challenge in 1982–83 and 1986–87, winning the 60-foot class ("Class I") both times. The BOC Challenge was sailed in stages with sailors being given the chance to rest and repair their boats at ports around the world.^[6]Unsatisfied with the race's format, he decided to set up a new round-the-world non-stop race, which he felt would be the ultimate challenge for single-handed sailors.^[7]

The first race was run in 1989–90, and was won by Titouan Lamazou; Jeantot himself took part, and placed fourth.^[8] The next race was in 1992–93; and it has since then been run every four years. The inaugural race included 11 Frenchmen, one South African (Bertie Reed) and one American (Mike Plant).^[9]

The race is open to monohull yachts conforming to the Open 60 class criteria. Prior to 2004, the race was also open to Open 50 boats. The Open classes are unrestricted in certain aspects, but a box rule governs parameters such as overall length, draught, appendages and stability, as well as numerous other safety features.

The race presents significant challenges; most notably the severe wind and wave conditions in the Southern Ocean, the long unassisted duration of the race, and the fact that the course takes competitors far from the reach of any normal emergency response. A significant proportion of the entrants usually retire, and in the 1996–97 race Canadian Gerry Roufs was lost at sea.^[10]

The race starts and finishes in Les Sables-d'Olonne, in the Département of Vendée, in France; both Les Sables d’Olonne and the Vendée Conseil Général are official race sponsors.^[11] The course is essentially a circumnavigation along the clipper route: from Les Sables d’Olonne, down the Atlantic Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope; then clockwise around Antarctica, keeping Cape Leeuwin and Cape Horn to port; then back to Les Sables d’Olonne.^[12] The race generally covers approximately 24,000 nautical miles (44,000 km) and runs from November to February, timed to place the competitors in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer.^[13]

Additional waypoints may be set in the sailing instructions for a particular race, in order to ensure safety relative to ice conditions, weather, etc.^[14] There is also an exclusion zone set around Antarctica where competitors are prohibited to sail due to risk of ice-bergs. ^[15]

The competitors may stop at anchor, but may not draw alongside a quay or another vessel; they may receive no outside assistance, including customised weather or routing information. The only exception is that a competitor who has an early problem may return to the start for repairs and then restart the race, as long as the restart is within 10 days of the official start.

To mitigate the risks, competitors are required to undergo medical and survival courses. They must also be able to demonstrate prior racing experience; either a completed single-handed trans-oceanic race or the completion of a previous Vendée Globe. The qualifying race must have been completed on the same boat as the one the sailor will race in the Vendée Globe; or the competitor must complete an additional trans-oceanic observation passage, of not less than 2,500 miles (4,000 km), at an average speed of at least 7 knots (13 km/h), with his or her boat.

• 
   Titouan Lamazou (FRA) Écureuil d'Aquitaine II
  1989–1990 Winner
• 
  Alain Gautier
  1992–1993 Winner
• 
   Christophe Auguin (FRA)
  Geodis
  1996–1997 Winner
• 
   Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)
  PRB 2
  2000–2001 Winner
• 
   Vincent Riou (FRA)
  PRB 2
  2004–2005 Winner
• 
   Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)
  Foncia
  2008–2009 Winner
• 
   François Gabart (FRA)
  Macif
  2012–2013 Winner
• 
   Armel Le Cléac'h (FRA)
  Banque Populaire VIII
  2016–2017 Winner
• 
   Yannick Bestaven (FRA)
  Maître Coq IV
  2020–2021 Winner

Skipper Previous Participation and Boat Information

Year	Skipper	Previous Start/Finish (Best)	Name of Boat	Sail No.	Designer	Builder	Year Launched	Notes	Ref.
1989–1990	Titouan Lamazou (FRA)	N/A	Écureuil d'Aquitaine II		Luc Bouvet Olivier Petit	Chantier Capitaine Flint	1989		[16]
1992–1993	Alain Gautier (FRA)	1 / 1 6th	Bagages Superior		Finot-Conq	CDK Technologies (FRA)	1992	Aluminum Construction	[17]
1996–1997	Christophe Auguin (FRA)	Never	Geodis		Finot-Conq	JMV Industries (FRA)	1994		[18]
2000–2001	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	Never	PRB 2	FRA 85	Finot-Conq	Mag (FRA)	1999		[19]
2004–2005	Vincent Riou (FRA)	Never
2008–2009	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	1 / 1 (1st)	Foncia	FRA 101	Farr Yacht Design	CDK Technologies (FRA)	2007		[20]
2012–2013	François Gabart (FRA)	Never	Macif	FRA 301	Verdier / VPLP	CDK Technologies (FRA) Green Marine (GBR)	2011		[21]
2016–2017	Armel Le Cléac'h (FRA)	2 / 2 (2nd)	Banque Populaire VIII	FRA 18	Verdier / VPLP	CDK Technologies (FRA)	2015		[22]
2020–2021	Yannick Bestaven (FRA)	1 / 0	Maître Coq IV	FRA 17	Verdier / VPLP	CDK Technologies (FRA)	2015-03-02	Hydrofoil	[23]

Note * Some sailors' dates of birth unknown

IMOCA races

• The Barcelona World Race, a non-stop two handed race, currently run using the IMOCA 60 Class.
• Route du Rhum
• The Velux 5 Oceans Race, a stopping solo race, currently run using the IMOCA 60 Class previously known as the BOC Challenge, later as Around Alone.
• The Ocean Race, a stopping fully crewed race, currently using the Volvo Ocean 65 and IMOCA 60 class. Previously known as the Whitbread Round The World Race and the Volvo Ocean Race.

Other races

• The Clipper Round the World Yacht Race, a stopping crewed race for amateur crews using the Clipper 70 Class.
• Jules Verne Trophy
• Oryx Quest
• Arkéa Ultim Challenge

Former races including

• The Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, held in 1968–1969, the first round-the-world yacht race.
• The BT Global Challenge, was a race held every four years and followed the westward route.
• The Race, was a race held in 2000, involving multihulls.
• The Oryx Quest, held in 2005, starting from Qatar.

Other speed sailing records

• Speed sailing record
• World Sailing Speed Record Council
• Transatlantic sailing record

• Circumnavigation
• List of circumnavigations

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vendée Globe.

• Official website

46°29′42″N 1°47′19″W / 46.4951°N 1.7886°W / 46.4951; -1.7886