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Warthog

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 11 min
This article is about the animal. For other uses, see Warthog (disambiguation).

Warthog
Male common warthog
Phacochoerus africanus
Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Tribe: Phacochoerini
Genus: Phacochoerus
F. Cuvier, 1826
Type species
Aper aethiopicus[1]
Pallas, 1766
Species

Phacochoerus aethiopicus
Phacochoerus africanus

Synonyms
  • Aper Pallas, 1766
  • Dinochoerus Gloger, 1841
  • Eureodon G. Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
  • Macrocephalus Frisch, 1775
  • Macrocephalus Palmer, 1904
  • Phacellochaerus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832
  • Phacellochoerus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832
  • Phacochaeres Gray, 1821
  • Phacocherus Fleming, 1822
  • Phacochoerus G. Cuvier, 1816
  • Phascochaeres Cretzschmar, 1828
  • Phascochaerus Desmarest, 1822
  • Phascochoeres Ranzani, 1821
  • Phascochoerus Ranzani, 1821

Phacochoerus is a genus in the family Suidae, commonly known as warthogs (pronounced wart-hog). They are pigs who live in open and semi-open habitats, even in quite arid regions, in sub-Saharan Africa. The two species were formerly considered conspecific under the scientific name Phacochoerus aethiopicus, but today this is limited to the desert warthog, while the best-known and most widespread species, the common warthog (or simply warthog), is Phacochoerus africanus.[2]

Skull

Description

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Although covered in bristly hairs, a warthog's body and head appear largely bare, from a distance, with only a crest of hair along the back and the tufts on the face and tail being obvious. The English name "wart"-hog refers to their facial wattles, which are particularly distinct in males. The males also have very prominent tusks, which reach a length of 10 to 25 inches (25 to 64 centimetres); females' tusks are always smaller.[3] They are largely herbivorous, but, like most suids, opportunistically eat invertebrates or small animals, even scavenging on carrion.[4] While both species remain fairly common and widespread, and considered to be of Least Concern by the IUCN, the nominate subspecies of desert warthog, commonly known as the Cape warthog (P. a. aethiopicus) was extinct by around 1865.[5]

Species in taxonomic order

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The genus Phacochoerus contains two species. The two species emerged from ecological barriers.[6] P. africanus were found with a lack of upper incisors, while P. aethiopicus were found with a full set.[6]

Genus Phacochoerus – F. Cuvier, 1826 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Common warthog

Phacochoerus africanus
(Gmelin, 1788)

Four subspecies
  • Nolan (northern) warthog (P. a. africanus) Gmelin, 1788
  • Eritrean warthog (P. a. aeliani) Cretzschmar, 1828
  • Central African warthog (P. a. massaicus) Lönnberg, 1908
  • Southern warthog (P. a. sundevallii) Lönnberg, 1908
Widespread in the savannah of Sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia down to South Africa, absent from heavily forested or desert areas.
Map of range 		Size: A head-and-body length ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 m (2 ft 11 in to 4 ft 11 in), and shoulder height from 63.5 to 85 cm (25.0 to 33.5 in). Females, at 45 to 75 kg (99 to 165 lb), are smaller and lighter than males, at 60 to 150 kg (130 to 330 lb).[7]

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Desert warthog

Phacochoerus aethiopicus
(Pallas, 1766)

Two subspecies[8]
  • †P. a. aethiopicus (Pallas, 1766)
  • P. a. delamerei Lönnberg, 1909
Northern Kenya and Somalia, and possibly Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia.
Map of range 		Size: Average length of 125 centimetres (49 in) and weight of 75 kilograms (165 lb) with males being larger than females.[9]

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


References

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  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Novak, R. M. (editor) (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 2. 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
  4. ^ Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Limited, London. ISBN 0-12-408355-2.
  5. ^ d'Huart, J.P.; Butynski, T.M.M. & De Jong, Y. (2008). "Phacochoerus aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  6. ^ a b d'Huart, JP; Grubb, P (2001). "Distribution of the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) and the desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) in the Horn of Africa". African Journal of Ecology. 39 (2): 156–169. doi:10.1046/j.0141-6707.2000.00298.x – via Web of Science.
  7. ^ "Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-30.
  8. ^ d'Huart, J.P.; Butynski, T.M.M. & De Jong, Y. (2016) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Phacochoerus aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41767A99376685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41767A44140316.en. Retrieved 12 April 2022. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
  9. ^ Winkelstern, Ian (2009). "Phacochoerus aethiopicus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
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