Washington Formation

Washington Formation
Washington Formation
Stratigraphic range: Permian
	Bituminous coal (Washington Coal, Upper Pennsylvanian; Ohio)
Type	Formation
Unit of	Dunkard Group
Sub-units	Upper Washington; Jollytown coal; Hundred sandstone; Upper Marietta; Washington “A” coal; Middle Washington; Lower Washington; Lower Marietta; Washington (No. 12) coal; Little Washington coal; Mannington sandstone; Waynesburg “A” coal; Waynesburg Sandstone; Elm Grove limestone; Cassville;
Underlies	Greene Formation
Overlies	Waynesburg Formation
Lithology
Primary	limestone, sandstone, coal
Other	shale
Location
Region	Ohio and West Virginia
Country	United States

The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation located in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.^[1] It dates back to the Lower Permian period, with its base at or near the Permian/Carboniferous boundary.^[2] ^[3] The Washington formation and the Dunkard Group as a whole was deposited at a time when the continents were in the process of forming the "Super Continent" Pangaea as well as a gradual drop in sea levels.^[4] The result during this period was coals being thinner and impure with high ash content. The limestones found with in the formation are exclusively freshwater deposits.

References

^ ^a ^b Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
^ Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
^ M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
^ Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075.

This article about a specific stratigraphic formation in West Virginia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This article related to the Permian period is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[berryhill-1] Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.

[2] Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.

[3] M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.

[4] Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]