Wellington Monument, Dublin

Wellington Monument
	Wellington Monument (Wellington Testimonial) in Dublin's Phoenix Park
	53°20′56″N 6°18′11″W / 53.3490°N 6.3031°W
Location	Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland
Designer	Robert Smirke
Type	Obelisk
Material	Granite
Height	62 metres (203 ft)
Beginning date	1817
Opening date	1861
Dedicated to	Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

The Wellington Monument (Irish: Leacht Wellington),^[2] or sometimes the Wellington Testimonial,^[a] is an obelisk located in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland.

The testimonial is situated at the southeast end of the Park, overlooking Kilmainham and the River Liffey. The structure is 62 metres (203 ft) tall, making it the largest obelisk in Europe.^[3]

History

The Wellington Testimonial was built to commemorate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellington, the British politician and general, also known as the 'Iron Duke', was born in Ireland. Originally planned to be located in Merrion Square, it was built in the Phoenix Park after opposition from the square's residents.^[4]

The obelisk was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke and the foundation stone was laid in 1817. There were plans for a statue of Wellington on horseback to be erected on a separate pedestal at the base of the obelisk, and when the obelisk was put in place in 1822, so too was this pedestal for the planned equestrian statue.^[5]^: 18:40 A shortage of funds eventually delayed the production of the intended statue, leaving the pedestal looking unfinished^[5]^: 18:50 for some decades^[6] until Wellington's death in 1852 which provoked a renewed urgency to complete the monument so that it wouldn't "look like an insult", according to Professor Paula Murphy at UCD.^[5]^: 18:21 Only the bronzes were installed at the base of the obelisk in the end, and the pedestal was removed.^[5]^: 19:00 On 18 June 1861 it was opened to the public.

Features

There are four bronze plaques cast from cannons captured at Waterloo – three of which have pictorial representations of his career while the fourth has an inscription.^[1] The plaques depict 'Civil and Religious Liberty' by John Hogan, 'Waterloo' by Thomas Farrell and the 'Indian Wars' by Joseph Robinson Kirk. The inscription reads:

Asia and Europe, saved by thee, proclaim

Invincible in war thy deathless name,

Now round thy brow the civic oak we twine

That every earthly glory may be thine.

Cultural references

The monument is referenced throughout James Joyce's Finnegans Wake. The first page of the novel alludes to a giant whose head is at "Howth Castle and Environs" and whose toes are at "a knock out in the park (p. 3)"; John Bishop extends the analogy, interpreting this centrally located obelisk as the prone giant's male member.^[7] A few pages later, the monument is the site of the fictional "Willingdone Museyroom" (p. 8).^[8]

Gallery

Engraving ca 1830 (including planned pedestal for statue of Wellington on horseback)
Inscription
Plaque
'Indian Wars'
'Waterloo'
Aerial view

Footnotes

^ A testimonial is erected to a living person, as Wellington was when construction started^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Wellington Monument, Phoenix Park, Dublin, Dublin City". buildingsofireland.ie. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
^ "Leacht Wellington / Wellington Monument". Irish Placenames Commission. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^ "1856 – Design for Wellington Testimonial, Phoenix Park, Dublin". Archiseek (Architecture site). 4 January 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^ Garnett, P. F. (June–August 1952). "The Wellington Testimonial". Dublin Historical Record. 13 (2): 48–61. JSTOR 30105448.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Murphy, Paula (29 January 2021). Sculpture Dublin Lectures: Engaging with Historic Sculpture in Dublin (1. The Story) (Video). City Hall, Dublin: Dealbhóireacht Bhaile Átha Cliath / Sculpture Dublin.
^ "1861 – Wellington Monument, Phoenix Park, Dublin". Archiseek (Architecture site). 5 February 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^ Bishop, John (1986), Joyce's Book of the Dark: Finnegans Wake, University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 34–35, ISBN 9780299108205
^ Tindall, William York (1996). A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815603856.

[3] A testimonial is erected to a living person, as Wellington was when construction started^[1]

[niah-1] "Wellington Monument, Phoenix Park, Dublin, Dublin City". buildingsofireland.ie. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

[2] "Leacht Wellington / Wellington Monument". Irish Placenames Commission. Retrieved 1 July 2015.

[4] "1856 – Design for Wellington Testimonial, Phoenix Park, Dublin". Archiseek (Architecture site). 4 January 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.

[well-5] Garnett, P. F. (June–August 1952). "The Wellington Testimonial". Dublin Historical Record. 13 (2): 48–61. JSTOR 30105448.

[DBAC-6] Murphy, Paula (29 January 2021). Sculpture Dublin Lectures: Engaging with Historic Sculpture in Dublin (1. The Story) (Video). City Hall, Dublin: Dealbhóireacht Bhaile Átha Cliath / Sculpture Dublin.

[7] "1861 – Wellington Monument, Phoenix Park, Dublin". Archiseek (Architecture site). 5 February 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2015.

[8] Bishop, John (1986), Joyce's Book of the Dark: Finnegans Wake, University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 34–35, ISBN 9780299108205

[9] Tindall, William York (1996). A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815603856.

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v t e Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Family	Wife: Catherine Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington Children: Arthur Charles Father: Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington Mother: Anne Wellesley, Countess of Mornington Brothers: Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley Sister: Lady Anne Culling Smith Nephews and nieces: Richard Anne Henry Priscilla William Georgiana
Battles and wars	Flanders Campaign Battle of Boxtel Fourth Anglo-Mysore War Battle of Seringapatam Second Anglo-Maratha War Battle of Assaye Peninsular War Battle of Roliça Battle of Vimeiro Second Battle of Porto Battle of Talavera Battle of Sabugal Third Siege of Badajoz Battle of Salamanca Battle of Vitoria Hundred Days Battle of Waterloo
Homes	Apsley House Stratfield Saye House Walmer Castle
Memorials	Wellington Arch Wellington's Column Wellington monuments Dublin London Somerset Wellington College, Berkshire Cultural depictions
Statues	Aldershot Glasgow London Royal Exchange Hyde Park Corner