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White House Office

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 21 min

White House Office
Agency overview
Formed1857; 167 years ago (1857)
HeadquartersWest Wing of the White House
Employees377
Agency executive
Parent agencyExecutive Office of the President of the United States
WebsiteWhite House Office

The White House Office is an entity within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP). The White House Office is headed by the White House chief of staff, who is also the head of the Executive Office of the President.[1] The staff work for and report directly to the president, including West Wing staff and the president's senior advisers. Almost all of the White House Office staff are political appointees of the president, do not require Senate confirmation and can be dismissed at the discretion of the president.

The staff of the various offices are based in the West Wing and East Wing of the White House, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, and the New Executive Office Building. Senior staff, with high level, close contact with the President, have the title Assistant to the President. Second-level staff have the title Deputy Assistant to the President, and third-level staff have the title Special Assistant to the President.[2] These aides oversee the political and policy interests of the president.

History

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The White House Office was established in the Executive Office of the President by Reorganization Plan 1 of 1939 and Executive Order 8248 to provide assistance to the president in the performance of activities incident to his immediate office.[3] The White House Office is organized in accordance with the wishes of each incumbent president and is directed by staff chosen by the president. A staff authorization was initially established in 1978 (92 Stat. 2445). Some presidential boards, committees, and commissions function organizationally as subunits of the White House Office.[4]

Although still a subunit of the EOP, the White House Office remains the center of the presidential staff system. In many ways it is closest to the president both in physical proximity, its top aides occupy most of the offices in the West Wing, and in its impact on the day-to-day operations, deliberations, policy agendas, and public communications of a presidency. During the transition to office and continuing throughout an administration, the president enjoys a great deal of discretion in terms of how the White House Office is organized.[1]

Mission

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The issues that confront the United States at any one time cannot be dealt with by the president alone, and therefore the president draws on the expertise of others in the administration and even within an administration as one chief of staff may differ from a predecessor or successor.

While chiefs of staff may differ in the degree of policy advice they provide a president, they are the managers of the White House staff system. At least in theory, they are the coordinators bringing the pieces together; they are the tone-setters and disciplinarians making for good organizational order, and often act as the gatekeeper for the president, overseeing every person, document and communication that goes to the president.[1]

Organization

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The White House Office under the administration of Joseph Biden as of November 2024 is as follows.

Office of the Chief of Staff

[edit]

Senior Advisors and Counselor to the President

[edit]

Domestic Policy Council

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  • Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Director of the Domestic Policy Council: Neera Tanden
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Domestic Policy Council: Brent Woolfork
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Communications Advisor for the Domestic Policy Council: Rykia Dorsey
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council for Economic Mobility: Robert Gordon
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council for Racial Justice & Equity: Kylie Patterson
    • Special Assistant to the President for Racial and Economic Justice: Andrea O'Neal
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council for Health & Veterans Affairs: Christian L. Young
    • Special Assistant to the President for Health Care: Jessica Schubel
    • Special Assistant to the President for Veterans Affairs: Terri Tannielian
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council for Immigration: Elisabeth "Betsy" Lawrence

Office of Domestic Climate Policy

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and White House National Climate Advisor: Ali Zaidi
    • Chief of Staff for the Office of Domestic Climate Policy: Medha Raj
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Climate Strategic Planning: Maggie Thomas
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Climate Advisor: Mary Repko
    • Special Assistant to the President for Climate, Policy, Finance and Innovation: Nana Ayensu
    • Special Assistant to the President for Climate Policy, Industrial Sector & Community Investment: Benjamin Beachy

Office of Gun Violence Prevention

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of the Office of Gun Violence Prevention: Stefanie Feldman[e]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Gun Violence Prevention: Gregory Jackson
    • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Gun Violence Prevention: Robert Wilcox

National Economic Council

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council: Lael Brainard[9]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the National Economic Council & Senior Communications Advisor: Robert Friedlander
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the National Economic Council for Economic & Tax Policy: David Hornung[10][11]
    • Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy: Rachel Brown
    • Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy: Michael Konczal
    • Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy: Michael Negron
    • Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy: Joshua Zoffer
    • Special Assistant to the President for Tax Policy: William Debot
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the National Economic Council for Competition & Policy: Jon Doenberg[12]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the National Economic Council for Industrial Policy: Navtej Dhillon[13]
    • Special Assistant to the President for Economic Development and Industrial Strategy: Alex Jacquez
    • Special Assistant to the President for Manufacturing and Industrial Policy: Monica Gorman
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the National Economic Council for Labor & Economy: Brendan Danaher[14]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Labor Advisor: Erika Dinkel-Smith
    • Special Assistant to the President for Labor Policy: Cassandra Robertson
  • White House Coordinator for CHIPS Implementation: Ryan Harper[15]

Office of Cabinet Affairs

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Cabinet Secretary: Evan Ryan[7]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Cabinet Affairs: Sanam Rastegar
  • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Cabinet Secretary: Vacant
  • Associate Director of Cabinet Affairs and Senior Advisor to the Cabinet Secretary: Serena Walker

Office of Communications

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  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Broadcast Media: Muriel Chase
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Coalitions Media: Luisana Perez-Fernandez
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Regional Media: Dhara Nayyar
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Research: Terry Moynihan

Office of the Press Secretary

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Press Secretary: Karine Jean-Pierre[7]
    • Chief of Staff for the Press Office and Advisor to the Press Secretary: Yemisi Egbewole
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Deputy Press Secretary & Senior Advisor for Strategic Response: Andrew Bates
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Deputy Press Secretary: Emily Simons
    • Assistant Press Secretary: Jeremy Edwards
    • Assistant Press Secretary: Angelo Fernandez-Hernandez
    • Assistant Press Secretary: Robyn Patterson
  • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Communications Advisor for Economic Messaging: Michael Kikukawa

Office of Speechwriting

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting: Vinay Reddy[7]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Presidential Speechwriter: Aviva Feuerstein
    • Senior Presidential Speechwriter: Brenda Jones

Office of Digital Strategy

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of Digital Strategy: Christian Tom
    • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Digital Strategy: Tericka Lambert
    • Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Digital Strategy: Patrick Stevenson
    • Director of Digital Engagement: Ariana Mushnick

Office of the First Lady

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the First Lady: Anthony Bernal[7]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Policy and Projects Director for the First Lady: Mala Adiga[7]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Strategic Planning & Senior Policy Advisor for the First Lady: John Scanlon
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Communications Director for the First Lady: Elizabeth Alexander
    • Special Assistant to the President and Press Secretary for the First Lady: Vanessa Valdivia
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Presidential Speechwriter for the First Lady: Mary Robbins
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and White House Social Secretary: Carlos Elizondo
    • Deputy Social Secretary: David Nurnberg
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Joining Forces: Sheila Casey

Gender Policy Council

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President for Gender Policy and Director of the Gender Policy Council: Jennifer Klein
    • Chief of Staff and Policy Advisor for the Gender Policy Council: Trisha Ann Castaneda
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Gender Policy Council: Katherine Keith
  • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Gender Policy Council for Global Gender Policy: Rachel Vogelstein
  • Special Assistant to the President for Gender Policy: Rhea Fernandes

Office of Intergovernmental Affairs

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs: Tom Perez
    • Chief of Staff for the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs: Mitchel Rosenberg[17]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs: Daniel Arrigg Koh[17]
    • Director for Puerto Rico and Territories for the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs: Gretchen Sierra-Zorita[17]
    • Director of Tribal Affairs & Senior Advisor for the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs: Rose Petoskey[17]
  • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for States & Implementation: Ryan Whalen[17]
  • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Governors: Vacant
  • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Mayors & City Councils: Stephanie Sykes[17]
  • Advisor for the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs for Counties: Rick Hart[17]

Office of Legislative Affairs

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  • Assistant to the President and Director of the Office of Legislative Affairs: Shuwanza Goff[18]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Legislative Affairs: Garrett Lamm[19]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Legislative Affairs & House Liaison: Meredith Ashley Jones
    • Special Assistant to the President and House Legislative Affairs Liaison: Alma Acosta Garcia
    • Special Assistant to the President and House Legislative Affairs Liaison: Colleen Carlos
    • Special Assistant to the President and House Legislative Affairs Liaison: Jim Cho
    • Special Assistant to the President and House Legislative Affairs Liaison: Audra Jackson
    • Special Assistant to the President and House Legislative Affairs Liaison: Diala Jadallah-Redding
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Legislative Affairs & Senate Liaison: Andrew Wallace
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senate Legislative Affairs Liaison: Elizabeth Darrell
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senate Legislative Affairs Liaison: Benjamin Merkel
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senate Legislative Affairs Liaison: Dana Shubat
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Legislative Affairs: Lee Slater
    • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Confirmations: Heather Samuelson

Office of Management and Administration

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of Management and Administration and Director of the Office of Administration: Dave Noble
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of the Management and Administration: Andrea Valverde
  • Office of Administration
    • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Administration: Sarah Feldmann
      • General Counsel for the Office of Administration: Vacant
      • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Finance: Courtney Rizzo
  • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Management and Administration for Operations
  • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Management and Administration for Management: Jeffrey Wexler
    • White House Office of Personnel
      • Special Assistant to the President and Director of White House Personnel Office: Dalmyra P. Caesar
      • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Employee Engagement & Leadership Development: Lauren Reyes
    • White House Switchboard
    • White House Office of Technology
      • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Technology: Austin Lin

Office of the National Security Advisor

[edit]

Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy[22]

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy: Paul A. Friedrichs[22]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy: Nikki Romanik
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Domestic Preparedness: Chandresh Harjivan

Office of Political Strategy and Outreach

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President[23] and Director of Political Strategy and Outreach: Emmy Ruiz[7]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Political Strategy And Outreach: Rachel Chiu[24]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Political Strategy and Outreach: Dennis Cheng[25]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Political Operations: Ryan Quinn
    • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Political Outreach: Victoria Taylor[26]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of Strategic Outreach: Ashley Williams
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Political Engagement: John McCarthy[27]

Office of Presidential Personnel

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of Presidential Personnel: Gautam Raghavan[7]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Presidential Personnel: Brooks Mears
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Presidential Personnel: Stacy Eichner[28]
    • Special Assistant to the President for Climate and Science Agency Personnel: Sara Jordan
    • Special Assistant to the President for Domestic Agency Personnel: Analysse Escobar
    • Special Assistant to the President for Economic Agency Personnel: Ryan Hubbard
    • Special Assistant to the President for Presidential Boards and Commissions: Meredith Jachowicz
    • Special Assistant to the President for National Security Agency Personnel: Salem Mariam
    • Special Assistant to the President for Candidate Recruitment and Congressional Outreach: Mariana Adame
    • Special Assistant to the President for Leadership Development and Appointee Engagement: Danielle Millones
    • Special Assistant to the President for Strategy and Operations: Alexandra Greenstein

Office of Public Engagement

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Public Engagement and Director of the Office of Public Engagement: Steve Benjamin
    • Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the Director of the Office of Public Engagement: Jennifer Kaplan[29]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Public Engagement: Erica Loewe[29]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Principal Deputy Director of the Office of Public Engagement: Jamie Citron[29]
    • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the Office of Public Engagement: Michael Hayes[29]
      • Senior Advisor for Public Engagement and Faith Engagement Liaison: Reverend Thomas Bowen[29]
      • Senior Advisor for Public Engagement and Jewish Community Liaison: Shelley Greenspan[29][g]
      • Senior Advisor for Public Engagement and Latino/Latina Engagement Liaison: Kevin Lima[29]
      • Senior Advisor for Public Engagement and Veterans & Military Engagement Liaison: Dr. Tahina Montoya[29]
      • Senior Advisor for Public Engagement and LGBTQI+ & Youth Liaison: Kenneth Sandoval-Bushur
    • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Partnerships & Private Sector Engagement: Kate Balcerzak[29]

Office of Scheduling and Advance

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Director of Scheduling and Advance: Ryan Montoya
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Scheduling and Avance: PaaWee Rivera
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Presidential Scheduling: Camillo Haller
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Presidential Advance: Vacant
    • Director of Presidential Advance Operations: Benjamin Solomon
    • Director of Presidential Press Advance: Nicolette Jaworski
  • Special Assistant to the President and Trip Director: Vacant
    • Director of White House Travel Office: Keri Sibley
  • Director of Presidential Production: Larry Hale
  • Director of Presidential Video Production: Joy Ngugi

Office of the Staff Secretary

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary: Stefanie Feldman[h]
    • Chief of Staff for the Office of the Staff Secretary: Fiona Byon
  • Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Staff Secretary: Adele El-Khouri

Office of Presidential Correspondence

[edit]
  • Special Assistant to the President and Director of Presidential Correspondence: Geraldine De Puy
    • Deputy Director of Presidential Correspondence: Joseph Ricard
      • Director of Presidential Correspondence Management: Philip Mattson
      • Director of Special Projects for Presidential Correspondence: Gregory Trainor
    • Deputy Director of Presidential Correspondence for Writing: Elizabeth Roberts
      • Senior Presidential Writer: Jessica Brouard

Office of the Executive Clerk

[edit]
  • Executive Clerk: David E. Kalbaugh
    • Deputy Executive Clerk: Edwin Thomas
    • Assistant Executive Clerk: Brian Pate

Office of Records Management

[edit]
  • Director of Records Management: Philip Droege
    • Deputy Director and Senior Advisor for Records Management: Paul S. Raizk
      • Supervisor for Records Management: Mary Brooke
      • Supervisor for Records Management: Kittle Evenson
      • Supervisor for Records Management: Vy Hoang
      • Supervisor for Records Management: Elizabeth Varghese
      • Senior Records Management Analyst: Rebekah Denz
      • Senior Records Management Analyst: Abby Gipe
      • Senior Records Management Analyst: Taeshonda King

Office of the White House Counsel

[edit]
  • Assistant to the President and White House Counsel: Ed Siskel
    • Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Office of White House Counsel & Senior Counsel: Michael Posada
    • Deputy Assistant to the President and Spokesperson for the White House Counsel: Vacant[31]
  • Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Counsel & Legal Advisor to the NSC: Joshua Geltzer[32]
  • Deputy Counsel to the President: Russell Anello
  • Deputy Counsel to the President: Rachel Cotton
  • Deputy Counsel to the President: Tyeesha Dixon
  • Deputy Counsel to the President: Karl Thompson
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Associate Counsel: Osasu Dorsey
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Associate Counsel: Jeremy Kreisberg
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Associate Counsel: Jonathan Meltzer
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Associate Counsel: Ricardo Rios
      • Special Assistant to the President and Associate Counsel: Magdey Adallah
      • Special Assistant to the President and Associate Counsel: Sophia Brill
      • Special Assistant to the President and Associate Counsel: Beth Mueller
      • Special Assistant to the President and Associate Counsel: Raymond Tolentino
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Counsel: Kevin Barstow
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Counsel: Phillip Brest
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Counsel: Megan Ceronsky
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Counsel: Sean Crotty

Oval Office Operations

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White House Fellows

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White House Military Office

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Notes

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  1. ^ Concurrently serves as Senior Advisor to the President.
  2. ^ Concurrently serving as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations.
  3. ^ Concurrently serving as the Director of the Office of Public Engagement.
  4. ^ Concurrently serving as the Director of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs.
  5. ^ Concurrently serves as White House Staff Secretary
  6. ^ Concurrently serves as Senior Advisor to the President for Communications
  7. ^ Concurrently serves as the Director of Partnerships & Global Engagement for the National Security Council
  8. ^ Concurrently serves as the Director of the Office of Gun Violence Prevention.

References

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  1. ^ a b c John P. Burke. "Administration of the White House". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
  2. ^ Kumar, Martha Joynt. "Assistants to the President at 18 Months: White House Turnover Among the Highest Ranking Staff and Positions" (PDF). Whitehousetransitionproject.org. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  3. ^ "Executive Orders". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  4. ^ Harold C. Relyea (March 17, 2008). "The Executive Office of the President: An Historical Overview" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
  5. ^ Diamond, Jeremy (February 8, 2023). "Natalie Quillian to serve as Biden's deputy chief of staff". CNN. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  6. ^ "President Biden Announces Key White House Personnel". White House Briefing Room. May 5, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "White House Senior Staff". Biden-Harris Transition. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
  8. ^ Mike Allen (August 8, 2024). "Ben LaBolt, Biden communications director, promoted to senior adviser". Axios.
  9. ^ "President Biden Announces Key Members of his Economic Team". White House Briefing Room. February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  10. ^ "Brainard to Get New Deputy With Portfolio on Housing, Markets", Bloomberg, August 29, 2023, retrieved September 30, 2024
  11. ^ "Remarks by National Economic Council Deputy Director Daniel Hornung on the Generational Opportunity to Reorient the Tax System in 2025", White House Briefing Room, June 17, 2024, retrieved September 30, 2024
  12. ^ ["Jon Donenberg, top Elizabeth Warren aide, to join Biden's National Economic Council", CNN, October 23, 2023, retrieved September 30, 2024
  13. ^ "Biden Taps New Advisers Focused on China, Inflation in 2024", Bloomberg, March 22, 2024, retrieved September 30, 2024
  14. ^ "Biden Names Brendan Danaher as Top Labor Policy Adviser", Bloomberg, August 21, 2023, retrieved September 30, 2024
  15. ^ "CHIPS and Sciences Act will create manufacturing and construction jobs in New Mexico", KRWG Public Media, April 30, 2024, retrieved September 30, 2024
  16. ^ Monica Alba (August 16, 2024). "White House plans staff moves as aides switch to Harris campaign". NBC News. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g "Office of Intergovernmental Affairs - Meet the team". The White House. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  18. ^ "Biden chooses a longtime Hill aide respected by Republicans as his new legislative affairs director". AP News. July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  19. ^ "Top Biden legislative aide is leaving the White House". Politico. March 15, 2024. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  20. ^ "Scoop: Daleep Singh to return to White House". Axios. February 15, 2024. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  21. ^ "The drama around a photog's firing". www.politico.com. November 17, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  22. ^ a b House, The White (July 21, 2023). "FACT SHEET: White House Launches Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy". The White House. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  23. ^ "Inside the Books White House". Openthebooks.com.
  24. ^ "White House". Open The Books. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  25. ^ "Scoop: Clinton fundraiser poised to join White House". Axios. October 19, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  26. ^ "Biden Administration hires UNC Charlotte grad, NC native". Charlotte Observer. September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  27. ^ "Look what you made (us) do". Politico. November 8, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  28. ^ "The Biden-Bernie showdown", Politico, July 11, 2023, retrieved September 30, 2024
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Meet the (OPE) Team". The White House. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  30. ^ "President Biden Announces Erika L. Moritsugu as Deputy Assistant to the President and Asian American and Pacific Islander Senior Liaison". The White House. April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  31. ^ "Ian Sams will leave White House and join Harris campaign". Washington Post. August 16, 2024. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  32. ^ "The drama around a photog's firing". Politico. November 17, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  33. ^ "Julia Reed LinkedIn Profile", LinkedIn, retrieved September 30, 2024
  34. ^ "Drew Rodriguez LinkedIn Profile", LinkedIn, retrieved September 30, 2024
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