Write (Unix)

write
Original author(s)	Dennis Ritchie,; Ken Thompson
Developer(s)	AT&T Bell Laboratories
Initial release	November 3, 1971; 53 years ago
Operating system	Unix and Unix-like
Platform	Cross-platform
Type	Command

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, write is a utility used to send messages to another user by writing a message directly to another user's TTY.^[1]

History

The write command was included in the First Edition of the Research Unix operating system.^[2] A similar command appeared in Compatible Time-Sharing System.^[3]

Sample usage

The syntax for the write command is:

$ write user [tty]
message

The write session is terminated by sending EOF, which can be done by pressing Ctrl+D. The tty argument is only necessary when a user is logged into more than one terminal.^[4]

A conversation initiated between two users on the same machine:

$ write root pts/7
test

Will show up to the user on that console as:

Message from root@wiki on pts/8 at 11:19 ...
test

References

^ write(1) – Version 7 Unix Programmer's Manual
^ Unix Programmer's Manual (PDF) (1st ed.). Bell Labs. 3 November 1971. p. write(1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ Fetter, Mirko (2019). New Concepts for Presence and Availability in Ubiquitous and Mobile Computing. University of Bamberg Press. p. 38. ISBN 9783863096236. The basic concept of sending instantaneously messages to logged in users came with ... CTSS ...
^ write(1) – util-linux man page

[1] write(1) – Version 7 Unix Programmer's Manual

[2] Unix Programmer's Manual (PDF) (1st ed.). Bell Labs. 3 November 1971. p. write(1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.

[3] Fetter, Mirko (2019). New Concepts for Presence and Availability in Ubiquitous and Mobile Computing. University of Bamberg Press. p. 38. ISBN 9783863096236. The basic concept of sending instantaneously messages to logged in users came with ... CTSS ...

[4] write(1) – util-linux man page

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

v t e Unix command-line interface programs and shell builtins
File system	cat chattr chmod chown chgrp cksum cmp cp dd du df file fuser ln ls mkdir mv pax pwd rm rmdir split tee touch type umask
Processes	at bg crontab fg kill nice ps time
User environment	env exit logname mesg talk tput uname who write
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Categories Standard Unix programs Unix SUS2008 utilities List

Original author(s)	Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson
Developer(s)	AT&T Bell Laboratories
Initial release	November 3, 1971; 53 years ago (1971-11-03)
Operating system	Unix and Unix-like
Platform	Cross-platform
Type	Command

Write (Unix)

History

Sample usage

See also

References