Yamunotri

Yamunotri
Yamunotri
Glacier
	Yamuna River at Yamunotri
	Yamunotri Yamunotri
	Coordinates: 31°01′N 78°27′E / 31.01°N 78.45°E
Country	India
State	Uttarakhand
District	Uttarkashi
Vehicle registration	UK
Website	badrinath-kedarnath.gov.in

Yamunotri, also Jamnotri, is the source of the Yamuna River and the seat of the Goddess Yamuna in Hinduism.^[1] It is situated at an altitude of 3,293 metres (10,804 ft) in the Garhwal Himalayas and located approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) North of Uttarkashi, the headquarters of the Uttarkashi district in the Garhwal Division of Uttarakhand, India. It is one of the four sites in India's Chota Char Dham pilgrimage. The sacred shrine of Yamunotri, source of the river Yamuna, is the westernmost shrine in the Garhwal Himalayas, perched atop a flank of the Bandarpunch mountain. The chief attraction at Yamunotri is the temple devoted to the Goddess Yamuna and the holy thermal springs at Janki Chatti which is 7 km away.

The actual source, a frozen lake of ice and glacier (Champasar Glacier) located on the Kalind Mountain at a height of 4,421 m above sea level, about 1 km further up, is not frequented generally as it is not accessible; hence the shrine has been located on the foot of the hill. The approach is extremely difficult and pilgrims therefore offer puja at the temple itself.

Mythology

Yamunotri as depicted by James Baillie Fraser (1820)

According to Hindu legend, Sage Asita had his hermitage here. All his life, he bathed daily both in the Ganges and the Yamuna. Unable to go to the Gangotri during his old age, a stream of the Ganges appeared opposite Yamunotri for him.

Sangya is the birthplace of the Yamuna in the Champasar Glacier (4,421 m) just below the Banderpoonch Mountain. The mountain adjacent to the river source is dedicated to her father, and is called Kalinda Parvata (Kalinda is an epithet of the sun god Surya).

Geography

Yamunotri is located at 31°01′N 78°27′E / 31.01°N 78.45°E / 31.01; 78.45.^[2] It has an average elevation of 3,954 metres (12,972 ft).

Yamuna River

The actual source of Yamuna River lies in the Yamunotri Glacier, at a height of 6,387 metres (20,955 ft), near the Bandarpunch peaks in the Lower Himalayas and is dedicated to goddess Yamuna.^[3]^[1] It crosses the states of Uttarakhand, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and later Delhi before merging with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj.

Yamunotri Temple

Yamunotri Temple is situated in the western region of Garhwal Himalayas at an altitude of 3,235 metres (10,614 ft) near the river source.^[4] The temple was built in 1839 by Sundarshan Shah who was the king of the cultural center of Tehri.^[5] There was a small shrine at the site prior to the construction of the temple. The Divya Shila and Surya Kund are located near the temple.^[6] The Yamunotri Temple, on the left bank of the Yamuna, was constructed by Maharaja Pratap Shah of Tehri Garhwal. The deity is made of black marble. The Yamuna, like the Ganges, has been elevated to the status of a divine mother for the Hindus and has been held responsible for nurturing and developing the Indian civilisation.

There are hot water springs located close to the temple. Surya Kund is the most important. Near the Surya Kund there is a rock called Divya Shila, which is worshipped prior to offering worship to Yamuna.^[7] Devotees prepare rice and potatoes, tied in muslin cloth, to offer at the shrine by dipping them in these hot water springs. The cooked rice is taken back home as prasada.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N–Z. Rosen. p. 778. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.
^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Yamnotri, India". www.fallingrain.com.
^ Jain, Sharad K.; Pushpendra K. Agarwal; Vijay P. Singh (2007). Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library. Springer. pp. 344–354. ISBN 978-1-4020-5179-1.
^ India9.com. "India9.com:Yamunotri".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Haberman, David L. (2006). River of love in an age of pollution : the Yamuna River of northern India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism : an alphabetical guide. New Delhi: Penguin Books.
^ Rana, J. P. Singh (1997). Himalayan Heritage. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 5. ISBN 978-81-7533-026-9.
^ Pinkey, Andrea M. (9 April 2024). "Prasāda, the gracious gift, in contemporary and classical South Asia". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 81 (3). Oxford University Press: 744. JSTOR 24488087.

[:0-1] Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N–Z. Rosen. p. 778. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.

[2] "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Yamnotri, India". www.fallingrain.com.

[hy-3] Jain, Sharad K.; Pushpendra K. Agarwal; Vijay P. Singh (2007). Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library. Springer. pp. 344–354. ISBN 978-1-4020-5179-1.

[Yamunotri-4] India9.com. "India9.com:Yamunotri".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[5] Haberman, David L. (2006). River of love in an age of pollution : the Yamuna River of northern India. Berkeley: University of California Press.

[6] Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism : an alphabetical guide. New Delhi: Penguin Books.

[7] Rana, J. P. Singh (1997). Himalayan Heritage. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 5. ISBN 978-81-7533-026-9.

[8] Pinkey, Andrea M. (9 April 2024). "Prasāda, the gracious gift, in contemporary and classical South Asia". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 81 (3). Oxford University Press: 744. JSTOR 24488087.

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v t e Hindu temples in Uttarakhand
Almora	Golu Devta Temple Jagnath Temple
Bageshwar	Bagnath Temple Baijnath Group of Temples
Chamoli	Badrinath Temple Kalpeshwar Temple Rudranath Temple Tungnath Temple
Champawat	Baleshwar Temple
Dehradun	Lakhamandal Mahasu Devta Temple Bharat Temple Tapkeshwar Mahadev Temple
Haridwar	Chandi Devi Temple Daksheswar Mahadev Temple Har Ki Pauri Mansa Devi Temple Maya Devi Temple
Nainital	Garjiya Devi Temple
Pauri Garhwal	Dhari Devi Temple Neelkanth Mahadev Temple Raghunath Binsar Mahadev Tarkeshwar Mahadev
Pithoragarh	Berinag Temple Patal Bhuvaneshwar
Rudraprayag	Guptakashi Temple Kedarnath Temple Madhyamaheshwar Temple Rudraunath Temple Triyuginarayan Temple
Tehri Garhwal	Chandrabadani Temple Rudreshwar Mahadev Temple Surkanda Devi Temple
Udham Singh Nagar	Moteshwar Mahadev Temple Balsundari Temple
Uttarkashi	Gangotri Temple Yamunotri Temple