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York (UK Parliament constituency)

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 22 min

City of York
Former borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of City of York in North Yorkshire for the 2005 general election
Outline map
Location of North Yorkshire within England
CountyNorth Yorkshire
Major settlementsYork
1265–2010
SeatsOne
Replaced byYork Central, York Outer

York was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1265 until 2010. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) until 1918, and one thereafter under the first-past-the-post system of election. From 1997 to 2010 it was known as City of York.

Boundaries

[edit]

This constituency area tracked the municipal government area of York. Each general revision of English constituencies from 1885 would redefine the York constituency to include any changes to the city council area since the previous revision.

Boundaries of the parliamentary borough / borough constituency of York / City of York
From Legislation Limits Area Notes
Medieval Prescription The ancient borough, or "city and liberty", of York.[1] 2,720 acres (1,100 ha)[2] A freeman borough in which freedom of the city ("citizenship") could be acquired by patrimony (inheritance), servitude (apprenticeship) or purchase.[3][1][4] The "city" was the medieval walled city, but the boundary of the surrounding "liberty" was uncertain.[1][4] The Minster Yard, an extra-parochial place around York Minster, was excluded from the ancient and parliamentary borough,[1] as was York Castle.[4] Although the Ainsty to the west of the city was annexed to the county of the city in 1449 by letters patent,[5] it was not annexed to the borough; patrimony or servitude in the Ainsty did not make one eligible for citizenship,[1] and Ainsty forty shilling freeholders voted for Yorkshire MPs (confirmed in 1736[4][6]) rather than York MPs.[3] Freeholdings within the borough gave no franchise.[3][7]
1832 Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 The ancient borough plus two extensions encompassing urbanised parts of the adjoining townships: one to the north, through Clifton and Heworth between the River Ouse and Tang Hall Beck; the other to the southeast through Fulford.[1][8] 2,789 acres (1,129 ha)[9] The Parliamentary Boundaries Act specified the complete boundary explicitly, to resolve uncertainty over the extent of the "liberty",[8][1] especially at the Knavesmire, unresolved until the Ordnance Survey mapped the area in detail in 1852.[4][10]
1885 Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 The previous parliamentary borough of York plus the current (1884[10]) boundaries of the municipal borough of York.[11] 3,591 acres (1,453 ha)[12] The Representation of the People Act 1884 was a partial reform from a property-based franchise towards a residence-based one, with a grandfather clause protecting those who would otherwise have lost their vote. The broader municipal boundary defined the reformed franchise, while the older parliamentary boundary was for the grandfathered property owners.
1918 Representation of the People Act 1918 The current (1893[10]) boundaries of the county borough and city of York, including York Castle.[13] 3,730 acres (1,510 ha)[14][15] The representation was also reduced from two members to one. As late as 1951 there was uncertainty over whether the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 had brought the castle within the municipal borough (county borough from 1889);[16] it was included explicitly by the 1918 act but implicitly by the 1948 act.
1950 Representation of the People Act 1948 The current (1937[10]) boundaries of the county borough and city of York. 6,409 acres (2,594 ha)[15] Consequent on the Initial Review of Westminster constituencies
1964 Parliamentary Constituencies (Leeds, York and Barkston Ash) Order, 1960[17] The current (1957[17]) boundaries of the county borough and city of York. 6,933 acres (2,806 ha)[15][18] Consequent on the 1959 report of the Boundary Commission for England[19]
Feb. 1974 Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1970[20] The current (1968) boundaries of the county borough and city of York. 2,946 hectares (7,280 acres)[21] Consequent on the Second Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies
1983 Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983[22] The current (1968) boundaries of the non-metropolitan district and city of York. 2,946 hectares (7,280 acres)[23] Consequent on the Third Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies
1997 Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995[24] The current (1968) boundaries of the non-metropolitan district and city of York. Consequent on the Fourth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. The name of the constituency was also changed from "York" to "City of York". The non-metropolitan district of York was abolished in 1996 and subsumed into a new, larger, unitary authority named the City of York;[25] however, this did not affect the parliamentary constituency boundary.

History

[edit]

By virtue of its importance, York was regularly represented in Parliament from an early date: it had been required to send delegates to the assembly of 1265, but no actual returns survive until the end of the 13th century. The structure of the civic government of the city provided the basis by which it elected its Parliamentary representatives. In the years following the city's Royal Charter, granted in the 1150s, power was held by a Lord Mayor and associated bailiffs. Further expansion of governance saw the establishment of coroners, sheriffs and aldermen. The appointment of twelve aldermen in 1399 led to the establishment of the City Council. Subsequently, other tiers of governance, such as the probi homines and the communitas, would eventually provide the bodies for the election of MPs. Those who occupied such positions were all freemen of the city and frequently came form the mercantile classes rather than the nobility, and were considered the electorate of the city. In the beginnings of the constituency this electorate was about twenty four, but had risen to around seventy five by 1690. Early in the 18th century, the number of freemen being made had increased significantly and this further increased the electorate. By the election of 1830, there were about 3,800 registered voters.[26]

There was a period between 1581 and 1597 where elections were a two-stage process. In the first stage, member of the common chamber of the council and 50 freeholders cast votes and the top four contenders would progress to a second ballot. This ballot was conducted by the Lord Mayor and the aldermen and the top two would be returned as MPs. In 1597 this process was reduced to a single ballot whereby all of those in both the commons and assembly of York would cast two votes. The two contenders with the most votes were returned as MP. From 1628 the process became fully open, as previously the process had an element of pre-approval by the Lord mayor and the aldermen.[26]

A borough constituency consisting of the city of York has been represented in every Parliament since the Model Parliament of 1295. Until 1918, it returned two MPs; since then it has returned one. Until 1997, when its official name became City of York with no boundary changes,[27] the constituency was usually simply called York.

Following their review of parliamentary representation in North Yorkshire, the Boundary Commission for England recommended the creation of two new seats for the City of York. Both the City of York and Vale of York seats were abolished in 2010 and replaced by two new constituencies, namely York Central and York Outer.

Members of Parliament

[edit]

1265-1660

[edit]
Parliament First member Second member
1294 Nicholas de Selby Roger Basy[28]
1297 John le Espicer Nicholas Clarevaux[28]
1297 John le Sezevaux Gilbert de Arnald[28]
1299 John de Askham Andrew de Bolingbroke[28]
1304 Thomas le Anguiler John de Sezevaux[28]
1305 John de Graham Roger de Roston[28]
1306 John de Askam John de Sezevaux[28]
1307 John de Askam John de Ebor[28]
1308 Thomas de Norfolk Nicholas Grantbridge[28]
1310 John de Graa Thomas Aguiler[28]
1311 Thomas de Alwerthorpe John Segge[28]
1312 Thomas de Redness Nicholas Sezevaux[28]
1313 Nicholas Sezevaux John de Appelton[28]
1314 John de Appelton John de Ughtred[28]
1318 John de Sexdecim Vallibus (Sezevaux) Henry Calvert[28]
1321 Henry Calvert Thomas de Redness[28]
1325 John de Askam Simon de Kingston[28]
1326 William de Redness Henry de Bolton[28]
1327 Thomas de Redness Nicholas Sezevaux[28]
1327 Richard Tannock Thomas de Montefort[28]
1328 William Fox William de Baronia[28]
1328 Thomas de Pontefract John de Burton[28]
1329 Thomas de Gargrave John de Kyrkeby[28]
1349 John de Womme Richard de Saugerry[28]
1340 Hamo Hassoy Gilbert Picklinton[28]
1341 Walter Keldsterne Henry Golbeter[28]
1341 Thomas fil Richard Jihn Ichon[28]
1342 Henry Goldbeter Walter Keldsterne[28]
1344 Thomas de Redness John de Heton[28]
1346 John de Sherburne Richard de Setterington[28]
1347 William Graa Walter Keldsterne[28]
1348 William Graa William Skipwith[28]
1350 Roger Noringvill Walter Kelletern[28]
1352 Hugo de Miton John de Creyke[28]
1352 Hamo de Hessay [28]
1353 William Graa Hamo de Hessay[28]
1355 Roger de Normanville William Graa[28]
1359 Thomas Auguber John de Sexdecim Vallibus (Sezevaux)
Roger de Henningham[28]
1360 John de Gisburn [28]
1360 William Graa [28]
1362 John de Allerton Roger de Selby[28]
1364 William Graa Robert Hawton[28]
1365 William Graa John de Acastre[28]
1369 William Graa John de Acastre[28]
1371 William Graa [28]
1372 William Graa Robert Hawton[28]
1373 John de Gisburn John de Acastre[28]
1376 Thomas Graa John Eshton[28]
1378 John de Acastre Thomas Graa[28]
1379 Thomas Graa Roger de Moreton[28]
1382 William Savage William Selby[28]
1383 Thomas Graa William Selby[28]
1384 Thomas Quixley John Howden[28]
1385 Thomas Graa Thomas Howden[28]
1386 Thomas Graa Robert Savage[29]
1388 (February) Thomas Holme John Howden[29]
1388 (September) John Ripon John Howden[29]
1390 (January)
1390 (November)
1391 William Selby John Howden[29]
1393 Thomas Graa William Helmsley[29]
1394 Thomas Graa John __?[29]
1395 Thomas Graa William Selby[29]
1397 (January) Thomas Graa William Selby[29]
1397 (September)
1399 William Frost John Bolton[29]
1401
1402 Robert Talkan Robert Ward[29]
1404 (January)
1404 (October)
1406
1407 Robert Talkan John Bolton[29]
1410
1411
1413 (February)
1413 (May) Thomas Santon[29] William Alne
1414 (April)
1414 (November) Robert Holme John Northby[29]
1415 John Morton Richard Russell[29]
1416 (March) William Bowes[29] William Alne
1416 (October)
1417 Thomas Santon John Blackburn[29]
1419 Thomas Gare John Northby[29]
1420 John Penrith Henry Preston[29]
1421 (May) William Bowes John Morton[29]
1421 (December) Thomas Gare William Ormshead[29]|
1422 William Bowes[30] Richard Russell[31]
1425 Richard Russell[32]
1426 William Ormshead[33]
1431 William Ormshead[34] William Bowes[30]
1492 Thomas Scotton
1504 William Nelson[35]
1510 William Nelson Brian Palmes[36]
1512 William Nelson Thomas Drawswerd[36]
1515 William Nelson William Wright[36]
1523 Thomas Burton John Norman[36]
1529 Peter Jackson, died
and replaced in January 1533 by George Gale		 George Lawson[36]
1536 George Gale Sir George Lawson[36]
1539 John Hogeson William Tancred[36]
1542 John Hogeson George Gale[36]
1545 John North Robert Hall[36]
1547 Thomas Gargrave William Holme[36]
1553 (March) William Watson William Holme[36]
1553 (October) John North Robert Hall[36]
1554 (April) John Beane Richard White[36]
1554 (November) William Holme William Coupland[36]
1555 William Holme Reginald Beseley[36]
1558 William Holme Robert Paycock[36]
1558–1559 William Watson Richard Goldthorpe[37]
1562 (December) William Watson Ralph Hall[37]
1571 (March) Ralph Hall Hugh Graves[37]
1572 (April) Gregory Paycock, sick
and replaced in February 1581 by Robert Askwith		 Hugh Graves[37]
1584 William Robinson Robert Brooke[37]
1586 (October) William Hillard Robert Brooke[37]
1588 (November) Robert Askwith William Robinson[37]
1593 Andrew Trewe James Birkby[37]
1597 (September) James Birkby Thomas Moseley[37]
1601 (October) Sir John Bennet Henry Hall[37]
1604 Robert Askwith Christopher Brooke
1614 Sir Robert Askwith Christopher Brooke
1621 Sir Robert Askwith Christopher Brooke
1624 Sir Arthur Ingram Christopher Brooke
1625 Sir Arthur Ingram Christopher Brooke
1626 Sir Arthur Ingram Christopher Brooke
1628 Sir Arthur Ingram Sir Thomas Savile
replaced after petition by Thomas Hoyle
1629–1640 No Parliaments Summoned

Short Parliament

Long Parliament

Barebones Parliament

  • 1653: Thomas St. Nicholas

First Protectorate Parliament

Second Protectorate Parliament

Third Protectorate Parliament

Long Parliament (restored)

1660-1918

[edit]
Election First member[38] First party Second member[38] Second party
1660 Sir Thomas Widdrington Sir Metcalfe Robinson
1661 Colonel John Scott
1665 Sir Thomas Osborne
1673 Sir Henry Thompson[39]
1679 Whig Sir John Hewley Whig
1685 Sir John Reresby Tory Sir Metcalfe Robinson
1689 Viscount Dunblane Tory Edward Thompson
1690 Robert Waller Henry Thompson
1695 Edward Thompson Tobias Jenkins
1698 Sir William Robinson
January 1701 Edward Thompson
December 1701 Tobias Jenkins
1705 Robert Benson
1713 Robert Fairfax
1715 Tobias Jenkins
1722 Sir William Milner, 1st Baronet Edward Thompson
1734 Sir John Lister Kaye
1741 Godfrey Wentworth
1742 George Fox[40] Tory
1747 William Thornton
1754 Sir John Armytage
1758 William Thornton
1761 Sir George Armytage Robert Fox-Lane
1768 Charles Turner[41] Lord John Cavendish Whig
1783 The Viscount Galway Tory[42]
1784 Richard Slater Milnes Tory[42]
1790 Sir William Mordaunt Milner Whig[42]
1802 Lawrence Dundas Whig[42]
1807 Sir Mark Masterman-Sykes Tory[42]
1811 Lawrence Dundas Whig[42]
March 1820 Marmaduke Wyvill Whig[42]
June 1820 Robert Chaloner Whig[42]
1826 James Wilson Tory[42]
1830 Hon. Thomas Dundas Whig[42] Samuel Adlam Bayntun Tory[42]
1832 Hon. Edward Petre Whig[42]
1833 Hon. Thomas Dundas Whig[42]
1835 Hon. John Dundas Whig[42][43][44][45] John Lowther Conservative[42]
1841 Henry Redhead Yorke Whig[46][47][42]
1847 John George Smyth Conservative
1848 William Milner Whig[48][49][50]
1857 Joshua Westhead Whig
1859 Liberal
1865 George Leeman Liberal James Lowther Conservative
1868 Joshua Westhead Liberal
1871 George Leeman Liberal
1880 Joseph Johnson Leeman Liberal Ralph Creyke Liberal
1883 Sir Frederick Milner Conservative
1885 Alfred Pease Liberal Frank Lockwood Liberal
1892 John Butcher Conservative
1898 Admiral Lord Charles Beresford Conservative
1900 Denison Faber Conservative
1906 Hamar Greenwood Liberal
January 1910 Arnold Rowntree Liberal John Butcher Conservative
1918 Representation reduced to one member

1918–2010

[edit]
Election Member[38] Party
1918 John Butcher Conservative
1923 Sir John Marriott Conservative
1929 Frederick George Burgess Labour
1931 Roger Lumley Conservative
1937 by-election Charles Wood Conservative
1945 John Corlett Labour
1950 Sir Harry Hylton-Foster Conservative
1959 Charles Longbottom Conservative
1966 Alex Lyon Labour
1983 Conal Gregory Conservative
1992 Sir Hugh Bayley Labour
2010 constituency abolished: see York Central and York Outer

Elections

[edit]

Elections in the 1830s

[edit]
General election 1830: York (2 seats)[42][51]
Party Candidate Votes %
Tory Samuel Adlam Bayntun 1,928 34.3
Whig Thomas Dundas 1,907 33.9
Whig Edward Petre 1,792 31.8
Turnout 3,725 c. 98.0
Registered electors c. 3,800
Majority 21 0.4
Tory hold
Majority 115 2.1
Whig hold
General election 1831: York (2 seats)[42][51]
Party Candidate Votes %
Tory Samuel Adlam Bayntun Unopposed
Whig Thomas Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors c. 3,800
Tory hold
Whig hold
General election 1832: York (2 seats)[42][52]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Edward Petre 1,505 34.2
Tory Samuel Adlam Bayntun 1,140 25.9
Tory John Lowther 884 20.1
Whig Thomas Dundas 872 19.8
Turnout 2,652 92.3
Registered electors 2,873
Majority 365 8.3
Whig hold
Majority 256 5.8
Tory hold

Bayntun's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 11 November 1833: York[42][52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Thomas Dundas 1,337 61.2 +7.2
Tory John Lowther 846 38.8 −7.2
Majority 491 22.4 +14.1
Turnout 2,183 75.5 −16.8
Registered electors 2,890
Whig gain from Tory Swing +7.2
  • Lowther was not present for the election, as he was in France[42]
General election 1835: York (2 seats)[42][52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Lowther 1,499 40.3 −5.7
Whig John Dundas 1,301 35.0 +0.8
Whig Charles Francis Barkley[53] 919 24.7 +4.9
Turnout 2,546 88.1 −4.2
Registered electors 2,890
Majority 198 5.3 −0.5
Conservative hold Swing −5.7
Majority 382 10.3 +2.0
Whig hold Swing +1.8
General election 1837: York (2 seats)[42][52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Lowther 1,461 37.3 +17.2
Whig John Dundas 1,276 32.6 −27.1
Conservative David Francis Atcherley 1,180 30.1 +10.0
Turnout 2,468 87.2 −0.9
Registered electors 2,829
Majority 185 4.7 −0.6
Conservative hold Swing +15.4
Majority 96 2.5 −7.8
Whig hold Swing −27.2

Elections in the 1840s

[edit]
General election 1841: York (2 seats)[52][42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Lowther 1,625 35.1 −2.2
Whig Henry Redhead Yorke 1,552 33.5 +0.9
Conservative David Francis Atcherley[54] 1,456 31.4 +1.3
Turnout 2,993 85.3 −1.9
Registered electors 3,507
Majority 73 1.6 −3.1
Conservative hold Swing −1.3
Majority 96 2.1 −0.4
Whig hold Swing +0.9
General election 1847: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John George Smyth Unopposed
Whig Henry Redhead Yorke Unopposed
Registered electors 4,047
Conservative hold
Whig hold

Yorke's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 24 May 1848: York[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig William Milner 1,505 62.1 N/A
Chartist Henry Vincent 860 35.5 New
Radical Charles Wilkins[55][56] 57 2.4 N/A
Majority 645 26.6 N/A
Turnout 2,422 58.0 N/A
Registered electors 4,178
Whig hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1850s

[edit]
General election 1852: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John George Smyth 1,870 40.8 N/A
Whig William Milner 1,831 39.9 N/A
Chartist Henry Vincent[57] 886 19.3 N/A
Turnout 2,294 (est) 55.5 (est) N/A
Registered electors 4,133
Majority 39 0.9 N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
Majority 945 20.6 N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
General election 1857: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Joshua Westhead 1,548 37.9 −2.0
Conservative John George Smyth 1,530 37.5 −3.3
Radical Malcolm Lewin[58][59] 1,006 24.6 +5.3
Turnout 2,042 (est) 48.2 (est) −7.3
Registered electors 4,236
Majority 18 0.4 −20.2
Whig hold Swing +0.7
Majority 524 12.9 +12.0
Conservative hold Swing −0.7
General election 1859: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Joshua Westhead 1,875 34.8 −3.1
Conservative John George Smyth 1,805 33.5 −4.0
Liberal Austen Henry Layard[60] 1,706 31.7 +7.1
Turnout 2,693 (est) 61.8 (est) +13.6
Registered electors 4,355
Majority 70 1.3 +0.9
Liberal hold Swing −0.6
Majority 99 1.8 −11.6
Conservative hold Swing −4.0

Elections in the 1860s

[edit]
General election 1865: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Lowther 2,079 36.3 +2.8
Liberal George Leeman 1,854 32.4 +0.7
Liberal Joshua Westhead 1,792 31.3 −3.5
Majority 225 3.9 +2.1
Turnout 3,902 (est) 91.2 (est) +29.4
Registered electors 4,277
Conservative hold Swing +2.8
Liberal hold Swing −0.4
General election 1868: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Lowther 3,735 37.2 +0.9
Liberal Joshua Westhead 3,279 32.6 +1.3
Liberal John Hall Gladstone[61] 3,038 30.2 −2.2
Majority 456 4.6 +0.7
Turnout 6,894 (est) 75.9 (est) −15.3
Registered electors 9,088
Conservative hold Swing +0.7
Liberal hold Swing +0.4

Elections in the 1870s

[edit]

Westhead resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 14 February 1871: York (1 seat)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal George Leeman Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1874: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal George Leeman 3,880 38.5 −24.3
Conservative James Lowther 3,371 33.4 +14.8
Conservative Lewis Payn Dawnay 2,830 28.1 +9.5
Majority 509 5.1 N/A
Turnout 6,981 (est) 71.6 (est) −4.3
Registered electors 9,744
Liberal hold Swing −18.2
Conservative hold Swing +13.5

Lowther was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 20 February 1878: York (1 seat)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Lowther Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1880s

[edit]
General election 1880: York (2 seats)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Ralph Creyke 4,505 35.0 +15.7
Liberal Joseph Johnson Leeman 4,413 34.3 +15.0
Conservative James Lowther 3,959 30.7 −30.8
Majority 546 4.3 N/A
Turnout 8,465 (est) 77.2 (est) +5.6
Registered electors 10,971
Liberal hold Swing +15.6
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +15.2

Leeman's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 23 November 1883: York (1 seat)[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Frederick Milner 3,948 50.1 +19.4
Liberal Frank Lockwood 3,927 49.9 −19.4
Majority 21 0.2 N/A
Turnout 7,875 69.1 −8.1 (est)
Registered electors 11,395
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +19.4
Lockwood
General election 1885: York (2 seats)[62][63][64]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Alfred Pease 5,353 27.3 −7.7
Liberal Frank Lockwood 5,260 26.9 −7.4
Conservative Frederick Milner 4,590 23.4 −7.3
Conservative James Legard 4,377 22.4 N/A
Majority 670 3.5 +0.0
Turnout 9,849 79.3 +2.1 (est)
Registered electors 12,415
Liberal hold Swing −2.0
Liberal hold Swing −1.9
General election 1886: York (2 seats)[62][63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Alfred Pease 4,816 26.4 −0.9
Liberal Frank Lockwood 4,810 26.3 −0.6
Conservative James Legard 4,352 23.8 +1.4
Liberal Unionist John Charles Dundas[65] 4,295 23.5 +1.1
Majority 458 2.5 −1.0
Turnout 9,213 74.2 −5.1
Registered electors 12,415
Liberal hold Swing −2.2
Liberal hold Swing −0.9

Elections in the 1890s

[edit]
General election 1892: York (2 seats)[62][63][66]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Butcher 5,076 34.0 +10.2
Liberal Frank Lockwood 5,030 33.6 +7.3
Liberal Alfred Pease 4,846 32.4 +6.0
Majority 230 1.6 N/A
Turnout 9,906 90.0 +15.8
Registered electors 11,005
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +2.1
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Lockwood was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 14 November 1894: York (1 seat)[62]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Frank Lockwood Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1895: York (2 seats)[62][63][67]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Butcher 5,516 34.4 +0.4
Liberal Frank Lockwood 5,309 33.1 −0.5
Liberal Alfred Pease 5,214 32.5 +0.1
Majority 302 1.9 +0.3
Turnout 10,701 90.6 +0.6
Registered electors 11,807
Conservative hold Swing +0.2
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Lockwood's death caused a by-election.

Furness
By-election, 13 January 1898: York (1 seat)[63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Beresford 5,643 50.0 +15.6
Liberal Christopher Furness 5,643 50.0 −15.6
Majority 0 0.0 −1.9
Turnout 11,286 92.8 +2.2
Registered electors 12,157
Conservative hold Swing +15.6

This result was subject to a recount, with the original result putting Beresford on 5,659 votes, and Furness with 5,648 votes. The recount then led to the above result. 17 ballot papers were reserved for judgement, of which 12 were in favour of Beresford. Beresford was told he was able to substantiate 11 ballot papers, while Furness was given an estimate of four, leading to Beresford being declared MP.

Elections in the 1900s

[edit]
1900 York by-election[62][68]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Denison Faber 6,248 56.5 +22.1
Liberal Alexander Murray 4,818 43.5 −22.1
Majority 1,430 13.0 +11.1
Turnout 11,066 88.0 −2.6
Registered electors 12,582
Conservative hold Swing +22.1
General election 1900: York (2 seats)[63][67]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Denison Faber Unopposed
Conservative John Butcher Unopposed
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
Stuart
General election 1906: York (2 seats)[62][63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Hamar Greenwood 6,413 27.7 N/A
Conservative Denison Faber 6,108 26.3 N/A
Conservative John Butcher 6,094 26.3 N/A
Labour Repr. Cmte. George Stuart 4,573 19.7 New
Turnout 23,188 93.0 N/A
Registered electors 13,864
Majority 319 1.4 N/A
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing N/A
Majority 1,535 6.6 N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1910s

[edit]
Greenwood
General election January 1910: York (2 seats)[62][69]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Arnold Rowntree 6,751 25.4 +11.5'"`UNIQ−−ref−0000012E−QINU`"'
Conservative John Butcher 6,741 25.3 −1.0
Liberal Hamar Greenwood 6,632 24.9 +11.0'"`UNIQ−−ref−0000012F−QINU`"'
Conservative HH Riley-Smith 6,495 24.4 −1.9
Turnout 26,619 95.3 +2.3
Registered electors 14,065
Majority 256 11.0 +10.6
Liberal hold Swing +6.3
Majority 109 0.4 −6.2
Conservative hold Swing −6.0
Rowntree
General election December 1910: York (2 seats)[62][69]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Butcher Unopposed
Liberal Arnold Rowntree Unopposed
Conservative hold
Liberal hold

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Butcher
General election 1918: York[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist John Butcher 16,269 61.5 N/A
Liberal Arnold Rowntree 5,363 20.3 N/A
Labour Harry Gill 4,822 18.2 New
Majority 10,906 41.2 N/A
Turnout 26,454 69.0 N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s

[edit]
General election 1922: York[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John Butcher 15,163 44.5 −17.0
Labour Harry Gill 10,106 29.6 +11.4
Liberal Elliott Dodds 8,838 25.9 +5.6
Majority 5,057 14.9 −26.3
Turnout 34,107 85.8 +16.8
Unionist hold Swing
General election 1923: York[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John Marriott 14,772 43.4 −1.1
Labour Joseph King 11,626 34.2 +4.6
Liberal Elliott Dodds 7,638 22.4 −3.5
Majority 3,146 9.2 −5.7
Turnout 34,036 82.8 −3.0
Unionist hold Swing
General election 1924: York[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John Marriott 19,914 56.2 +12.8
Labour David Adams 15,500 43.8 +9.6
Majority 4,414 12.4 +3.2
Turnout 35,414 84.8 +2.0
Unionist hold Swing +1.6
General election 1929: York[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frederick Burgess 20,663 45.0 +1.2
Unionist John Marriott 17,363 37.8 −18.4
Liberal Douglas Crockatt 7,907 17.2 New
Majority 3,300 7.2 N/A
Turnout 45,933 85.1 +0.3
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +9.8

Elections in the 1930s

[edit]
General election 1931: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Roger Lumley 30,216 64.94
Labour Frederick Burgess 16,310 35.06
Majority 13,906 29.88 N/A
Turnout 46,526 85.98
Conservative gain from Labour Swing
General election 1935: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Roger Lumley 25,442 57.03
Labour Robert Fraser 19,168 42.97
Majority 6,274 14.06
Turnout 44,610 82.50
Conservative hold Swing
1937 York by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Wood 22,045 55.07 −1.96
Labour John Dugdale 17,986 44.93 +1.96
Majority 4,059 10.14 −3.92
Turnout 40,031
Conservative hold Swing

Election in the 1940s

[edit]
General election 1945: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour John Corlett 22,021 49.85
Conservative Lord Irwin 17,949 40.63
Liberal Gilbert Henry Keighley-Bell 4,208 9.53 New
Majority 4,072 9.22 N/A
Turnout 44,178 76.23
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 1950s

[edit]
General election 1950: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harry Hylton-Foster 29,421 46.31
Labour Haydn Davies 29,344 46.19
Liberal Howard Snow Clay 4,760 7.49
Majority 77 0.12 N/A
Turnout 63,525 87.59
Conservative gain from Labour Swing
General election 1951:York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harry Hylton-Foster 32,777 50.71
Labour Thomas Skeffington-Lodge 31,856 49.29
Majority 921 1.42
Turnout 64,633 86.37
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955:York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harry Hylton-Foster 31,402 50.89
Labour Thomas McKitterick 30,298 49.11
Majority 1,104 1.78
Turnout 61,700 83.55
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1959: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Longbottom 33,099 53.28
Labour Douglas Poirier 29,025 46.72
Majority 4,074 6.56
Turnout 62,124 84.27
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

[edit]
General election 1964: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Longbottom 26,521 44.56
Labour Alex Lyon 25,428 42.73
Liberal Denis T. Lloyd 7,565 12.71 New
Majority 1,093 1.83
Turnout 51,949 82.98
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1966: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alex Lyon 32,167 55.24
Conservative Charles Longbottom 26,067 44.76
Majority 6,100 10.48 N/A
Turnout 58,234 82.68
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 1970s

[edit]
General election 1970: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alex Lyon 29,619 51.93
Conservative Bryan Askew 27,422 48.07
Majority 2,197 3.84
Turnout 57,041 76.25
Labour hold Swing
General election February 1974: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alex Lyon 25,674 40.55
Conservative John Watson 24,843 39.24
Liberal Steve Galloway 12,793 20.21 New
Majority 831 1.31
Turnout 63,310 82.75
Labour hold Swing
General election October 1974: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alex Lyon 26,983 46.42
Conservative John Watson 23,294 40.08
Liberal Elizabeth Graham 7,370 12.68
More Prosperous Britain Harold Smith 304 0.52 New
Protest Party H.L. Stratton 171 0.29 New
Majority 3,689 6.34
Turnout 58,122 75.31
Labour hold Swing
General election 1979: York
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alex Lyon 26,703 44.73
Conservative E.D.M. Tod 25,453 42.64
Liberal M. Pemberton 6,752 11.31
Christian Stop Abortion F.C.J. Radcliffe 569 0.95 New
National Front P.A. Spink 221 0.37 New
Majority 1,250 2.09
Turnout 59,698 77.70
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1980s

[edit]
General election 1983: York[71]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Conal Gregory 24,309 41.31
Labour Alex Lyon 20,662 35.11
SDP Vince Cable 13,523 22.98
Independent Anthony J. Lister 204 0.35 New
BNP Thomas G. Brattan 148 0.25 New
Majority 3,647 6.20 N/A
Turnout 58,846 75.14
Conservative gain from Labour Swing
General election 1987: York[72]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Conal Gregory 25,880 41.64 +0.33
Labour Hugh Bayley 25,733 41.41 +6.29
SDP Vince Cable 9,898 15.93 −7.05
Green Alan Dunnett 637 1.02 New
Majority 147 0.23 −5.97
Turnout 62,148 78.37 +3.23
Conservative hold Swing −2.98

Elections in the 1990s

[edit]
General election 1992: York[73][74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Bayley 31,525 49.1 +7.7
Conservative Conal Gregory 25,183 39.2 −2.4
Liberal Democrats Karen Anderson 6,811 10.6 −5.3
Green Stephen Kenwright 594 0.9 −0.1
Natural Law Pamela Orr 54 0.1 New
Majority 6,342 9.9 N/A
Turnout 64,167 81.0 +2.6
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +5.1
General election 1997: York[75]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Bayley 34,956 59.9 +10.8
Conservative Simon Mallett 14,433 24.7 −14.5
Liberal Democrats Andrew Waller 6,537 11.2 +0.6
Referendum Jonathan Sheppard 1,083 1.9 New
Green Mark Hill 880 1.5 +0.6
UKIP Eric Wegener 319 0.6 New
Independent Andrew Lightfoot 137 0.2 New
Majority 20,523 35.2 +25.3
Turnout 58,355 73.2 −7.8
Labour hold Swing +12.6

Elections in the 2000s

[edit]
General election 2001: City of York[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Bayley 25,072 52.3 −7.6
Conservative Michael McIntyre 11,293 23.5 −1.2
Liberal Democrats Andrew Waller 8,519 17.8 +6.6
Green Bill Shaw 1,465 3.1 +1.6
Socialist Alliance Frank Ormston 674 1.4 New
UKIP Richard Bate 576 1.2 +0.6
Monster Raving Loony Eddie Vee 381 0.8 New
Majority 13,779 28.8 −6.4
Turnout 47,980 59.0 −14.2
Labour hold Swing −3.2
General election 2005: City of York[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Bayley 21,836 46.9 −5.4
Conservative Clive Booth 11,364 24.4 +0.9
Liberal Democrats Andrew Waller 10,166 21.8 +4.0
Green Andy D'Agorne 2,113 4.5 +1.4
UKIP Richard Jackson 832 1.8 +0.6
Independent Ken Curran 121 0.3 New
Death, Dungeons and Taxes Party Damien Fleck 93 0.2 New
Independent Andrew Hinkles 72 0.2 New
Majority 10,472 22.5 −6.3
Turnout 46,597 61.7 +2.7
Labour hold Swing −3.2

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Calculated from half of Liberal vote in 1906

Sources

[edit]
  • Corbett, Uvedale (1826). An inquiry into the elective franchise of the freeholders of, and the rights of election for, the corporate countries in England and Wales ... London: J. & W. T. Clarke.
  • Tillott, P. M., ed. (1961). A History of the County of York: the City of York. London: Victoria County Histories. Retrieved 1 August 2023 – via British History Online.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Boundary commissioners (20 January 1832). "York". Reports from Commissioners on proposed division of counties and boundaries of boroughs; Vol. 4 part 2. Sessional papers. Vol. HC 1831-2 xl (357) 1. pp. 171–173 and map facing p. 171.
  2. ^ 1831 Census Vol. II p.756
  3. ^ a b c Corbett (1826) p. 389
  4. ^ a b c d e Tillott (1961) "The Liberty of the City" pp. 313-315
  5. ^ Corbett (1826) pp. 377, 381–2, 385–8
  6. ^ Corbett (1826) pp. 1, 19–21, 391–4
  7. ^ Corbett (1826) p. 39
  8. ^ a b 2 & 3 Will. 4 c. 64 Schedule (O.) no. 40
  9. ^ 1881 Census Vol. I p.430
  10. ^ a b c d Tillott (1961) "The Modern Boundaries" pp. 320-321
  11. ^ 48 & 49 Vict. c. 23, s. 7 and Fifth Schedule
  12. ^ 1891 census (C.6948) Vol. I p.397 (1893)
  13. ^ 7 & 8 Geo. 5 c. 64 Ninth Schedule Part I (2)
  14. ^ 1921 Census; County of Yorkshire; p. 43
  15. ^ a b c GB Historical GIS. "York MB/CB through time | Population Statistics | Area (acres)". A Vision of Britain through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  16. ^ Tillott (1961) "The Castle and the Old Baile" p. 528
  17. ^ a b S.I. 1960/455 made under the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949
  18. ^ Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1971). "Table U1: Parliamentary electors on the February 1969 Register, with number of votes cast at by-elections held thereon". The Registrar General's statistical review of England and Wales; Part 2: Tables, Population. 1969. London: H.M.S.O. p. 96.
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  39. ^ Thompson died in 1683, but no election had been held to fill the vacancy before a new Parliament was summoned in 1685
  40. ^ Changed his name to George Fox-Lane during the 1747-1754 Parliament
  41. ^ Created a baronet as Sir Charles Turner, May 1782
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[edit]
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