Omo-oorblyfsels

Die Omo-oorblyfsels is ’n versameling Hominini-bene wat tussen 1967 en 1974 by Omo Kibish naby die Omorivier in Suidwes-Ethiopië ontdek is.^[1] Die bene is ontdek deur ’n span van die Keniase Nasionale Museums onder Richard Leakey en ander.^[2]

Die oorblyfsels van Kamoya Kimeu se Hominini-terrein (KHS) is Omo I genoem en dié van Paul I. Abell's se Hominini-terrein (PHS) Omo II.^[3]

Fossiele

Die bene sluit in twee gedeeltelike skedels, vier kakebene, ’n been uit ’n ledemaat, sowat tweehonderd tande en verskeie ander dele.^[1] Al die spesimens word geklassifiseer as anatomies moderne mense (Homo sapiens), maar verskil van mekaar wat morfologiese eienskappe betref. Die Omo I-fossiele toon moderner eienskappe, terwyl studies van die Omo II-oorblyfsels dui op ’n paar primitiewe eienskappe. Die fossiele kom uit ’n laag tuf, tussen ’n laer, ouer geologiese laag en ’n hoër, nuwer laag.^[3] Hulle is in dieselfde laag ontdek.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Weens die min diere-oorblyfsels en klipartefakte wat op die terreine ontdek is, is die oorblyfsels se ouderdom onseker.^[2] In 2008 is nog bene in dieselfde laag ontdek: ’n tibia en fibula.^[6]

Dele van die fossiele is van die vroegstes wat deur Leakey as Homo sapiens geklassifiseer is. In 2004 is die geologiese lae om die fossiele gedateer, en daar is bepaal dat die Kibish-fossiele ouer as 195 000 jaar is.^[7]^[3] Vir ’n ruk was dit die oudste bekende fossiele wat as H. sapiens geklassifiseer is. (Die Florisbad-skedel is ouer, maar sy klassifikasie as H. sapiens is destyds betwis.) Intussen is ander oorblyfsels, soos die Florisbad-skedel, as ouer gedateer.^[8]^[9]

Verwysings

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Fossil Reanalysis Pushes Back Origin of Homo sapiens. Scientific American 2005-02-17. Besoek op 22 Augustus 2005. Besoek op 2011-08-27
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Fleagle, Jg; Assefa, Z; Brown, Fh; Shea, Jj (September 2008). "Paleoanthropology of the Kibish Formation, southern Ethiopia: Introduction". Journal of Human Evolution. 55 (3): 360–365. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.007. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 18617219.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 Mcdougall, Ian; Brown, FH; Fleagle, JG (2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia". Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. PMID 15716951.
↑ Ian McDougall, Francis H Brown, John G Fleagle Sapropels and the age of hominins Omo I and II, Kibish, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution (2008) Volume: 55, uitg. 3, p. 409-20 PubMed: 18602675 Kopiereg © 2012 Mendeley Ltd. Alle regte voorbehou. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.012 [Retrieved 2012-01-02]
↑ Stringer, C. (2016). "The origin and evolution of Homo sapiens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 371 (1698): 20150237. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0237. PMC 4920294. PMID 27298468.
↑ Pearson, Om; Fleagle, Jg; Grine, Fe; Royer, Df (September 2008). "Further new hominin fossils from the Kibish Formation, southwestern Ethiopia". Journal of Human Evolution. 55 (3): 444–7. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.013. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 18691739.
↑ https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jan/25/oldest-known-human-fossil-outside-africa-discovered-in-israel
↑ David Richter; et al. (8 Junie 2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age". Nature. 546 (7657): 293–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. doi:10.1038/nature22335. PMID 28593967. Besoek op 8 Junie 2017.
↑ Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, et al. (April 2007). "Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (15): 6128–33. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104. PMC 1828706. PMID 17372199.

Skakels

Foto's van die skedels
Ontleding van die Huerto-oorblyfsels Geargiveer 8 Desember 2015 op Wayback Machine

Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik uit die Engelse Wikipedia vertaal.

[USER:CALR-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Fossil Reanalysis Pushes Back Origin of Homo sapiens. Scientific American 2005-02-17. Besoek op 22 Augustus 2005. Besoek op 2011-08-27

[Fleagle-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Fleagle, Jg; Assefa, Z; Brown, Fh; Shea, Jj (September 2008). "Paleoanthropology of the Kibish Formation, southern Ethiopia: Introduction". Journal of Human Evolution. 55 (3): 360–365. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.007. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 18617219.

[Mcdougall2005-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 Mcdougall, Ian; Brown, FH; Fleagle, JG (2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia". Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. PMID 15716951.

[4] Ian McDougall, Francis H Brown, John G Fleagle Sapropels and the age of hominins Omo I and II, Kibish, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution (2008) Volume: 55, uitg. 3, p. 409-20 PubMed: 18602675 Kopiereg © 2012 Mendeley Ltd. Alle regte voorbehou. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.012 [Retrieved 2012-01-02]

[5] Stringer, C. (2016). "The origin and evolution of Homo sapiens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 371 (1698): 20150237. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0237. PMC 4920294. PMID 27298468.

[6] Pearson, Om; Fleagle, Jg; Grine, Fe; Royer, Df (September 2008). "Further new hominin fossils from the Kibish Formation, southwestern Ethiopia". Journal of Human Evolution. 55 (3): 444–7. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.013. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 18691739.

[7] ttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jan/25/oldest-known-human-fossil-outside-africa-discovered-in-israel

[8] David Richter; et al. (8 Junie 2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age". Nature. 546 (7657): 293–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. doi:10.1038/nature22335. PMID 28593967. Besoek op 8 Junie 2017.

[9] Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, et al. (April 2007). "Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (15): 6128–33. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104. PMC 1828706. PMID 17372199.

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