Vala

void main () {
    print ("Hello World\n");
}

class HelloWorld: Object {
	private uint year = 0;
	
	public HelloWorld () {
	}
	
	public HelloWorld.with_year (int year) {
		if (year > 0)
			this.year = year;
	}

	public void greeting () {
		if (year == 0)
			print ("Hello World\n");
		else
			/* Strings prefixed with '@' are string templates. */
			print (@"Hello World, $(this.year)\n"); 
	}
}

void main (string[] args) {
	var helloworld = new HelloWorld.with_year (2021);
	helloworld.greeting ();
}

using GLib;

interface Printable {
	public abstract string print ();

	public virtual string pretty_print () {
		return "Please " + print ();
	}
}

class NormalPrint: Object, Printable {
	string print () {
		return "don't forget about me";
	}
}

class OverridePrint: Object, Printable {
	string print () {
		return "Mind the gap";
	}

	public override string pretty_print () {
		return "Override";
	}
}

void main (string[] args) {
	var normal = new NormalPrint ();
	var overridden = new OverridePrint ();

	print (normal.pretty_print ());
	print (overridden.pretty_print ());
}

class Foo {
    public signal void some_event ();   // 定义一个信号

    public void method () {
        some_event ();                  // 发送这个信号（回调得以调用）
    }
}

void callback_a () {
    print ("Callback A\n");
}

void callback_b () {
    print ("Callback B\n");
}

void main () {
    var foo = new Foo ();
    foo.some_event.connect (callback_a);      // 连接回调函数
    foo.some_event.connect (callback_b);
    foo.method ();
}

int question(){
    // 一些print操作 
    for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++){
        print (".");
        Thread.usleep (800000);
        stdout.flush ();
    }

    return 42;
}

void main () {
    if (!Thread.supported ()) {
        printerr ("Cannot run without thread support.\n");
        return;
    }
    print ("The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything");
    // 泛型参数是返回值的类型
    var thread = new Thread<int> ("question", question);

    print(@" $(thread.join ())\n");
}

int main (string[] args) {
    var app = new Gtk.Application (
        "com.example.App",
        ApplicationFlags.DEFAULT_FLAGS
    );
    
    app.activate.connect (() => {
        var win = new Gtk.ApplicationWindow (app) {
            title = "Hello, World!",
            default_width = 350,
            default_height = 70
        };
  
        var label = new Gtk.Label ("Hello, World!");
        win.child = label;
        win.present ();
    });
    return app.run (args);
}