Aoyama Roshi
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Aoyama Roshi | |
|---|---|
| Personal | |
| Born | 1933 Aichi Province, Nagoya Prefecture, Japan |
| Religion | Sōtō Zen |
| Known for | first nun to be appointed to the rank of Daikyoshi |
Aoyama Roshi (born 1933) is a Japanese Buddhist nun and abbess.[1] She is the first nun to be appointed to the rank of Daikyoshi (Great Teacher) in the Soto Zen school. She is one of the first women to pursue a Masters degree from from Komazawa University, the university of Soto School of Zen. In 1976 she became abbess of Aichi Senmon Nisodo, a monastery founded in 1903, and began to train novices. In 1984 she became abbess of Tokubetsu Nisodo, where she trained special monastics to become teachers of the tradition, trained nuns, gave Dharma transmission, and was authorized to designate her own Dharma heir. She has received a lifetime achievement award for her valuable contributions to Japanese society and Buddhist culture.[2][3] She serves as abbess of two other temples as well as gives lectures and is known widely among Buddhist audiences as a prolific author. She is recognized as a prominent Zen master. [1]
Early life[edit]
Aoyama Roshi was born in 1933 in Aichi Prefecture, Nagoya Prefecture, near Tokyo, Japan. [4] Considered by her mother as a gift from the Buddha, she entered the temple of Muryô-ji at the age of five, where she received a religious education. At the age of fifteen, she was ordained a nun in the Soto Zen school. She studied scriptures, rituals and meditation, and learned the sutras and stories of great Zen masters. As she grew, her mother continued to make her clothes including her ceremonial robes. She began her career as a lecturer, leading sesshin (periods of intensive practice) and teaching the art of tea (Chado), calligraphy (Shodo) and floral arrangement (Kado). She was ordained in 1948. [2]
Aoyama Roshi and the rise of women in Zen Buddhism[edit]
Aoyama has been a leader in the struggle for gender parity within Buddhism. The Buddha himself did not allow women to become monks. Women were thought to be innately foolish, to have bonds of attachment, to be immersed in the river of desire, to prioritize sensory pleasure and material objects, to be indolent, proud and idle. The Buddha also thought that women would damage Buddhism's reputation.[4] Ananda, an early follower of the Buddha, pleaded with the Buddha to allow women's ordination. Ananda was cited as "the great hero." In Aoyama's writing, Ananda is referred to as the great heroine rather than a great hero. According to research findings, the Buddha finally gave in and encouraged all women to honor Ananda.[5] In her commentary on the Anan koshiki, a ritual honoring Ananda, Ayoama feminizes Ananda.[6]
Aoyama has played a pivotal role in transforming attitudes toward women in contemporary Japanese society.[1][2][7] In late 1800s the status of nuns in Japanese society was low.[8] The living conditions were poor, and nuns were held to a stricter standard of discipline than the monks. Back in the 1200s however, Dogen (1200-1253) had founded the Soto Zen school which had an egalitarian stance. Dogen believed that women and men were equally capable of practicing zazen.[9] Gradually, nuns began to be able to establish their own monasteries and schools. They passed regulations that allowed monastic schools for nuns to officially grant degrees recognized by the Ministry of Education and to achieve ranks commensurate within the Buddhist hierarchy. Here, novices studied Buddhist texts, chanting classical Chinese, and calligraphy along with secular subjects. In 1903, Dogen Zenji and Keizan Zenji founded the Aichi Senmon Nisodo, where nuns dedicated themselves to learning and meditation practices. The number of nuns grew. By 1941 the monastery had expanded to provide education to 140 nuns and has become a model of Zen training center for women. After 1948 when Aoyama was ordained, there were many more nuns, many of whom were able to attend university studies. The monastery has moved to a more suitable location on a hill in a pleasant part of Nagoya. It attracts highly dedicated qualified practitioners, many from other countries who are seeking spiritual advancement. The monastery has played a major part in expanding the influence of Soto Zen internationally, by training teachers who come to Nagoya and return to their home countries to establish Zen Centers and become teachers in their own right.[10][11] There are 1,000 Soto Zen nuns in Japan, the largest number of any sect of celibate practitioners. From 1948 on, when Aoyama was ordained, she played a large part in this development which has ensured the continuity of a monastic lineage that was in decline.[2]
In 2003, the Aichi Senmon Nisodo celebrated 100 years of its founding. Abbess Ayoama wrote the companion volume for the event which includes the historical background of the Anan Koshiki. Aoyama Shundō and the nuns at Aichi Senmon Nisodo have played a pivotal role in sustaining the ritual for the Buddha's close disciple.[4] Aoyama's attitude is quite progressive. She believes that one must throw aside one's robes and become involved in the world, to weep and laugh with others. Home visits are a regular task for a nuns practice - they chant the sutras at the family home and then stay for interpersonal exchanges. They strive to be keenly sensitive to the lives of laypeople seeking to find their way. Aoyama in particular is known for emphasizing the value of beauty in daily living: arts of tea, calligraphy, flower arrangement, also in words, gestures and ordinary activities.
International Connections[edit]
Aoyama is actively involved in the international community. She appears on national television, in popular magazines, and at international conferences. In 2004 she attended the 8th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women held in Seoul Korea, and on the same voyage, visited the tomb of St. Benedict, and had a private audience with Pope John Paul II. In April and May of 2022, Shundō lectured in France at the Temple of La Gendronnière in Valaire on the topic of "Dôgen's vision on Zen practice." In 2008 she was the keynote speaker at the 10th Sakyadhita, held in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia, where she spoke about Buddhism in transition.[12][2][13]
Partial List of publications[1] [2][edit]
Chazen Kanwa: Chanoyu juniwa (Quiet Talks on Zen Tea: Twelve Tales of Tea) (in Japanese). (1978) Tokyo Japan: Nakayama Shobo Buddha Shorin
Tenchi ippai ni ikiru (Fully Living Sky and Earth). 1982. Tokyo: Soto-shu Shumucho.
Nori no kemansho: Hokkugyo yomikata (Flower Garlands of the Dharma: a Taste of the Dhammapada). 1984. Tokyo: Kashiwagi-Sha.
Zen Seeds: Reflections of a Female Priest. 1991. Tokyo Japan: Kosei Publishing Company. ISBN 9784333014781.
Zen no chie: Shobogenzo zuimonki (Zen wisdom: lessons learned from the Shobogenzo Zuimonki). 1994. Tokyo: Suzuki publishing.
Tenza kyokun (Instructions from the Cook). 1995. Kowa: Kashiwagi-sha.
Shufu no tomo sha (Flowers of Compassion). 1997. Tokyo: Hana Ulyo.
Mo hitori no watashi e no tabi ( A Journey to Another Me). 1997. Tokyo: Yayoi Shobo.
Michi haruka naritomo (The Path is a little far). 1998. Kosei Publishing.
Waga jinsei wo dou ryori suruka (How to Cook My Life). 2001. Tokyo: Shunjyu-sha.
Hannya shinkyo monogatari ( Stories of the Heart of Wisdom Sutra). 2002. Tokyo: Yayoi Shobou.
Shin utsukushiki hitoni: Zen ni ikiru nisou no kotoba (Becoming a Beautiful Person: The Words of a Nun Living Zen). 2004.Tokyo: Pataka.
Chazen kanwa: Shorai ni kiku (Quiet Conversations on Zen Tea: Listening to the Wind in the Pines) 2007. Tokyo: Nakayamashobou Busshorin.
Kurenai ni inochi kagayaku: Zen ni tersarete (Polishing Life an an Offering: Illuminated by Zen) 2015 Tokyo: Shunjyu-sha
Numa ga arukara hana wa saku (Because There is Mud, Flowers Bloom). 2016. Tokyo: Gentosha.
Zen Seeds: 60 Essential Buddhist Teachings on Effort, Gratitude, and Happiness (2nd ed.). 2019. Boulder Colorado: Shambala. ISBN 9781611807325
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Tsomo, Karma Lekshe (2020). "Nurturing the Seeds of Zen: The Life and Legacy of Shundo Aoyama Rōshi". Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 26.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Tsomo, Karma Lekshe (2020). "Shundo Aoyama Roshi: Nurturing Seeds of Zen." In Colleen Hartung, ed. Claiming Notability for Women Activists in Religion. Chicago Illinois: Atla Open Press. pp. 141–161. ISBN 978-1949800128.
- ↑ Tsomo, 2020, p. 151
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ambros, Barbara R. (2016). "A Rite of Their Own: Japanese Buddhist Nuns and the 'Anan Koshiki'". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 43: 207–250 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Soothill, William Edward; Hodous, Lewis (2004). A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms With Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London & New York: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-7007-0355-1.
- ↑ Mahmood, Saba (2005). Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0691-08695-8.
- ↑ Tsomo, 2020, p. 142
- ↑ Tsomo, 2020, pp. 145-146
- ↑ Tsomo, 2020, p. 145
- ↑ Tannier, Kankyo (2008). "A zen retreat in Japan with master Shundo Aoyama". A zen retreat in Japan with master Shundo Aoyama. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Arai, Paula (2011). Bringing Zen Home: The Healing Heart of Japanese Women's Rituals (paper ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-9418-4.
- ↑ Roshi, Aoyama (2022). "Event! Conference of the Venerable Shundo Aoyama - La Gendronnière". Association Zen Internationale. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Tsomo, 2020, pp. 148-149
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