Mathematical sciences

Included in the mathematical sciences are not just mathematics but also those academic topics that are largely mathematical in character but are not always agreed upon as subfields of mathematics proper.

For instance, the field of statistics is mathematical in nature but emerged from administrative and scientific observations, merged with inverse probability, and then expanded through applications in some branches of physics, biometrics, and the social sciences to become a distinct but related discipline. Other areas that are often included in the umbrella term "mathematical sciences" are: theoretical astronomy, theoretical physics, theoretical and applied mechanics, continuum mechanics, mathematical chemistry, actuarial science, computer and computational science, data science, quantitative biology, operations research, control theory, econometrics, geophysics, and mathematical geosciences.

The United States Military Academy, Stanford University, and the University of Khartoum are just a few examples of schools that offer degrees in mathematics or applied mathematics (for example, the University of Rhode Island).