Science

Science may be defined as an organised and methodical undertaking that seeks to develop and organise knowledge in the form of falsifiable explanations and predictions about the cosmos.

About 3000 to 1200 BCE is when the oldest written records of recognisable ancestors to contemporary science were created. These documents came from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. This is the branch of philosophy that tries to provide formal explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. Their contributions were incorporated into and shaped this philosophy. Knowledge of Greek worldviews declined in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages.

The natural sciences, which investigate the material world, are often separated from the social sciences, which investigate formal systems that are regulated by axioms and norms. Since they do not depend on empirical data, the formal sciences have been the subject of debate over their status as scientific fields. Applied sciences are fields of study that put scientific knowledge to use in real-world applications, such engineering and medicine.

The pursuit of new knowledge in the scientific community is promoted by the research conducted by scientists whose work is driven by a curiosity about the world and a desire to find solutions to challenges. The conduct of modern scientific research is almost often carried out in teams, which may be found working at university and research institutions, government agencies, and private businesses. The work that they did had a practical impact, which resulted in the development of science policies. These policies seek to exert an influence on the scientific enterprise by placing a higher priority on the ethical and moral development of commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and environmental protection.