Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, formally the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked nation in Southeast Africa that is surrounded by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east. It is located between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. Harare is the country's capital and biggest city. Bulawayo is the country's second-largest metropolis. Zimbabwe, a nation with a population of about 15 million people, has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele being the most widely spoken.

In addition to being a significant migration and commerce route, the area that is now Zimbabwe has been the location of many organised governments and kingdoms, including the Rozvi and Mthwakazi kingdoms, dating back to the 11th century. The British South Africa Company under the leadership of Cecil Rhodes initially defined the current area in 1890 when they captured Mashonaland, and subsequently in 1893 when they took Matabeleland after a strong struggle by the Matabele people known as the First Matabele War. Southern Rhodesia was established as a self-governing British territory in 1923, marking the end of company control in the region. Of 1965, the conservative white minority administration in Rhodesia unilaterally proclaimed the country's independence as a separate country.

The state suffered international isolation as well as a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist groups, which ended in a peace accord in April 1980 that granted full suffrage and de jure sovereignty to the country, which became officially known as Zimbabwe. When Zimbabwe gained membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, the country was suspended from membership in 2002 due to violations of international law by the administration of Robert Mugabe, and it withdrew from the organisation in December 2003. As a sovereign state, Namibia belongs to many international organisations, including the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community, the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (COMESA). It was formerly referred to as the "Jewel of Africa" because of its exceptional wealth.