Birthstones
From Wikiversity - Reading time: 6 min
About
[edit | edit source]Study on Birthstones as they are listed in a various cultures, texts, websites, etc.
To do
[edit | edit source]- Collect sources and basic info.
- Images, background.
Goals
[edit | edit source]Summarize findings, categorized by claim, source, cultures, eras.
Findings
[edit | edit source]Individual claims
[edit | edit source]January
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Garnets 
/ˈɡɑːrnət/ are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. The word garnet comes from 14th‑century Middle English word gernet meaning 'dark red,' from the Latin granatus, from granum ('grain, seed') + suffix atus, possibly a reference to mela granatum or even pomum granatum ('pomegranate',[1] scientific name: Punica granatum), a plant whose fruits contain abundant and vivid red arils, are similar in shape, size, and color to some garnet crystals.[2]
Garnet is said to be symbolic of desire.[3]
Called the "traditional birthstone" of January in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] Garnet is listed as the birthstone in It Happens in the Month of January, a book series described as "everything you ever wanted to know about each month."[5] It is also listed as Garnet in the 2013 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001 to Date,[6] in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Emerald is a variety of the mineral beryl colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium.[8] The word "Emerald" is derived (via Old French: Esmeraude and Middle English: Emeraude), from Vulgar Latin: Esmaralda/Esmaraldus, a variant of Latin Smaragdus, which originated in Greek: σμάραγδος (smaragdos; "green gem").[9]
Emerald is listed is the "mystical birthstone" in From Satan's Crown to the Holy Grail: Emeralds in Myth, Magic, and History.[10]
Rose quartz is considered the "secondary birthstone" of January in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
February
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Amethyst is said to be associated with good luck, humor, and health.[3]
Amethyst is called the "traditional birthstone" of February in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] and is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.[7] It is also listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Onyx is considered the "secondary birthstone" of February in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
March
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Aquamarine is associated with comprehension and happiness.[3]
It is called the "traditional birthstone" of March in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] and it is also listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Bloodstone is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.[7] It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of March in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
April
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Diamond is associated with desire and connection.[3]
Diamond is called the "traditional birthstone" of April in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Crystal quartz is considered the "secondary birthstone" of April in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
May
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Emerald
[edit | edit source]Emerald is called the "traditional birthstone" of May in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4] It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Chrysoprase
[edit | edit source]It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of May in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
June
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Agate
[edit | edit source]Agate is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.[7]
Pearl
[edit | edit source]Pearl is called the "traditional birthstone" of June in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] and it is listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Moonstone
[edit | edit source]It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of June in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
July
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Ruby
[edit | edit source]Ruby is called the "traditional birthstone" of July in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4] It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Carnelian
[edit | edit source]It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of July in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
August
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Peridot
[edit | edit source]Peridot is called the "traditional birthstone" of August in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] and it is listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Sardonyx
[edit | edit source]Sardonyx is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.[7] It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of August in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
September
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Sapphire
[edit | edit source]Sapphire is called the "traditional birthstone" of September in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4] It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Lapis Lazuli
[edit | edit source]It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of September in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
October
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Opal
[edit | edit source]Opal is called the "traditional birthstone" of October in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Pink tourmaline
[edit | edit source]It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of October in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
November
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Topaz
[edit | edit source]Topaz is called the "traditional birthstone" of November in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] and is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.[7]
Lemon quartz
[edit | edit source]Citrine, a type of quartz, is listed as the birthstone in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3] It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of November in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
December
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Turquoise
[edit | edit source]Turquoise is called the "traditional birthstone" of December in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects,[4] It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.,[7] and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.[3]
Blue topaz
[edit | edit source]It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of December in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.[4]
Full claims
[edit | edit source]| Claim | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.[11] | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Diamond | Emerald | Agate | Ruby | Sardonyx | Sapphire | Opal | Topaz | Turquoise |
| Judaism[12] | Garnet | Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Chaldedony Carnelian Agate |
Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Chrysolite | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Romans[12] | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Sapphire | Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Sardonyx | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Isidore Bishop of Seville[12] | Hyacinth | Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Chrysolite | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Arabians[12] | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Sapphire | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony Pearl |
Carnelian | Sardonyx | Chrysolite | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Poles[12] | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Diamond | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony |
Ruby | Sardonyx | Sardonyx | Aquamarine | Topaz | Turquoise |
| Russians[12] | Garnet Hyacinth |
Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony |
Ruby Sardonyx |
Alexandrite | Chrysolite | Beryl | Topaz | Turquoise Chrysoprase |
| Italians[12] | Jacinth Garnet |
Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Chrysolite | Beryl | Topaz | Ruby |
| 15th to 20th Century[12] | Garnet | Amethyst Hyacinth Pearl |
Jasper Bloodstone |
Diamond Sapphire |
Emerald Agate |
Cat's-eye Turquoise Agate |
Turquiose Onyx |
Sardonyx Carnelian Moonstone Topaz |
Chrysolite | Beryl Opal |
Topaz Pearl |
Ruby Bloodstone |
References
[edit | edit source]Citations
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Pomengranate.
- ↑ Garnet.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Lynch 2008, p. 120.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 Easy Birthstone Jewelry 2008, p. 5.
- ↑ Jackson 2002, The January Birthstone.
- ↑ Cuhaj & Michael 2012, p. 174.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Cummings Farrington 1903, pp. 63–64.
- ↑ Hurlburt & Kammerling 1991, p. 203.
- ↑ Emerald.
- ↑ Morgan 2007, p. 171.
- ↑ Cummings Farrington 1903, pp. 63-64.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Kunz 1913, p. 315.
Sources
[edit | edit source]- Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr.; Kammerling, Robert C. (1991), Gemology, New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0471526673
- Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, Kalmbach Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 9780871162557
- Cuhaj, George S.; Michael, Thomas (2012), 2013 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001 to Date, Krause Publications, ISBN 9781440229657
- Morgan, Diane (2007), From Satan's Crown to the Holy Grail: Emeralds in Myth, Magic, and History, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 9780275991234
- Jackson, Ellen (2002), It Happens in the Month of January, Charlesbridge Publishing, ISBN 9781607340508
- Cummings Farrington, Oliver (1903), Gems and Gem Minerals, A. W. Mumford, OCLC 1825362
- Kunz, George Frederick (1913), The Curious Lore of Precious Stones, J. B. Lippincott Company, OCLC 1047644
Online sources
[edit | edit source]- pomengranate, Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 25 January 2012
- garnet, Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 25 January 2012
- garnet, Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 26 January 2012
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