Software

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This is a lesson in the course Introduction to Computers, which is a part of The School of Computer Science

Subject classification: this is an information technology resource.

Educational level: this is a secondary education resource.

Type classification: this is a lesson resource.

Software enables computer hardware to perform specific tasks. Software, commonly known as programs or applications, consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. The program you're using right now to view Wikiversity is a type of program called a browser. A browser contains all the instructions that tell your computer how to display a web site. Software is capable of performing many different specific tasks, as opposed to hardware which only perform mechanical tasks that they are designed for. There are three major types of software that most computer users are aware of:

• Operating System software:

Helps run computer hardware and computer system. Computer software includes the operating system, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more; the stuff that makes your computer useable by most people.The most commonly used operating systems software are:
Windows
Mac OS X
GNU/Linux

• Application software:

Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks; browsing the internet or writing a text document, for example:
Word processor
Graphics software

• Programming software tools:

Software that assists a programmer in writing more computer software. Computer programs are often large and complex which makes them hard to design, create and maintain. In addition computer hardware can only execute computer instructions encoded as 1's and 0's (binary). Programming software tools makes it easier to create programs and maintain them. One of the most important tools is a compiler that takes a computer program written in a high level language, such as C, Java or Haskell, and translates to binary instructions for the computer hardware.

• Embedded Software

Software that runs on small computers inside other machines, for instance washing machines, cars or medical equipment. These type of programs usually have access to fewer resources (memory, networking, processor power, disk storage etc) and do not have a user interface. However as computer hardware and networking technology becomes cheaper, and smaller, embedded computers are becoming connected together more and more. This is popularly referred to as the "Internet of Things"

• Server Software:

Server programs run on larger centrally located machines. For instance a bank might have millions of customer records stored in a server database. A client machine (for instance a program running on a desktop computer) might send a search request for a specific customer account. The server will perform the search and return any data found. Server programs can be created to perform a variety of functions that require the processing of large amounts of information or performing a large number of computational processes.

• Computer Skills
• Internet Fundamentals

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