4276 Clifford

4276 Clifford
Discovery
Discovered by	E. Bowell
Discovery site	Lowell Obs.
Discovery date	2 December 1981
Designations
MPC designation	(4276) Clifford
Named after	Clifford Cunningham (Canadian astronomer)
Alternative designations	1981 XA
Minor planet category	Mars-crosser · main belt
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	35.67 yr (13,027 days)
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	2.4195 AU
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	1.5994 AU
Semi-major axis	2.0095 AU
Eccentricity	0.2041
Orbital period	2.85 yr (1,040 days)
Mean anomaly	186.63°
Mean motion	0° 20m 45.6s / day
Inclination	21.033°
Longitude of ascending node	76.881°
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	3.5494°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	4.441±1.128 km
Geometric albedo	0.142±0.107
Spectral type	SMASS = Cb
Absolute magnitude (H)	14.6

Short description: Asteroid

4276 Clifford, provisional designation1981 XA is an asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser from the innermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 December 1981, by American astronomers Edward Bowell at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, United States. The asteroid was named in honor of astronomer and writer Clifford Cunningham.^[3]

Orbit and classification

Clifford is a member of the group of main-belt asteroids known as Mars-crosser asteroids, specifically, it is listed as an Outer-grazer.^{[citation needed]} It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.6–2.4 AU once every 2 years and 10 months (1,040 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1]

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Clifford is a Cb-type, which transitions from the carbonaceous C-type asteroids to the rare B-type asteroids.^[1]

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Clifford measures 4.441 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.142.^[4] As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained of Clifford. Its rotation period and shape remain unknown.^[5]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Canadian astronomer and author Clifford Cunningham, who is best known for his 1988 published book Introduction to Asteroids and 5-volume history of asteroid studies published by Springer in 2016 and 2017. He received his Ph.D. in the history of astronomy in 2015. His astronomical work includes astrometry and photometry of minor planets.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 April 1990 (M.P.C. 16248).^[6]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4276 Clifford (1981 XA)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2004276.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4276) Clifford". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4276) Clifford. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 366. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4236. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "4276 Clifford (1981 XA)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4276.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
↑ "LCDB Data for (4276) Clifford". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=4276|Clifford.
↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html.

External links

Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)–(5000) – Minor Planet Center
4276 Clifford at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
4276 Clifford at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4276 Clifford. Read more

[jpldata-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4276 Clifford (1981 XA)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2004276.

[springer-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4276) Clifford". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4276) Clifford. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 366. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4236. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

[MPC-Clifford-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "4276 Clifford (1981 XA)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4276.

[Nugent-2015-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 15 June 2017.

[lcdb-5] "LCDB Data for (4276) Clifford". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=4276|Clifford.

[MPC-Circulars-Archive-6] "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html.