Plutonium Tetrafluoride

Plutonium tetrafluoride^[1]
	; A sample of plutonium tetrafluoride produced at the Hanford Site during the Cold War
Names
	IUPAC name Plutonium(IV) fluoride
	Other names Plutonium tetrafluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	13709-56-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	123078;
PubChem CID	139558;
	InChI InChI=1S/4FH.Pu/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 Key: USCBBUFEOOSGAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J;
	SMILES F[Pu](F)(F)F;
Properties
Chemical formula	PuF4
Molar mass	320 g/mol
Appearance	reddish-brown monoclinic crystals
Density	7.1 g/cm3
Melting point	1,027 °C (1,881 °F; 1,300 K)
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mS60
Space group	C12/c1, No. 15
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Plutonium(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula (PuF₄). This salt is generally a brown solid but can appear a variety of colors depending on the grain size, purity, moisture content, lighting, and presence of contaminants.^[4]^[5] Its primary use in the United States has been as an intermediary product in the production of plutonium metal for nuclear weapons usage.^[3]

Formation

Plutonium(IV) fluoride is produced in the reaction between plutonium dioxide (PuO₂) or plutonium(III) fluoride (PuF₃) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in a stream of oxygen (O₂) at 450 to 600 °C. The main purpose of the oxygen stream is to avoid reduction of the product by hydrogen gas, small amounts of which are often found in HF.^[6]

PuO₂ + O₂ + 4 HF → PuF₄ + O₂ + 2 H₂O

4 PuF₃ + O₂ + 4 HF → 4 PuF₄ + 2 H₂O

Laser irradiation of plutonium hexafluoride (PuF₆) at wavelengths under 520 nm causes it to decompose into plutonium pentafluoride (PuF₅) and fluorine; if this is continued, plutonium(IV) fluoride is obtained.^[7]

Properties

In terms of its structure, solid plutonium(IV) fluoride features 8-coordinate Pu centers interconnected by doubly bridging fluoride ligands.^[8]

Reaction of plutonium tetrafluoride with barium, calcium, or lithium at 1200 °C give Pu metal:^[4]^[5]^[3]

PuF₄ + 2 Ba → 2 BaF₂ + Pu

PuF₄ + 2 Ca → 2 CaF₂ + Pu

PuF₄ + 4 Li → 4 LiF + Pu

Plutonium tetrafluoride sample with example of one color illustrated through reference to a color standard^[9]

References

↑ Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–76, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
↑ Pfeiffer, Martin (March 3, 2019). "FOI 2019-00371.Loaded powder pan at RMC line". https://osf.io/5md4c/.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 United States Department of Energy (1997). Linking Legacies: Connecting the Cold War Nuclear Weapons Production Processes to Their Environmental Consequences. Washington D.C.: United States Department of Energy. pp. 184; passim. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/03/f8/Linking_Legacies.pdf.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Baldwin, Charles E.; Navratil, James D. (1983-05-19). "Plutonium Process Chemistry at Rocky Flats". in Carnall, William T.; Choppin, Gregory R. (in en). Plutonium Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. 216. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. pp. 369–380. doi:10.1021/bk-1983-0216.ch024. ISBN 9780841207721.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Christensen, Eldon L.; Grey, Leonard W.; Navratil, James D.; Schulz, Wallace W. (1983-05-19). "Present Status and Future Directions of Plutonium Process Chemistry". in Carnall, William T.; Choppin, Gregory R. (in en). Plutonium Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. 216. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. pp. 349–368. doi:10.1021/bk-1983-0216.ch023. ISBN 9780841207721.
↑ Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 71, Transurane, Teil C, pp. 104–107.
↑ , Sherman W. & George M. Campbell"Photochemical preparation of plutonium pentafluoride" patent 4670239, issued 1987-06-02
↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ Pfeiffer, Martin (March 3, 2019). "PuF4 Pics ORO 2019 00475-FN Final Response 20190312_Page_07_Image_0001". https://osf.io/27xzs/.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium tetrafluoride. Read more

[hand-1] Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–76, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

[2] Pfeiffer, Martin (March 3, 2019). "FOI 2019-00371.Loaded powder pan at RMC line". https://osf.io/5md4c/.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 United States Department of Energy (1997). Linking Legacies: Connecting the Cold War Nuclear Weapons Production Processes to Their Environmental Consequences. Washington D.C.: United States Department of Energy. pp. 184; passim. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/03/f8/Linking_Legacies.pdf.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Baldwin, Charles E.; Navratil, James D. (1983-05-19). "Plutonium Process Chemistry at Rocky Flats". in Carnall, William T.; Choppin, Gregory R. (in en). Plutonium Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. 216. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. pp. 369–380. doi:10.1021/bk-1983-0216.ch024. ISBN 9780841207721.

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Christensen, Eldon L.; Grey, Leonard W.; Navratil, James D.; Schulz, Wallace W. (1983-05-19). "Present Status and Future Directions of Plutonium Process Chemistry". in Carnall, William T.; Choppin, Gregory R. (in en). Plutonium Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. 216. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. pp. 349–368. doi:10.1021/bk-1983-0216.ch023. ISBN 9780841207721.

[Gmelin-6] Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 71, Transurane, Teil C, pp. 104–107.

[7] , Sherman W. & George M. Campbell"Photochemical preparation of plutonium pentafluoride" patent 4670239, issued 1987-06-02

[8] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[9] Pfeiffer, Martin (March 3, 2019). "PuF4 Pics ORO 2019 00475-FN Final Response 20190312_Page_07_Image_0001". https://osf.io/27xzs/.

v t e Plutonium compounds
Plutonium(II)	PuH₂ PuB₂
Plutonium(III)	PuH₃ PuB PuCl₃ PuF₃
Plutonium(IV)	PuC PuF₄ PuO₂ Pu(C₈H₈)₂
Plutonium(VI)	PuF₆

Names
A sample of plutonium tetrafluoride produced at the Hanford Site during the Cold War^[2]^[3]

IUPAC name Plutonium(IV) fluoride
Other names Plutonium tetrafluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	13709-56-3^N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	123078
PubChem CID	139558
InChI InChI=1S/4FH.Pu/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 Key: USCBBUFEOOSGAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J
SMILES F[Pu](F)(F)F
Properties
Chemical formula	PuF₄
Molar mass	320 g/mol
Appearance	reddish-brown monoclinic crystals
Density	7.1 g/cm³
Melting point	1,027 °C (1,881 °F; 1,300 K)
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mS60
Space group	C12/c1, No. 15
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references