Thorium Tetrafluoride

Thorium(IV) fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	13709-59-6;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
EC Number	237-259-6;
PubChem CID	83680;
	InChI InChI=1S/4FH.Th/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4;
	SMILES F[Th](F)(F)F;
Properties
Chemical formula	ThF4
Molar mass	308.03 g/mol
Appearance	white crystals
Density	6.3 g/cm3
Melting point	1,110 °C (2,030 °F; 1,380 K)
Boiling point	1,680 °C (3,060 °F; 1,950 K)
Refractive index (nD)	1.56
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mS60
Space group	C12/c1, No. 15
Hazards
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Thorium(IV) chloride; Thorium(IV) bromide; Thorium(IV) iodide
Other cations	Protactinium(IV) fluoride; Uranium(IV) fluoride; Neptunium(IV) fluoride; Plutonium(IV) fluoride
Related compounds	Thorium dioxide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Thorium(IV) fluoride (ThF₄) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a white hygroscopic powder which can be produced by reacting thorium with fluorine gas. At temperatures above 500 °C, it reacts with atmospheric moisture to produce ThOF₂.^[1]

Uses

Despite its (mild) radioactivity, thorium fluoride is used as an antireflection material in multilayered optical coatings. It has excellent optical transparency in the range 0.35–12 µm, and its radiation is primarily due to alpha particles, which can be easily stopped by a thin cover layer of another material.^[2]^[3] However, like all alpha emitters, thorium is potentially hazardous if incorporated, which means safety should focus on reducing or eliminating this danger. In addition to its radioactivity, thorium is also a chemically toxic heavy metal.

Thorium fluoride was used^[when?] in making carbon arc lamps, which provided high-intensity illumination for movie projectors and search lights.^[4]^[5]

References

↑ Dale L. Perry, Sidney L. Phillips (1995). Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. p. 412. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0fT4wfhF1AsC&pg=PA412.
↑ James D. Rancourt (1996). Optical thin films: user handbook. SPIE Press. p. 196. ISBN 0-8194-2285-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=_VsEiRoFnXcC&pg=PA196.
↑ W. Heitmann and E. Ritter (1968). "Production and properties of vacuum evaporated films of thorium fluoride". Appl. Opt. 7 (2): 307–9. doi:10.1364/AO.7.000307. PMID 20062461. Bibcode: 1968ApOpt...7..307H. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-7-2-307.
↑ McKetta, John J. (1996). Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design: Thermoplastics to Trays, Separation, Useful Capacity. CRC Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-8247-2609-X. https://books.google.com/books?id=ahNFGR1jMB4C&pg=PA81.
↑ Thorium tetrafluoride International Bio-Analytical Industries, Inc.

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[1] Dale L. Perry, Sidney L. Phillips (1995). Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. p. 412. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0fT4wfhF1AsC&pg=PA412.

[2] James D. Rancourt (1996). Optical thin films: user handbook. SPIE Press. p. 196. ISBN 0-8194-2285-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=_VsEiRoFnXcC&pg=PA196.

[3] W. Heitmann and E. Ritter (1968). "Production and properties of vacuum evaporated films of thorium fluoride". Appl. Opt. 7 (2): 307–9. doi:10.1364/AO.7.000307. PMID 20062461. Bibcode: 1968ApOpt...7..307H. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-7-2-307.

[4] McKetta, John J. (1996). Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design: Thermoplastics to Trays, Separation, Useful Capacity. CRC Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-8247-2609-X. https://books.google.com/books?id=ahNFGR1jMB4C&pg=PA81.

[5] Thorium tetrafluoride International Bio-Analytical Industries, Inc.

v t e Thorium compounds
Th(II)	ThO
Th(IV)	ThO₂ Th(OH)₄ ThC ThCl₄ ThF₄ ThI₄ ThSiO₄ Th(C₂O₄)₂ ThS₂ Th(NO₃)₄ Th(C₈H₈)₂

Identifiers

CAS Number	13709-59-6
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
EC Number	237-259-6
PubChem CID	83680
InChI InChI=1S/4FH.Th/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
SMILES F[Th](F)(F)F
Properties
Chemical formula	ThF₄
Molar mass	308.03 g/mol
Appearance	white crystals
Density	6.3 g/cm³
Melting point	1,110 °C (2,030 °F; 1,380 K)
Boiling point	1,680 °C (3,060 °F; 1,950 K)
Refractive index (n_D)	1.56
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mS60
Space group	C12/c1, No. 15
Hazards
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Thorium(IV) chloride Thorium(IV) bromide Thorium(IV) iodide
Other cations	Protactinium(IV) fluoride Uranium(IV) fluoride Neptunium(IV) fluoride Plutonium(IV) fluoride
Related compounds	Thorium dioxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y verify (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Thorium Tetrafluoride

Uses

See also

References