Hydrogen Telluride

Hydrogen telluride
	; Liquid hydrogen telluride in a test tube
	; Tellurium, Te Hydrogen, H
Names
	IUPAC name hydrogen telluride
	Other names hydrotelluric acid; tellane; tellurium hydride; dihydrogen telluride; tellurane
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-09-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:30452 ;
ChemSpider	20455 ;
EC Number	236-813-4;
PubChem CID	21765;
UNII	7F4735942K ;
	InChI InChI=1S/H2Te/h1H2 Key: VTLHPSMQDDEFRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES [TeH2];
Properties
Chemical formula	H2Te
Molar mass	129.6158 g mol−1
Appearance	colourless gas
Odor	Pungent, resembles rotting garlic or leeks
Density	3.310 g/L, gas ; 2.57 g/cm3 (−20 °C, liquid)
Melting point	−49 °C (−56 °F; 224 K)
Boiling point	−2.2 °C (28.0 °F; 270.9 K) (unstable above −2 °C)
Solubility in water	0.70 g/100 mL
Acidity (pKa)	2.6
Conjugate acid	Telluronium
Conjugate base	Telluride
Structure
Molecular shape	bent
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	0.7684 kJ/g
Hazards
Main hazards	toxic
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	4 4 1
Related compounds
Other anions	H2O; H2S; H2Se; H2Po
Other cations	Na2Te; Ag2Te; K2Te; Rb2Te; Cs2Te
Related compounds	telluric acid ; tellurous acid ; stibine
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Hydrogen telluride is the inorganic compound with the formula H₂Te. A hydrogen chalcogenide and the simplest hydride of tellurium, it is a colorless gas. Although unstable in ambient air, the gas can exist at very low concentrations long enough to be readily detected by the odour of rotting garlic at extremely low concentrations; or by the revolting odour of rotting leeks at somewhat higher concentrations. Most compounds with Te–H bonds (tellurols) are unstable with respect to loss of H₂. H₂Te is chemically and structurally similar to hydrogen selenide, both are acidic. The H–Te–H angle is about 90°. Volatile tellurium compounds often have unpleasant odours, reminiscent of decayed leeks or garlic.^[2]

Synthesis

Electrolytic methods have been developed.^[3]

H₂Te can also be prepared by hydrolysis of the telluride derivatives of electropositive metals.^[4] The typical hydrolysis is that of aluminium telluride:

Al₂Te₃ + 6 H₂O → 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 H₂Te

Other salts of Te²⁻ such as MgTe and sodium telluride can also be used. Na₂Te can be made by the reaction of Na and Te in anhydrous ammonia.^[5] The intermediate in the hydrolysis, HTe⁻, can be isolated as salts as well. NaHTe can be made by reducing tellurium with NaBH₄.^[5]

Hydrogen telluride cannot be efficiently prepared from its constituent elements, in contrast to H₂Se.^[3]

Properties

H₂Te is an endothermic compound, degrading to the elements at room temperature:

H₂Te → H₂ + Te

Light accelerates the decomposition. It is unstable in air, being oxidized to water and elemental tellurium:^[6]

2 H₂Te + O₂ → 2 H₂O + 2 Te

It is almost as acidic as phosphoric acid (K_a = 8.1×10⁻³), having a K_a value of about 2.3×10⁻³.^[6] It reacts with many metals to form tellurides.^[7]

References

↑ Lide, David R., ed (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
↑ Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN:0-7506-3365-4.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 F. Fehér, "Hydrogen Telluride" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. pp. 438.
↑ Shriver, Atkins. Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2010; pp 407.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Nicola Petragnani; Hélio A. Stefani (2007). Tellurium in organic synthesis. Best synthetic methods (2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-08-045310-1.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Egon Wiberg; Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001). Nils Wiberg. ed. Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 589. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
↑ Henry Enfield Roscoe; Carl Schorlemmer (1878). A treatise on chemistry. 1. Appleton. pp. 367–368.

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[1] Lide, David R., ed (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.

[Greenwood-2] Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN:0-7506-3365-4.

[Brauer-3] 3.0 ^3.1 F. Fehér, "Hydrogen Telluride" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. pp. 438.

[4] Shriver, Atkins. Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2010; pp 407.

[petragnani-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Nicola Petragnani; Hélio A. Stefani (2007). Tellurium in organic synthesis. Best synthetic methods (2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-08-045310-1.

[wiberg2001-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Egon Wiberg; Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001). Nils Wiberg. ed. Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 589. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[7] Henry Enfield Roscoe; Carl Schorlemmer (1878). A treatise on chemistry. 1. Appleton. pp. 367–368.

Hydrogen Telluride

Contents

Synthesis

Properties

See also

References

Names
Liquid hydrogen telluride in a test tube

Tellurium, Te Hydrogen, H
IUPAC name hydrogen telluride
Other names hydrotelluric acid tellane tellurium hydride dihydrogen telluride tellurane
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-09-7^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30452^N
ChemSpider	20455^N
EC Number	236-813-4
PubChem CID	21765
UNII	7F4735942K^N
InChI InChI=1S/H2Te/h1H2^N Key: VTLHPSMQDDEFRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N
SMILES [TeH2]
Properties
Chemical formula	H₂Te
Molar mass	129.6158 g mol⁻¹
Appearance	colourless gas
Odor	Pungent, resembles rotting garlic or leeks
Density	3.310 g/L, gas 2.57 g/cm³ (−20 °C, liquid)
Melting point	−49 °C (−56 °F; 224 K)^[1]
Boiling point	−2.2 °C (28.0 °F; 270.9 K) (unstable above −2 °C)
Solubility in water	0.70 g/100 mL
Acidity (pK_a)	2.6
Conjugate acid	Telluronium
Conjugate base	Telluride
Structure
Molecular shape	bent
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)	0.7684 kJ/g
Hazards
Main hazards	toxic
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	4 4 1
Related compounds
Other anions	H₂O H₂S H₂Se H₂Po
Other cations	Na₂Te Ag₂Te K₂Te Rb₂Te Cs₂Te
Related compounds	telluric acid tellurous acid stibine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references