Vivendi Games

From Handwiki
Short description: Defunct American video game company
Vivendi Games
Formerly
  • CUC Software
  • (1996–1997)
  • Cendant Software
  • (1997–1998)
  • Havas Interactive
  • (1998–2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing
  • (2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Games
  • (2001–2006)
TypeDivision
IndustryVideo games
FateMerged with Activision
SuccessorActivision Blizzard
FoundedJuly 24, 1996; 27 years ago (1996-07-24) in Torrance, California
DefunctJuly 10, 2008; 16 years ago (2008-07-10)
Headquarters
Los Angeles
,
US
Area served
North America, Europe
Key people
Bruce Hack (CEO)
Parent
  • CUC International
  • (1996–1997)
  • Cendant
  • (1997–1998)
  • Vivendi Universal Publishing
  • (1998–2003)
  • Vivendi
  • (2003–2008)

Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles . It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.

History

CUC/Cendant

On February 21, 1996, CUC International announced its intention to acquire Davidson & Associates (including Blizzard Entertainment) and Sierra On-Line, two American video game companies, in a US$1.8 billion stock swap.[1] The deal closed on July 24, 1996.[2] CUC International previously only operated membership shopping clubs, wherefore analysts were surprised by the company's move into the software industry.[1]

Subsequently, following the acquisitions, CUC International established CUC Software around the Torrance, California-based operations of Davidson & Associates to oversee the new video game properties.[3] Under that new umbrella, both Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line would act independently from CUC International.[4] Bob Davidson, co-founder of Davidson & Associates, became chairman and chief executive of the new establishment.[5] On November 5 that year, CUC International announced that they would additionally acquire Knowledge Adventure, another developer, in a stock deal valued between $50 million and US$100 million.[5] The acquisition was completed on February 3, 1997.[3] On February 10, Davidson announced that he had stepped down from his positions at CUC Software, and that his wife, Jan, ceased as president of Davidson & Associates, while both Davidsons stayed on CUC International's board of directors.[3] Christopher McLeod, an executive vice-president for CUC International, took over CUC Software in Bob Davidson's place.[3] In April 1997, CUC International acquired Berkeley Systems for an undisclosed sum.[6]

On May 28, 1997, CUC International announced plans to merge with Hospitality Franchise Systems to create a single, "one-stop" entity.[7][8] The merger was finalized in December that year and created Cendant.[9] As a result of the merger, CUC Software was renamed Cendant Software.[10]

Havas/Vivendi

On November 20, 1998, French media company Havas (acquired by Vivendi earlier that year) announced that it would acquire Cendant Software for $800 million in cash, with up to an additional $200 million contingent on its performance.[11][12] Subsequently, the division was renamed Havas Interactive.[13]

On May 16, 2001, Havas Interactive was renamed Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing, while Havas itself became Vivendi Universal Publishing.[14] The new name was likely due to the merger between Universal and Vivendi; the company also received ownership of properties from Universal Interactive Studios. Under the new name, the company was split into two parts: Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing North America and Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing International, both of which took responsibility for their respective publishing regions.[14] On November 13, 2001, both parts were streamlined under the name Vivendi Universal Games.[15]

When Vivendi Universal sold all of its media operations to General Electric in October 2003, Vivendi Universal held on to Vivendi Universal Games, which was re-organized as a direct division of the conglomerate.[16] On March 3, 2006, with the sale completed, Vivendi Universal announced they would be dropping the "Universal" part of their name.[17] The same day, the company opened a mobile games division known as Vivendi Universal Games Mobile.[18]

Merger with Activision

In December 2007, American publisher Activision announced a proposed merger deal with Vivendi Games that would create a new holding company named Activision Blizzard.[19][20] The deal was approved by Activision's shareholders on July 8, 2008,[20] and the merger was finalized on July 10, creating Activision Blizzard while dissolving Vivendi Games.[21] Bruce Hack, who served as chief executive officer of Vivendi Games, became vice-chairman and chief corporate officer of the new company.[21] Many of Vivendi Games' properties were later dropped by Activision, citing that they would not make for a good fit for the company's long-term strategy.[22]

Subsidiaries

Publishers

Name Founded or acquired Ref.
Black Label Games August 2002 [23][24]
Fox Interactive March 2003[lower-alpha 1] [25]
NDA Productions March 2002 [26][27]
Sierra Entertainment July 1996 [28]
Universal Interactive June 2000[lower-alpha 2] [29][30]
Vivendi Games Mobile March 2006 [31]

Former

Centerscore September 2006 [32][33]

Developers

Name Founded or acquired Ref.
Blizzard Entertainment March 1994 [34]
Berkeley Systems April 1997 [35]
Davidson & Associates July 1996 [36]
High Moon Studios January 2006 [37]
Massive Entertainment October 2002 [38][39]
Radical Entertainment March 2005 [40][41]
Swordfish Studios June 2005 [42]
Wanako Games February 2007 [43][44][45]

Former

Knowledge Adventure February 1997 [46][47]
Coktel Vision 1996

Games

Notes

  1. ↑ Acquired from News Corporation in March 2003, became label.
  2. ↑ Absorbed through the Vivendi–Universal merger in June 2000, became label.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). "CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/business/cuc-will-buy-2-software-companies-for-1.8-billion.html. 
  2. ↑ "CUC INTERNATIONAL INC. COMPLETES ACQUISITIONS OF DAVIDSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SIERRA ON-LINE, INC.". PR Newswire. July 24, 1996. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kaplan, Karen (February 10, 1997). "Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-02-10-fi-27220-story.html. 
  4. ↑ Helm, Leslie (February 21, 1996). "Marketer CUC to Buy Davidson & Associates". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-21-fi-38256-story.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kaplan, Karen (November 6, 1996). "CUC Will Buy Knowledge Adventure". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-11-06-fi-61744-story.html. 
  6. ↑ Quistgaard, Kaitlin (April 2, 1997). "CUC Buys Content Maker Berkeley Systems". Wired. https://www.wired.com/1997/04/cuc-buys-content-maker-berkeley-systems/. Retrieved July 20, 2018. 
  7. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (May 28, 1997). "$11 Billion Merger Plan Would Join HFS and CUC". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/28/business/11-billion-merger-plan-would-join-hfs-and-cuc.html. 
  8. ↑ "CUC-HFS Merger Deal to Create Strong One-Stop-Shopping Entity". May 28, 1997. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-05-28-fi-63045-story.html. 
  9. ↑ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). "CUC Gets Renamed". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/cuc-gets-renamed/1100-2462150/. 
  10. ↑ "CUC Now Cendant". Game Developer (UBM TechWeb): 13. March 1998. https://archive.org/stream/GDM_March_1998#page/n3. 
  11. ↑ Hansell, Saul (November 20, 1998). "Cendant Said to Near Sale of Software Division". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/20/business/cendant-said-to-near-sale-of-software-division.html. 
  12. ↑ "Cendant Sells Software Unit". Wired. November 20, 1998. https://www.wired.com/1998/11/cendant-sells-software-unit/. Retrieved July 20, 2018. 
  13. ↑ Rose, Frank (December 1, 2000). "Vivendi's High Wireless Act". Wired. https://www.wired.com/2000/12/vivendi/. Retrieved July 20, 2018. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Havas Interactive Changes Name To Vivendi". May 16, 2001. https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/91497/Havas_Interactive_Changes_Name_To_Vivendi.php. 
  15. ↑ Graser, Marc (November 15, 2001). "Viv U streamlines games". https://variety.com/2001/digital/news/viv-u-streamlines-games-1117855872/. 
  16. ↑ Fahey, Rob (October 8, 2003). "General Electric buys Vivendi media empire". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/general-electric-buys-vivendi-media-empire. 
  17. ↑ Gibson, Ellie (March 3, 2006). "Vivendi Universal to shorten company name". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-universal-to-shorten-company-name. 
  18. ↑ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). "Gamasutra - The Art & Business of Making Games". https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/99344/Vivendi_Starts_Mobile_Phone_Gaming_Division.php. 
  19. ↑ Rosmarin, Rachel (December 2, 2007). "Vivendi To Merge With Activision". https://www.forbes.com/2007/12/02/vivendi-computer-guitar-tech-media-cx_rr_1202activision.html. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Alexander, Leigh (July 8, 2008). "Activision Blizzard Merger Official". https://kotaku.com/5023049/activision-blizzard-merger-official. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Alexander, Leigh (July 10, 2008). "Activision Blizzard Merger Finalized". https://kotaku.com/5023808/activision-blizzard-merger-finalized. 
  22. ↑ Pattison, Narayan (July 29, 2008). "Activision Drops Several Vivendi Games". https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/07/29/activision-drops-several-vivendi-games. 
  23. ↑ Varanini, Giancarlo (August 13, 2002). "Vivendi creates new studio". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-creates-new-studio/1100-2877275/. 
  24. ↑ IGN Staff (August 13, 2002). "VU Creates Black Label Games". https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/08/13/vu-creates-black-label-games. 
  25. ↑ Pham, Alex (March 11, 2003). "Fox Sells Video Game Division to Vivendi". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-mar-11-fi-rup11.8-story.html. 
  26. ↑ "Un nuovo team per Vivendi Universal" (in it). March 27, 2002. https://multiplayer.it/notizie/un-nuovo-team-per-vivendi-universal.html. 
  27. ↑ IGN Staff (November 13, 2002). "Europe Gets Hard Early". https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/11/13/europe-gets-hard-early. 
  28. ↑ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). "CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/business/cuc-will-buy-2-software-companies-for-1.8-billion.html. 
  29. ↑ Stokes, Ian (June 26, 2018). "Buy Low, Sell High: Vivendi's History in Video Games". https://www.kotaku.co.uk/2018/06/26/buy-low-sell-high-vivendis-history-in-video-games. 
  30. ↑ Teather, David (June 19, 2000). "Vivendi seals merger". https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/jun/19/media1. 
  31. ↑ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). "Gamasutra - The Art & Business of Making Games". https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/99344/Vivendi_Starts_Mobile_Phone_Gaming_Division.php. 
  32. ↑ "Vivendi acquires Centerscore". September 13, 2006. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-acquires-centerscore. 
  33. ↑ Dobson, Jason (September 12, 2006). "Vivendi Acquires Centerscore, Expands Mobile Portfolio". https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/101792/Vivendi_Acquires_Centerscore_Expands_Mobile_Portfolio.php. 
  34. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (March 1, 1994). "Technology". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-03-01-fi-28733-story.html. 
  35. ↑ "2K Madrid". 2K Madrid. https://2kmadrid.com/. 
  36. ↑ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). "CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/business/cuc-will-buy-2-software-companies-for-1.8-billion.html. 
  37. ↑ Gibson, Ellie (January 6, 2006). "Vivendi Universal acquires High Moon Studios". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-universal-acquires-high-moon-studios. 
  38. ↑ "Vivendi Universal Publishing announces the acquisition of Massive Entertainment". October 3, 2002. https://www.bluesnews.com/a/449/vivendi-universal-publishing-announces-the-acquisition-of-massive-entertainment. 
  39. ↑ Parker, Sam (October 3, 2002). "Vivendi Universal acquires Massive Entertainment". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-universal-acquires-massive-entertainment/1100-2882366/. 
  40. ↑ Fahey, Rob (March 23, 2005). "VU Games acquires Simpsons: Hit & Run developer Radical Entertainment". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vu-games-acquires-simpsons-hit-run-developer-radical-entertainment. 
  41. ↑ Jenkins, David (March 23, 2005). "Vivendi Universal Acquires Simpsons: Hit & Run Developer". https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/96131/Vivendi_Universal_Acquires_Simpsons_Hit__Run_Developer.php. 
  42. ↑ Fahey, Rob (June 15, 2005). "Vivendi nets Swordfish in new acquisition deal". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-nets-swordfish-in-new-acquisition-deal. 
  43. ↑ Arendt, Susan (February 20, 2007). "Vivendi Acquires Assault Heroes Developer". Wired. https://www.wired.com/2007/02/vivendi-acquire/. Retrieved July 21, 2018. 
  44. ↑ Boyer, Brandon (February 20, 2007). "Vivendi Acquires Wanako Games". https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/103778/Vivendi_Acquires_Wanako_Games.php. 
  45. ↑ Kietzmann, Ludwig (February 20, 2007). "Vivendi acquires Wanako Games". https://www.engadget.com/2007/02/20/vivendi-acquires-wanako-games/. 
  46. ↑ Kaplan, Karen (February 10, 1997). "Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-02-10-fi-27220-story.html. 
  47. ↑ Fahey, Rob (October 6, 2004). "Vivendi Universal sells educational games division". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-universal-sells-educational-games-division. 



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