Timeline Of Theoretical Physics

The Timeline of theoretical physics lists key events by century.

17th century

• 1687 - Newton: Laws of Motion and Law of Gravity^[1]

18th century

• 1782 - Lavoisier: Conservation of matter
• 1785 - Coulomb: Inverse-square law for electric charges confirmed^[2]

19th century

• 1801 - Young: Wave theory of light
• 1803 - Dalton: Atomic theory of matter
• 1806 - Young: Kinetic energy
• 1814 - Fresnel: Wave theory of light, interference
• 1820 - Ampère, Biot, & Savart: Evidence for electromagnetic interactions
• 1824 - Sadi Carnot: Ideal gas cycle analysis, internal combustion engine
• 1827 - Ohm: Electrical resistance, etc.
• 1838 - Michael Faraday: Lines of force, Fields
• 1838 - Weber: Earth's magnetic field
• 1842-43 - Kelvin & Mayer: Conservation of energy
• 1842 - Kelvin: Doppler effect
• 1845 - Faraday: Faraday Rotation (light and electromagnetic)
• 1847 - Helmholtz & Joule: Conservation of Energy 2
• 1850-51 - Kelvin & Clausius: Second law of thermodynamics
• 1857-59 - Clausius & Maxwell: Kinetic theory
• 1861 - Kirchhoff: Black body
• 1863 - Clausius: Entropy
• 1864 - Maxwell: Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
• 1867 - Maxwell: Dynamic theory of gases
• 1871-89 - Boltzmann & Gibbs: Statistical mechanics
• 1884 - Boltzmann derives Stefan radiation law^{[citation needed]}
• 1887 - Hertz: Electromagnetic waves
• 1893 - Wien: Radiation law^{[citation needed]}
• 1895 - Röntgen: X-rays
• 1896 - Becquerel: Radioactivity
• 1897 - Thomson: Electron

20th century

• 1900 - Planck: Formula for black-body radiation
• 1905 - Einstein: Special relativity, Photoelectric effect & Brownian motion
• 1911 - Rutherford: Discovery of the atomic nucleus, Kamerlingh Onnes: Superconductivity & equivalence principle
• 1913 - Bohr: Bohr model of the atom
• 1916 - Einstein: General relativity
• 1919 - Light Bending confirmed
• 1922 - Friedmann proposes expanding universe
• 1923 - Stern–Gerlach experiment, Matter waves, galaxies & particle nature of photons confirmed
• 1925-27 - Quantum mechanics
• 1925 - Stellar structure understood
• 1927 - Lemaître: Big Bang
• 1928 - Dirac: Antimatter predicted
• 1929 - Hubble: Expansion of universe confirmed
• 1932 - Anderson: Antimatter discovered & Chadwick: Neutron discovered
• 1933 - Invention of the electron microscope by Ernst Ruska
• 1937 - Muon discovered by Anderson & Neddermeyer
• 1938 - Superfluidity discovered & Energy production in stars understood
• 1939 - Uranium fission discoveredo
• 1944 - Theory of magnetism in 2D: Ising model
• 1947 - Pion discovered
• 1948 - Quantum electrodynamics
• 1948 - Invention of the maser and laser by Charles Townes
• 1956 - Electron neutrino discovered
• 1956-57 - Parity found violated^{[citation needed]}
• 1957 - Superconductivity explained^{[citation needed]}
• 1959-60 - Role of topology in quantum physics predicted and Confirmed^{[citation needed]}
• 1962 - SU(3) theory of strong interactions & muon neutrino found
• 1963 - Murray Gell-Mann & George Zweig: Quarks predicted
• 1967 - Unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions, Solar neutrino Problem found & Pulsars (neutron stars) discovered^{[citation needed]}
• 1968 - Experimental evidence for quarks found
• 1968 - Vera Rubin: Dark matter theories
• 1970-73 - Standard Model of elementary particles invented
• 1971 - Helium 3 Superfluidity
• 1974 - Black hole radiation predicted, renormalization group & charmed quark found
• 1975 - Tau lepton found
• 1977 - Bottom quark found
• 1980 - Quantum Hall effect
• 1981 - Theory of Cosmic Inflation proposed^{[citation needed]}
• 1982 - Fractional quantum Hall effect
• 1995 - Wolfgang Ketterle: Bose–Einstein condensate found
• 1995 - Top quark found
• 1998 - Accelerating expansion of Universe found^{[citation needed]}
• 1999 - Lene Vestergaard Hau: Slow light experimentally demonstrated

21st century

• 2000 - Tau neutrino found
• 2003 - WMAP Observations of cosmic microwave background
• 2012 - Higgs boson found
• 2014 - Gravitational waves detected from Cosmic microwave background

See also

• Physics
• Timeline of developments in theoretical physics

References

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