List Of Quasiparticles

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This is a list of quasiparticles.

Quasiparticles
Quasiparticle	Signification	Underlying particles
Anyon	A type of quasiparticle that occurs only in two-dimensional systems, with properties much less restricted than fermions and bosons.
Bion	A bound state of solitons, named for Born–Infeld model	soliton
Bipolaron	A bound pair of two polarons	polaron (electron, phonon)
Bogoliubon	Broken Cooper pair	electron, hole
Configuron^[1]	An elementary configurational excitation in an amorphous material which involves breaking of a chemical bond
Dislon	A localized collective excitation associated with a dislocation in crystalline solids.^[2] It emerges from the quantization of the lattice displacement field of a classical dislocation
Doublons	Paired electrons in the same lattice site^[3]^[4]^[5]	electrons
Dropleton
Electron quasiparticle	An electron as affected by the other forces and interactions in the solid	electron
Electron hole (hole)	A lack of electron in a valence band	electron, cation
Exciton	A bound state of an electron and a hole (See also: biexciton)	electron, hole
Ferron	A quasiparticle that carries heat and polarization, akin to phonon and magnons.^[6]^[7]
Fracton	A collective quantized vibration on a substrate with a fractal structure.
Fracton (subdimensional particle)	An emergent quasiparticle excitation that is immobile when in isolation.
Holon (chargon)	A quasi-particle resulting from electron spin-charge separation
Leviton	A collective excitation of a single electron within a metal
Magnon	A coherent excitation of electron spins in a material
Majorana fermion	A quasiparticle equal to its own antiparticle, emerging as a midgap state in certain superconductors
Nematicon	A soliton in nematic liquid-crystal media
Orbiton^[8]	A quasiparticle resulting from electron spin–orbital separation
Oscillon	A soliton-like single wave in vibrating media
Phason	Vibrational modes in a quasicrystal associated with atomic rearrangements
Phoniton	A theoretical quasiparticle which is a hybridization of a localized, long-living phonon and a matter excitation^[9]
Phonon	Vibrational modes in a crystal lattice associated with atomic shifts
Plasmaron	A quasiparticle emerging from the coupling between a plasmon and a hole
Plasmon	A coherent excitation of a plasma
Polaron	A moving charged quasiparticle that is surrounded by ions in a material	electron, phonon
Polariton	A mixture of photon with other quasiparticles	photon, optical phonon
Roton	Elementary excitation in superfluid helium-4
Soliton	A self-reinforcing solitary excitation wave
Spinon	A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron spin–charge separation that can form both quantum spin liquid and strongly correlated quantum spin liquid
Trion	A coherent excitation of three quasiparticles (two holes and one electron or two electrons and one hole)
Triplon	A quasiparticle formed from electrons with triplet state pairing^[10]^[11]	triplet state electrons
Wrinklon	A localized excitation corresponding to wrinkles in a constrained two dimensional system^[12]^[13]

References

↑ Angell, C.A.; Rao, K.J. (1972). "Configurational excitations in condensed matter, and "bond lattice" model for the liquid-glass transition". J. Chem. Phys. 57 (1): 470–481. doi:10.1063/1.1677987. Bibcode: 1972JChPh..57..470A.
↑ M. Li, Y. Tsurimaki, Q. Meng, N. Andrejevic, Y. Zhu, G. D. Mahan, and G. Chen, "Theory of electron-phonon-dislon interacting system – toward a quantized theory of dislocations", New J. Phys. (2017) http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aaa383/meta
↑ Bergan, Brad (2021-06-29). "Physicist Just Discovered a New Quasiparticle" (in en-US). https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computing-new-quasiparticle.
↑ Besedin, Ilya S.; Gorlach, Maxim A.; Abramov, Nikolay N.; Tsitsilin, Ivan; Moskalenko, Ilya N.; Dobronosova, Alina A.; Moskalev, Dmitry O.; Matanin, Alexey R. et al. (2021-06-17). "Topological excitations and bound photon pairs in a superconducting quantum metamaterial" (in en). Physical Review B 103 (22). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520. ISSN 2469-9950. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520.
↑ Azcona, P. Martínez; Downing, C. A. (2021-06-15). "Doublons, topology and interactions in a one-dimensional lattice" (in en). Scientific Reports 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91778-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 34131200. PMC 8206211. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91778-z.
↑ Wooten, Brandi L.; Iguchi, Ryo; Tang, Ping; Kang, Joon Sang; Uchida, Ken-ichi; Bauer, Gerrit; Heremans, Joseph P. (2023-02-03). "Electric field–dependent phonon spectrum and heat conduction in ferroelectrics" (in en). Science Advances 9 (5): eadd7194. doi:10.1126/sciadv.add7194. ISSN 2375-2548. PMID 36724270.
↑ Gasparini, Allison (2023-02-17). "Researchers Spot a Ferron" (in en). Physics 16: 28. doi:10.1103/Physics.16.28. https://physics.aps.org/articles/v16/28.
↑ J. Schlappa; K. Wohlfeld; K. J. Zhou; M. Mourigal; M. W. Haverkort; V. N. Strocov; L. Hozoi; C. Monney et al. (2012-04-18). "Spin–orbital separation in the quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulator Sr₂CuO₃". Nature 485 (7396): 82–5. doi:10.1038/nature10974. PMID 22522933. Bibcode: 2012Natur.485...82S.
↑ "Introducing the Phoniton: a tool for controlling sound at the quantum level". University of Maryland Department of Physics. http://www.umdphysics.umd.edu/component/content/article/77-modules/582-introducing-the-phoniton-a-tool-for-controlling-sound-at-the-quantum-level.html.
↑ Drost, Robert; Kezilebieke, Shawulienu; Lado, Jose L.; Liljeroth, Peter (2023-08-22). "Real-Space Imaging of Triplon Excitations in Engineered Quantum Magnets". Physical Review Letters 131 (8): 086701. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.086701. PMID 37683177. https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/89093/2/PhysRevLett.131.086701.pdf.
↑ McRae, Mike (2023-08-25). "Waves of Entanglement Seen Rippling Through a Quantum Magnet For The First Time" (in en-US). https://www.sciencealert.com/waves-of-entanglement-seen-rippling-through-a-quantum-magnet-for-the-first-time.
↑ Johnson, Hamish. "Introducing the 'wrinklon'". Physics World. http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jun/20/introducing-the-wrinklon.
↑ Meng, Lan; Su, Ying; Geng, Dechao; Yu, Gui; Liu, Yunqi; Dou, Rui-Fen; Nie, Jia-Cai; He, Lin (2013). "Hierarchy of graphene wrinkles induced by thermal strain engineering". Applied Physics Letters 103 (25): 251610. doi:10.1063/1.4857115. Bibcode: 2013ApPhL.103y1610M.

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[1] Angell, C.A.; Rao, K.J. (1972). "Configurational excitations in condensed matter, and "bond lattice" model for the liquid-glass transition". J. Chem. Phys. 57 (1): 470–481. doi:10.1063/1.1677987. Bibcode: 1972JChPh..57..470A.

[2] M. Li, Y. Tsurimaki, Q. Meng, N. Andrejevic, Y. Zhu, G. D. Mahan, and G. Chen, "Theory of electron-phonon-dislon interacting system – toward a quantized theory of dislocations", New J. Phys. (2017) http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aaa383/meta

[3] Bergan, Brad (2021-06-29). "Physicist Just Discovered a New Quasiparticle" (in en-US). https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computing-new-quasiparticle.

[4] Besedin, Ilya S.; Gorlach, Maxim A.; Abramov, Nikolay N.; Tsitsilin, Ivan; Moskalenko, Ilya N.; Dobronosova, Alina A.; Moskalev, Dmitry O.; Matanin, Alexey R. et al. (2021-06-17). "Topological excitations and bound photon pairs in a superconducting quantum metamaterial" (in en). Physical Review B 103 (22). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520. ISSN 2469-9950. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520.

[5] Azcona, P. Martínez; Downing, C. A. (2021-06-15). "Doublons, topology and interactions in a one-dimensional lattice" (in en). Scientific Reports 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91778-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 34131200. PMC 8206211. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91778-z.

[6] Wooten, Brandi L.; Iguchi, Ryo; Tang, Ping; Kang, Joon Sang; Uchida, Ken-ichi; Bauer, Gerrit; Heremans, Joseph P. (2023-02-03). "Electric field–dependent phonon spectrum and heat conduction in ferroelectrics" (in en). Science Advances 9 (5): eadd7194. doi:10.1126/sciadv.add7194. ISSN 2375-2548. PMID 36724270.

[7] Gasparini, Allison (2023-02-17). "Researchers Spot a Ferron" (in en). Physics 16: 28. doi:10.1103/Physics.16.28. https://physics.aps.org/articles/v16/28.

[8] J. Schlappa; K. Wohlfeld; K. J. Zhou; M. Mourigal; M. W. Haverkort; V. N. Strocov; L. Hozoi; C. Monney et al. (2012-04-18). "Spin–orbital separation in the quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulator Sr₂CuO₃". Nature 485 (7396): 82–5. doi:10.1038/nature10974. PMID 22522933. Bibcode: 2012Natur.485...82S.

[9] "Introducing the Phoniton: a tool for controlling sound at the quantum level". University of Maryland Department of Physics. http://www.umdphysics.umd.edu/component/content/article/77-modules/582-introducing-the-phoniton-a-tool-for-controlling-sound-at-the-quantum-level.html.

[10] Drost, Robert; Kezilebieke, Shawulienu; Lado, Jose L.; Liljeroth, Peter (2023-08-22). "Real-Space Imaging of Triplon Excitations in Engineered Quantum Magnets". Physical Review Letters 131 (8): 086701. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.086701. PMID 37683177. https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/89093/2/PhysRevLett.131.086701.pdf.

[11] McRae, Mike (2023-08-25). "Waves of Entanglement Seen Rippling Through a Quantum Magnet For The First Time" (in en-US). https://www.sciencealert.com/waves-of-entanglement-seen-rippling-through-a-quantum-magnet-for-the-first-time.

[12] Johnson, Hamish. "Introducing the 'wrinklon'". Physics World. http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jun/20/introducing-the-wrinklon.

[wrinklon-elsv-13] Meng, Lan; Su, Ying; Geng, Dechao; Yu, Gui; Liu, Yunqi; Dou, Rui-Fen; Nie, Jia-Cai; He, Lin (2013). "Hierarchy of graphene wrinkles induced by thermal strain engineering". Applied Physics Letters 103 (25): 251610. doi:10.1063/1.4857115. Bibcode: 2013ApPhL.103y1610M.