Lgbt Erasure

From Handwiki
Short description: Societal act of dismissing or misrepresenting LGBT people
See also: Censorship of LGBT issuesTemplate:LGBT sidebar

LGBT erasure (also known as queer erasure) refers to the tendency to remove lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, aromantic, asexual and queer groups or people (i.e. the LGBT community) intentionally or unintentionally from record, or to dismiss or downplay their significance.[1][2][3] This erasure can be found in a number of written and oral texts, including popular and scholarly texts.

In academia and media

Queer historian Gregory Samantha Rosenthal refers to queer erasure in describing the exclusion of LGBT history from public history that can occur in urban contexts via gentrification.[4] Rosenthal says this results in the "displacement of queer peoples from public view".[5] Cáel Keegan describes the lack of appropriate and realistic representation of queer people, HIV-positive people, and queer people of color as being a type of aesthetic gentrification, where space is being appropriated from queer people's communities where queer people are not given any cultural representation.[6]

Erasure of LGBT people has taken place in medical research and schools as well, such as in the case of AIDS research that does not include lesbian populations.[citation needed] Medicine and academia can be places where visibility is produced or erased, such as the exclusion of gay and bisexual women in HIV discourses and studies or the lack of attention to LGBT identities in dealing with anti-bullying discourse in schools.[citation needed]

Straightwashing

Straightwashing is a form of queer erasure that refers to the portrayal of LGBT people, fictional characters, or historical figures as heterosexual.[7] It is most prominently seen in works of fiction, whereby characters who were originally portrayed as or intended to be homosexual, bisexual, or asexual are misrepresented as heterosexual.[8][9]

Bisexual erasure

This section is an excerpt from Bisexual erasure[ edit ]

Homosexuality erasure

Gay erasure

Lesbian erasure

This section is an excerpt from Lesbian erasure[ edit ]

Trans erasure

March for Black Trans Women IMG 6549 (49009536382).jpg

In 2007, Julia Serano discusses trans-erasure in the transfeminist book Whipping Girl. Serano says that transgender people are "effectively erased from public awareness" due to the assumption that everyone is cisgender (non-transgender) or that transgender identification is rare.[10] The notion of transgender erasure has been backed up by later studies.[11]

Aspec and agender erasure

Sometimes aromantic and asexual people (grouped together under the umbrella term aspec), along with agender people, are erased from the expanded acronym LGBTQIA, with some people mistakenly claiming that the A stands for Ally, when in actuality it stands for aromantic, asexual and agender.[12][13][14][15]

Aromantic erasure

Aromantic people are often erased due to the societal expectation that everyone prospers with an exclusive romantic relationship, something that Elizabeth Brake has coined as the term amatonormativity. Aromantic people face continued pressure and prejudice to conform to the "social norms" and form a permanent romantic relationship such as marriage.[16][17]

Asexual erasure

Intersex erasure

Intersex and transgender individuals are often erased in public health research which conflates sex and gender (see sex–gender distinction).[18] The narrow and inflexible definitions of sex and gender in some countries means some intersex and non-binary people are unable to obtain accurate legal documents or identification, preventing their access to public spaces, jobs, housing, education and basic services.[19] It is only recently that the concept of legal rights for intersex people has been considered,[20] even in LGBTI activist circles. However, there is a growing intersex activist community which campaigns for intersex human rights, and against intersex medical interventions which they see as unnecessary and mistreatment.[21]

See also

  • Biphobia
    • Bisexual erasure
    • Lesbian erasure
  • Closeted
  • Compulsory heterosexuality
  • Heteronormativity
  • Heterosexism
  • Homophobia
    • Discrimination against gay men
    • Lesbophobia
  • "LGBT erasure bill"
  • Transphobia
    • Discrimination against non-binary people
    • International Transgender Day of Visibility

References

  1. ↑ "Queer Erasure And Heteronormativity" (in en-us). The Odyssey Online. 28 November 2016. https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queer-erasure-heteronormativity. 
  2. ↑ Scot, Jamie (2014). "A revisionist history: How archives are used to reverse the erasure of queer people in contemporary history". QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking 1 (2): 205–209. doi:10.14321/qed.1.2.0205. 
  3. ↑ Mayernick, Jason; Hutt, Ethan (June 2017). "US Public Schools and the Politics of Queer Erasure" (in en). Educational Theory 67 (3): 343–349. doi:10.1111/edth.12249. ISSN 0013-2004. 
  4. ↑ Rosenthal, Gregory Samantha (1 February 2017). "Make Roanoke Queer Again" (in en). The Public Historian 39 (1): 35–60. doi:10.1525/tph.2017.39.1.35. ISSN 0272-3433. https://online.ucpress.edu/tph/article/39/1/35/90937/Make-Roanoke-Queer-AgainCommunity-History-and. 
  5. ↑ Rosenthal, Gregory Samantha (February 2017). "Make Roanoke Queer Again". The Public Historian 39 (1): 35–60. doi:10.1525/tph.2017.39.1.35. 
  6. ↑ Keegan, Cáel (2016). "History, Disrupted: The Aesthetic Gentrification of Queer and Trans Cinema". Social Alternatives. 35: 50–56 – via ProQuest.
  7. ↑ Petrow, Steven (20 June 2016). "The LGBT community feels the effects of 'straightwashing.' They're angry about it.". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-lgbtq-community-feels-the-effects-of-straightwashing-and-theyre-angry-about-it/2016/06/20/2a026d12-3721-11e6-a254-2b336e293a3c_story.html?noredirect=on. 
  8. ↑ Mueller, Hannah (April 2018). "Queer TV in the 21st Century: Essays on Broadcasting from Taboo to Acceptance. Ed. Kylo-Patrick R.Hart. McFarland, 2016. 232 pp. $35.00 paperback". The Journal of Popular Culture 51 (2): 550–553. doi:10.1111/jpcu.12662. ISSN 0022-3840. 
  9. ↑ Smith, Lydia (20 April 2018). "What is straightwashing? When Hollywood erases gay characters from films". https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/20/what-is-straightwashing-gay-characters-hollywood-films/. 
  10. ↑ Serano, Julia (8 March 2016). Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity. Basic Books. ISBN 978-1-58005-623-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=s7RKDgAAQBAJ. 
  11. ↑ Norman, Kate (1 June 2017) (in en). Socialising Transgender: Support for Transition. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78046-571-5. https://www.google.combooks/edition/Socialising_Transgender/-VtwDwAAQBAJ. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  12. ↑ Mercado, Mia (June 8, 2017). "Equinox Gym's Pride Video 'The LGBTQ Alphabet' Leaves Out An Important Letter". https://www.bustle.com/p/equinox-gyms-pride-video-the-lgbtqalphabet-leaves-out-important-letter-63252. 
  13. ↑ "GLAAD - A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic". 11 February 2015. https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic. 
  14. ↑ Dastagir, Alia E. (June 15, 2017). "LGBTQ definitions every good ally should know". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/06/15/lgbtq-glossary-slang-ally-learn-language/101200092/. 
  15. ↑ "Why the A doesn't stand for Ally". 19 May 2020. https://medium.com/matthews-place/why-the-a-doesnt-stand-for-ally-b31395c06150. 
  16. ↑ "Aphobia, understanding the discrimination and effects". 29 January 2023. https://www.asexuals.net/aphobia/. 
  17. ↑ Brown, Sherronda J. (2017-12-26). "Romance is Not Universal, Nor is it Necessary". Wear Your Voice. https://wearyourvoicemag.com/more/culture/romance-not-universal-necessary. 
  18. ↑ Morrison, Tessalyn; Dinno, Alexis; Salmon, Taurica (19 August 2021). "The Erasure of Intersex, Transgender, Nonbinary, and Agender Experiences by Misusing Sex and Gender in Health Research". American Journal of Epidemiology 190 (12): 2712–2717. doi:10.1093/aje/kwab221. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 34409983. 
  19. ↑ Levin, Sam (25 October 2018). "'Erasure of an entire group': intersex people fear Trump anti-trans memo". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/24/intersex-trump-transgender-policy. 
  20. ↑ Bird, Jo (2005–2006). "Outside the Law: Intersex, Medicine and the Discourse Rights". Cardozo Journal of Law & Gender 12: 65. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cardw12&div=10&id=&page=. 
  21. ↑ Khanna, Niki (2021). "Invisibility and Trauma in the Intersex Community". Violence Against LGBTQ+ Persons: Research, Practice, and Advocacy. Springer International Publishing. pp. 185–194. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52612-2_14. ISBN 978-3-030-52611-5. 

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