Bucharest Nine

Bucharest Nine Bucharest Format
Members of the Bucharest Nine
Membership	Bulgaria  Czech Republic  Estonia  Hungary  Latvia  Lithuania  Poland  Romania  Slovakia
Establishment	4 November 2015

The Bucharest Nine or the Bucharest Format (B9 or B-9; Romanian: Formatul București, Polish: Bukaresztańska Dziewiątka) is an organization founded on 4 November 2015 in Bucharest, Romania, at the initiative of the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and the President of Poland Andrzej Duda during a bilateral meeting between them.^[1] Its members are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland , Romania and Slovakia. Its appearance was mainly a result of a perceived aggressive attitude from Russia following the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and its posterior intervention in eastern Ukraine both in 2014. All members of the B9 were either part of the former Soviet Union (USSR) or members of the defunct Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.^[2][3]

History

Since its foundation on 4 November 2015, the Bucharest Nine countries have held several meetings at various levels. A tabular list follows the historical development.^[2]

In June 2018, prior to the B9 meeting that year, President of Poland Andrzej Duda spoke out in favour of Ukrainian and Georgian NATO membership ambitions.^[4]

On 10 May 2021, during a B9 video conference summit which the President of the United States Joe Biden joined, President of Romania Klaus Iohannis (one of the two hosts of the summit, the other being Duda) called for "stronger allied military presence [...] on the bloc's eastern flank" following the mobilization of Russian troops near the Russian border with Ukraine which had happened some time before.^[5]

On 25 February 2022, the B9 group with the addition of Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, gathered in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[6]

The 10 June 2022 B9 summit was attended virtually by the Secretary General of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg,^[7] as well as the presidents of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.^[8] On it, Duda declared "We want the enhanced forward presence that we have today on NATO's eastern flank to be extended. We want the existing battalion groups to be transformed into brigade groups." Duda added that a brigade group has 3,000 troops, which would mean a "significant and visible strengthening",^[9] while Iohannis said that "NATO must be capable to defend every inch of its territory".^[10] Iohannis added that the B9 summit agreed in favour of admitting Finland and Sweden into NATO^[10] and told participants of the meeting that "security risks to Romania and the Black Sea region are increasing", and in the press release it was written that the meeting was in order to prepare for the most important decisions of NATO's 2022 Madrid summit.^[8] Furthermore, the President of Estonia Alar Karis stated during the meeting that all nine members agree that Russia is a threat to NATO.^[11]

On 11 October 2022, the B9 presidents, along with the presidents of North Macedonia and Montenegro, condemned and demanded the end of that month's series of Russian missile strikes on Ukrainian civilian targets and described them as war crimes to be punished under international law.^[12]

On a 22 February 2023 summit, the heads of state of the Bucharest Nine countries, as well as Biden and Stoltenberg, signed a declaration which issued a condemnation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and called for an enhanced military presence of NATO on the eastern flank of the alliance.^[13]

Summits

Summits of heads of state

Bucharest Nine summit of heads of state in Warsaw, Poland , on 22 February 2023

B9 summits of heads of state

Year	Date	Country	City	Host leader	Ref.
2015	4 November	Romania	Bucharest	Klaus Iohannis	[1]
2018	8 June	Poland	Warsaw	Andrzej Duda	[14]
2019	28 February	Slovakia	Košice	Andrej Kiska	[15]
2021	10 May	Romania	Bucharest	Klaus Iohannis and Andrzej Duda	[16]
2022	25 February	Poland	Warsaw	Andrzej Duda	[17]
2022	10 June	Romania	Bucharest	Klaus Iohannis and Andrzej Duda	[18]
2023	6 June	Slovakia	Bratislava	Zuzana Čaputová, Andrzej Duda and Klaus Iohannis	[19]

Summits of ministers of foreign affairs

Bucharest Nine ministerial meeting in Tallinn, Estonia, on 27 October 2021

B9 meetings of foreign affairs ministers

Year	Date	Country	City	Ref.
2016	8 November	Romania	Bucharest	[20]
2017	9 October	Poland	Warsaw	[21]
2020	10 March	Lithuania	Vilnius	[22]
2021	27 October	Estonia	Tallinn	[23]
2022	31 March	Slovakia	Bratislava	[24]
2023	31 March	Poland	Łódź	[25]

Summits of ministers of defence

B9 meetings of defence ministers

Year	Date	Country	City	Ref.
2018	12–14 March	Romania	Bucharest	[26]
2019	4 April	Poland	Warsaw	[27]
2021	25 November	Romania	Bucharest	[28]
2022	6 June	Videoconference	N/A	[29]
2023	26 April	Poland	Warsaw	[30]

See also

• European Union
• Group of Nine
• NATO
• Three Seas Initiative
• Visegrád Group

References

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