Short description: Cisco VPN tunneling protocol
L2F, or Layer 2 Forwarding, is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems, Inc. to establish virtual private network connections over the Internet. L2F does not provide encryption or confidentiality by itself; It relies on the protocol being tunneled to provide privacy. L2F was specifically designed to tunnel Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) traffic.[1]
Use
Virtual dial-up allows many separate and autonomous protocol domains to share common access infrastructure including modems, Access Servers, and ISDN routers. RFCs prior to 2341 have specified protocols for supporting IP dial-up via SLIP and multiprotocol dial-up via PPP.
L2F packet structure
| Bits 0-12
|
13-15
|
16-23
|
24-31
|
| F
|
K
|
P
|
S
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
C
|
Ver
|
Protocol
|
Sequence (opt)
|
| Multiplex ID
|
Client ID
|
| Length
|
Payload offset (opt)
|
| Packet key (optional)
|
Payload
|
|
|
L2F Checksum (opt)
|
Other VPN protocols
- IPsec
- L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
- PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
References
External links
- L2F on Cisco.com
- VPDN on Cisco.com
- L2TP on Cisco.com
- RFC2341 on IETF.org
- RFC2341 on RFC Archive
Virtual private networking |
|---|
| Communications protocol |
- SSTP
- IPsec
- L2TP
- L2TPv3
- PPTP
- Split tunneling
- SSL/TLS
- (Opportunistic: tcpcrypt)
|
|---|
| Free software |
- Cloudvpn
- FreeLAN
- FreeS/WAN
- Libreswan
- n2n
- OpenConnect
- OpenIKED
- Openswan
- OpenVPN
- Social VPN
- SoftEther VPN
- strongSwan
- tcpcrypt
- tinc
- VTun
- WireGuard
- Shadowsocks
|
|---|
| Vendor-driven protocols |
- Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol
- DirectAccess
|
|---|
| Proprietary software |
- Avast SecureLine VPN
- Check Point VPN-1
- Cisco Systems VPN Client
- LogMeIn Hamachi
- Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway
- Hola
- Tunnelbear
- NordVPN
- SaferVPN
- ExpressVPN
- ProtonVPN
- PureVPN
- VPN.ht
- Private Internet Access
|
|---|
| Risk vectors |
- Content-control software
- Deep content inspection
- Deep packet inspection
- IP address blocking
- Network enumeration
- Stateful firewall
- TCP reset attack
- VPN blocking
|
|---|
 | Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol. Read more |