List Of Pslv Launches

From Handwiki
Short description: Launches made by ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle family of rockets

This is a list of launches made by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rockets.

Notable missions

PSLV flight D1

Main page: Engineering:PSLV-D1

This was the first developmental flight of the PSLV-D1.[1] The IRS-1E satellite which was proposed to be launched was derived from the engineering model of IRS-1A incorporating a similar camera and an additional German-built monocular electro-optical stereo scanner. Even though the mission was a failure, the launch team and an expert committee appointed thereafter noted that the mission had validated many technologies and that most sub-systems had performed optimally.[2][3]

PSLV flight C2

In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by KITSAT-3 and DLR-Tubsat in that order.[4] The mission was supported by ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network of ground stations located at Bangalore, Sriharikota, Lucknow, Mauritius, Bearslake, Russia and Biak, Indonesia. During the initial phase of the mission the ground station at Wilhem in Germany also provided network support. Upon injection of the satellites, data from the IRS-P4 was received at Hyderabad while KITSAT-3 data was received at the ground station in South Korea and the data from the DLR-Tubsat was received at the university ground station in Berlin.[5][6]

PSLV flight C6

The former President, Dr. Abdul Kalam, witnessed the launch from the Mission Control Centre.[7] It was the first PSLV launch from second pad, using integrate-transfer-and-launch technology. After its integration in the Vehicle Assembly Building, the PSLV-C6 was transported on rails to the Umbilical Tower (UT) located one km away using the Mobile Launch Pedestal where the final operations were carried out.[7]

PSLV flight C7

The following hardware changes[8][9] were made since PSLV-C6:

  • first use of DLA (Dual Launch Adapter) to launch 2 primary satellites in time
  • reduction of propellant from 2.5 tonne to 2 tonne in the fourth liquid propellant stage
  • incorporation of a video imaging system to capture payload and DLA separation events
  • altitude based day of launch wind-biased steering programme during Open Loop Guidance
  • removal of Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC) system for one of the strapons ignited in the air.

PSLV flight C9

The fourth stage first fired Cartosat-2A into orbit at an altitude of 637 km about 885 seconds after lift-off. About 45 seconds later, it propelled IMS-1 into the orbit. Then the six nano satellites belonging to a cluster called Nanosatellite Launch System-4 (NLS-4) were injected into orbit at intervals of 20 seconds each. NLS-5, a single satellite, flew out and finally the tenth satellite Rubin-8 went along with the fourth stage into orbit. Two satellites belonged to India and the remaining were nanosatellites built by universities in different countries.[10] This was the maximum number of satellites placed in orbit, in a single PSLV launch.[11][12][13]

PSLV flight C21

Launch attended by the former prime minister, Manmohan Singh.[14] mRESINS (mini Redundant Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) bolted to the vehicle's fourth stage, have tested avionics for future PSLV missions.[15] With this launch Indian Space Research Organisation marked its 100 space missions, with 62 satellites, 37 launch vehicles and 1 Space Capsule Recovery Experiment.[citation needed]

PSLV flight C22

Earlier launch date for PSLV C22 was fixed as 12 June 2013 but the launch had been postponed because of a technical snag in the 2nd stage.[16]

ISRO then replaced a faulty component in the PSLV C22 rocket and rescheduled the flight of the IRNSS-1A satellite on 1 July 2013.[17] PSLV C22, successfully launched IRNSS-1A, the first satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). At the completion of the countdown, PSLV C22 lifted off from the First Launch Pad at 23:41 (IST) on 1 July 2013 with the ignition of the first stage and four strap-on motors of the launch vehicle.[18]

PSLV flight C25

Main page: Astronomy:Mars Orbiter Mission

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is a Mars orbiter that was successfully injected into Earth orbit on 5 November 2013 at 14:38 IST (09:08 UTC) atop a PSLV-XL launch vehicle from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SHAR).[citation needed]

PSLV flight C29

PSLV C29 lifted off from the First Launch Pad (FLP) of SDSC SHAR at 18:00 [IST] on 16 December 2015. It successfully deployed six satellites it carried with gross weight of 624 kg. After fourth stage engines were cut off primary payload TeLEOS-1 was injected in orbit at about 18 minutes 12 seconds after lift-off. This was followed by the deployment of other five satellites, namely Kent Ridge-1, VELOX-C1, VELOX-II, Galassia and Athenoxat-1 in quick succession in the subsequent three minutes.[19] 67 minutes into flight fourth stage re-ignition capability was demonstrated successfully by firing its engines for duration of nearly five seconds. This capability would enable multiple satellite deployment in varying orbits on same flight.[20]

PSLV flight C34

PSLV-C34 was launched on 22 June 2016 and successfully deployed 20 satellites in sun-synchronous orbit. A Dual Launch Adapter with new design[21] compared to its previous version[22] was used to integrate all ride-sharing payloads with PS4. After completion of mission a pair of PS4 re-ignition tests were performed to reaffirm multi-orbit deployment capability of PS4.[23] A new inertial navigation system 'Mk IV A' employing next generation accelerometer was introduced on this mission.[24][25]

PSLV flight C36

Remote umbilical fill and drain system was used on fourth stage for the first time reducing the countdown time by one day. Experimental avionics packages were flown bolted to fourth stage including "miniaturized advanced inertial navigation system" miniAINS,[26] NavIC based positioning system,[27] Vikram processor and new lithium-ion based power system. A video imaging system was also on-board, consisting of five cameras which captured and live streamed various staging events.[28][29]

PSLV flight C37

PSLV C37 was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SHAR) carrying a payload of 104 satellites from 6 countries around the world (Israel, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Switzerland , United Arab Emirates and the United States). Of the 104 satellites, 96 were CubeSats made by Planet Labs and Spire Global, two San Francisco companies adding to their commercial satellite constellations.[30]

The launch set the record for the largest number of spacecraft ever launched on a single rocket. The previous record was held by Russia, which in 2014 catapulted 37 satellites in a single launch, using a modified Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).[31][32] It was again broken by SpaceX on their Transporter-1 mission which carried 143 satellites on a single launch.

PSLV flight C48

This was the 50th flight of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.[33] It was also the 75th launch from Sriharikota. The flight placed into orbit the RISAT-2BR1 and nine customer satellites for New Space India Ltd. It was the second flight of the PSLV in the QL configuration.[34]

PSLV flight C51

This was the 53rd flight of PSLV and the 50th successful flight of PSLV. This is the first dedicated commercial launch executed by NSIL.[35] The mission successfully placed Amazônia-1 from Brazil , INPE and 18 other payload into its orbit.[36]

Launch failures Of PSLV

IRS-1E

On 20 September 1993, a PSLV D1, the first developmental flight rocket, failed during launch of IRS-1E. A significant attitude disturbance occurred during second to third-stage separation, causing the attitude control command to exceed its maximum value. Because of the programming error in the pitch control loop of the digital autopilot software in the guidance and control processor, the required reversal of command polarity did not take place, causing the pitch loop to become unstable, resulted in loss of attitude control and failure to achieve orbit. The attitude control disturbance was traced to failure of one of the retro rockets designed to pull the burnt second stage away from the third stage. The vehicle crashed into the Bay of Bengal 700 seconds after take off.[3]

IRS-1D

On 29 September 1997, a PSLV C1 rocket failed during launch of IRS-1D. Anomalous interaction between the primary and secondary pressure regulators of the fourth stage caused a reduction in propellant flow and thrust after 250 seconds of burn time. As a result, the fourth stage was shut down by a software override timer after burning 435 seconds, before reaching the target orbit or depleting propellant. The injection velocity was 140 m/s low, resulting in an orbit of 301 x 823 km instead of the planned 817 km circular SSO.[37] Initially, a leak of helium gas from one of the components in the fourth stage was suspected,[38][39] similar to recent Long March 3 launch failure, but later ruled out. Resulting orbit was partially corrected using satellite's on-board thrusters, thereby raising the perigee to 737 km, while the apogee remained at 821 km.[3]

IRNSS-1H

PSLV-C39 carrying IRNSS-1H was launched on 31 August 2017 at 13:30 UTC from Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR). After about 203 seconds of flight payload fairing failed to be jettisoned as planned. Despite completing rest of the flight with all other systems working as expected, with about 1000 kg of extra weight[40] orbit achieved was 167.4 x 6554.8 km at 19.18° inclination well below the intended 284 x 20650 km at 19.2° inclination.[41] After fourth stage engine cut off IRNSS-1H separation occurred, leaving it adrift inside the closed payload fairing. This was second event of total failure in PSLV launch history since 1993.[42][43]

Launch statistics

Rocket configurations

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Launch sites

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Launch outcomes

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Launch history

(As of May 2023) the PSLV has made 57 launches, with 54 successfully reaching their planned orbits, two outright failures and one partial failure, yielding a success rate of 94% (or 95% including the partial failure).[44] All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).

1993–1999

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
D1 20 September 1993
05:12 		PSLV-G First India IRS-1E 846 kg Failure
Maiden flight; Attitude control failure at second stage separation.[1]
D2 15 October 1994
05:05 		PSLV-G First India IRS-P2 804 kg Success
[45]
D3 21 March 1996
04:53 		PSLV-G First India IRS-P3 920 kg Success
[46]
C1 29 September 1997
04:47 		PSLV-G First India IRS-1D 1250 kg Partial failure
First operational flight; Fourth stage under-performed resulting in lower than planned orbit. Satellite used own propulsion to move to correct orbit.[47]
C2 26 May 1999
06:22 		PSLV-G First India Oceansat-1
Germany DLR-Tubsat
South Korea Kitsat-3 		1050 kg
45 kg
107 kg 		Success
First launch to have foreign satellites, and first to carry multiple satellites.[4][5]

2001–2005

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C3 22 October 2001
04:53 		PSLV-G First India TES
Europe PROBA
Germany BIRD 		1108 kg
94 kg
92 kg 		Success
First multi-orbit mission. TES and BIRD were injected into a nominal 568 km circular sun-synchronous polar orbit, PROBA was injected into a 568 X 638 km elliptic orbit. Orbit was raised using RCS thrusters on fourth stage.[48][49]
C4 12 September 2002
10:23 		PSLV-G First India MetSat-1 (Kalpana-1) 1060 kg Success
India's first launch to GTO. GTO payload capability has reached 1200 kg from 2002 onward, compared to 1050 kg previously. First use of lightweight carbon composite payload adapter.[50][51][52]
C5 17 October 2003
04:52 		PSLV-G First India RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) 1360 kg Success
Payload capability had been progressively increased by more than 600 kg since the first PSLV launch. Launch took place despite heavy rain.[53][54]
C6 5 May 2005
04:45 		PSLV-G Second India Cartosat-1
India HAMSAT 		1560 kg
42.5 kg 		Success
First PSLV launch from the second launch pad.[55]

2007

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C7 10 January 2007
03:54 		PSLV-G First India Cartosat-2
India SRE-1
Indonesia LAPAN-TUBsat
Argentina PEHUENSAT-1 		680 kg
500 kg
56 kg
6 kg 		Success
First flight of hardware upgrade, first launch of reentry capsule (SRE).[56]
C8 23 April 2007
10:00 		PSLV-CA Second Italy AGILE
India AAM (attached to PS4) 		352 kg
185 kg 		Success
First flight of the 'Core-Alone' configuration. ISRO's first commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload).[57][58]

2008

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C10 21 January 2008
03:45 		PSLV-CA First Israel TecSAR 295 kg Success
ISRO's second commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload).[59][60]
C9 28 April 2008
03:53 		PSLV-CA Second India Cartosat-2A
India IMS-1/TWSAT
Germany RUBIN-8
Canada CanX-6/NTS
Canada CanX-2
Japan CUTE-1.7 + APD II
Netherlands Delfi-C3
Japan SEEDS-2
Germany COMPASS-1
Denmark AAUSAT-II 		690 kg
83 kg
8 kg
6.5 kg
3.5 kg
3 kg
2.2 kg
1 kg
1 kg
0.75 kg 		Success
[61][62]
C11 22 October 2008
00:52 		PSLV-XL Second India Chandrayaan-1 1380 kg Success
First flight of the PSLV-XL configuration, first Indian Lunar probe.[63][64]

2009

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C12 20 April 2009
01:15 		PSLV-CA Second India RISAT-2
India ANUSAT 		300 kg
40 kg 		Success
India's first radar imaging satellite, RISAT.[65][66]
C14 23 September 2009
06:21 		PSLV-CA First India Oceansat-2
GermanyLuxembourg Rubin 9.1 (attached to PS4)
GermanyLuxembourg Rubin 9.2 (attached to PS4)
Switzerland SwissCube-1
Germany BeeSat
Germany UWE-2
Turkey ITUpSAT1 		960 kg
8 kg
8 kg
1 kg
1 kg
1 kg
1 kg 		Success
Rubin 9.1 and 9.2 intentionally remained attached to the fourth stage. SwissCube-1 was the first Switzerland satellite, and ITUpSAT1 was the first satellite to be constructed in Turkey.[67][68][69][70][71][72]

2010

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C15 12 July 2010
03:52 		PSLV-CA First India Cartosat-2B
Algeria ALSAT-2A
Norway AISSat-1
Template:Country data Swiss TIsat-1
India STUDSAT 		694 kg
117 kg
6.5 kg
1 kg
0.95 kg 		Success

2011

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C16 20 April 2011
04:42 		PSLV-G First India ResourceSat-2
Singapore X-Sat
IndiaRussia YouthSat 		1206 kg
106 kg
92 kg 		Success
[73]
C17 15 July 2011
11:18 		PSLV-XL Second India GSAT-12 1410 kg Success
First use of Vikram flight computer.[74][75]
C18 12 October 2011
05:31 		PSLV-CA First IndiaFrance Megha-Tropiques
India SRMSAT
India Jugnu
Luxembourg VesselSat-1 		1000 kg
10.9 kg
3 kg
28.7 kg 		Success
[76][77]

2012

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C19 26 April 2012
00:17 		PSLV-XL First IndiaRISAT-1 1858 kg Success
[78][79]
C21 9 September 2012
04:23 		PSLV-CA First France SPOT-6
India mRESINS (attached to PS4)
Japan PROITERES 		720 kg
50 kg
15 kg 		Success
mRESINS tested avionics for future PSLV launches. ISRO's third commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload). ISRO's 100th mission.[80][81]

2013

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C20 25 February 2013
12:31 		PSLV-CA First IndiaFrance SARAL
Canada Sapphire
Canada NEOSSat
Austria TUGSAT-1
Austria UniBRITE-1
United Kingdom STRaND-1
Denmark AAUSAT3 		409 kg
148 kg
74 kg
14 kg
14 kg
6.5 kg
0.8 kg 		Success
TUGSAT-1 and UniBRITE were the first Austrian satellites.[82][83][84]
C22 1 July 2013
18:11 		PSLV-XL First India IRNSS-1A 1425 kg Success
India's first regional navigation satellite.[18]
C25 5 November 2013
09:08 		PSLV-XL First India Mars Orbiter Mission 1350 kg Success
India's first Mars mission.[85][86]

2014

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C24 4 April 2014
11:44 		PSLV-XL First India IRNSS-1B 1432 kg Success
India's second regional navigation satellite.[87][88]
C23 30 June 2014
04:22 		PSLV-CA First France SPOT-7
Canada CanX-4
Canada CanX-5
Germany AISAT
Singapore VELOX-1 		714 kg
15 kg
15 kg
14 kg
7 kg 		Success
ISRO's fourth commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload).[89]
C26 16 October 2014
20:02 		PSLV-XL First India IRNSS-1C 1425.4 kg Success
Seventh PSLV-XL and third Navigation Satellite launch.[90][91]

2015

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C27 28 March 2015
11:49 		PSLV-XL Second India IRNSS-1D 1425 kg Success
Eighth PSLV-XL and fourth Navigation Satellite launch.[92]
C28 10 July 2015
16:28 		PSLV-XL First United Kingdom UK-DMC3A
United Kingdom UK-DMC3B
United Kingdom UK-DMC3C
United Kingdom CBNT-1
United Kingdom DeOrbitSail 		447 kg
447 kg
447 kg
91 kg
7 kg 		Success
At the time it was the heaviest commercial mission (1439 kg) successfully accomplished using a launch vehicle assembled by ISRO.[93][94][95]
C30 28 September 2015
04:30 		PSLV-XL First India Astrosat
Indonesia LAPAN-A2
Canada exactView 9
United States Lemur-2 #1 Joel
United States Lemur-2 #2 Peter
United States Lemur-2 #3 Jeroen
United States Lemur-2 #4 Chris 		1650 kg
68 kg
5.5 kg
4 kg
4 kg
4 kg
4 kg 		Success
Launch of India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory and ISRO's first launch of US satellites.[96]
C29 16 December 2015
12:30 		PSLV-CA First Singapore TeLEOS-1
Singapore VELOX-C1
Singapore VELOX-II
Singapore Kent Ridge-1
Singapore Galassia
Singapore Athenoxat-1[97][98] 		400 kg
123 kg
13 kg
78 kg
3.4 kg
4.8 kg 		Success
Commercial launch of 6 Singaporean satellites. Fourth stage re-ignition demonstrated successfully after payload deployment.[99][100][20]

2016

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C31 20 January 2016
04:01 		PSLV-XL Second India IRNSS-1E 1425 kg Success
IRNSS-1E, fifth navigation satellite of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment launched. It carries two types of payloads – navigation payload and ranging payload. This is the eleventh time "XL" configuration is being flown.[101][102][103]
C32 10 March 2016
10:31 		PSLV-XL Second India IRNSS-1F 1425 kg Success
IRNSS-1F, sixth navigation satellite of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment launched. It carries two types of payloads – navigation payload and ranging payload. This is the twelfth time "XL" configuration is being flown. IRNSS-1F carries Corner Cube Retroreflectors for laser ranging.[104] Launch initially scheduled for 10:30 was delayed by one minute to avoid space debris.[105]
C33 28 April 2016
07:20 		PSLV-XL First India IRNSS-1G 1425 kg Success
IRNSS-1G, last navigation satellite of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment launched. India's own navigational system, the set-up for which was completed will be called NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation)[106][107][108][109][110]
C34 22 June 2016
03:55 		PSLV-XL Second India Cartosat-2C
Indonesia LAPAN-A3
Germany BIROS
United States SkySat Gen2-1
Canada GHGSat-D
Canada M3MSat
India Swayam
India SathyabamaSat
United States 12 × Flock-2P Dove (satellite) 		727.5 kg
120 kg
130 kg
110 kg
25.5 kg
85 kg
1 kg
1.5 kg
12 × 4.7 kg 		Success
ISRO's Cartosat-2C and 19 other satellites launched.[111][112][113][114][115][116]
C35 26 September 2016
03:42 		PSLV-G First India ScatSat-1
Algeria ALSAT-2B
Algeria ALSAT-1B
United States Pathfinder-1
India Pratham
Canada CanX-7 (NLS-19)[117]
Algeria ALSAT-1N
India PISat 		371 kg
117 kg
103 kg
44 kg
10 kg
8 kg
7 kg
5.25 kg 		Success
ISRO's longest PSLV satellite launch mission. First mission of PSLV in which it launched its payloads into two different orbits.[118][119][120][121][122][123]
C36 7 December 2016
04:55 		PSLV-XL First India Resourcesat-2A 1235 kg Success
[124][125][126][127][128][129]

2017

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C37 15 February 2017
03:58 		PSLV-XL First India Cartosat-2D
India INS-1A
India INS-1B
United Arab Emirates Nayif-1 CubeSats
Kazakhstan Al Farabi-1
Netherlands PEASSS
Israel BGUSAT
Switzerland DIDO-2
United States Doves Flock-3P
United States Lemur-2 		730 kg
8.4 kg
9.7 kg
1.1 kg
1.7 kg
3 kg
4.3 kg
4.2 kg
4.7 kg x 88
4.6 kg x 8 		Success
PSLV-C37 successfully carried and deployed a record 104 satellites in the sun-synchronous orbit.[130][131][132][133][134][135]
C38 23 June 2017
03:59 [136][137] 		PSLV-XL First India Cartosat-2E[138]
India NIUSAT[139]
Japan CESAT-1[140]
United States Lemur-2 × 8
United Kingdom, Australia, Israel Blue, Red, Green Diamonds
Italy, Germany Max Valier Sat[141]
Latvia Venta-1
Italy D-Sat[142]
Finland Aalto-1
Germany COMPASS-2/Dragsail QB50
United Kingdom InflateSail QB50
Italy URSA MAIOR QB50
Lithuania LituanicaSAT-2 QB50
Austria PEGASUS QB50
China NUDTSat QB50
Czech Republic VZLUSAT1 QB50
United Kingdom UCLSat QB50
Chile SUCHAI
France ROBUSTA-1B
Slovakia skCUBE
United States CICERO-6
United States Tyvak-53b (PacSciSat[143])
United States KickSat Sprites × 6 (All flown with Venta-1 and Max Valier Sat) 		727 kg
15 kg
60 kg
4 kg x 8
18 kg
15 kg
7.5 kg
4.5 kg
4 kg
4 kg
4 kg
3 kg
4 kg
2 kg
2 kg
2 kg
2 kg
1 kg
1 kg
1 kg
? kg
? kg
 
  		Success
Post mission PSLV fourth stage (PS4) was lowered to 350 km altitude and carried Ionization Density and Electric field Analyzer (IDEA) payload by Space Physics Laboratory to measure electron density and electric field measurements in the F region of the ionosphere[144][145][146][147][148][149]
C39 31 August 2017
13:30[150][151][152] 		PSLV-XL Second India IRNSS-1H 1425 kg Failure
Payload fairing (heat shield) failed to separate, causing the satellite to remain inside the fairing with the payload dispenser detaching the satellite internally. Second PSLV failure in 24 years, the first one being PSLV-D1.[153][154][155][156]

2018

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C40 12 January 2018
03:59 		PSLV-XL First India Cartosat-2F[157]
India MICROSAT-TD
India INS-1C[158]
Canada LEO-1[159]
United Kingdom Carbonite-2 aka (VividX2)
Finland ICEYE X1
United States Landmapper-BC3
United States Arkyd 6A
United States CICERO-7
United States 4 x Doves Flock-3p'[160]
United States 4 x Lemur-2[161]
France PicSat
South Korea SIGMA (KHUSAT-03)[162]
South Korea CANYVAL-X (Tom and Jerry)
South Korea CNUSail 1
South Korea KAUSAT 5
South Korea STEP Cube Lab
United States MicroMAS-2
United States Fox-1D
United States 4 x SpaceBEE[163]
United States Tyvak-61C (GeoStare)[164]
United States DemoSat-2
 710 kg
~120 kg
11 kg
168 kg
100 kg
?? kg
10 kg
10 kg
10 kg
4 x ?? kg
4 x ?? kg
3.5 kg
3.8 kg
4 kg
4 kg
3.2 kg
1 kg
3.8 kg
1.5 kg
1.27 kg
4 kg
? kg 		Success
[165][166][167][168][169][170][171]
C41 11 April 2018
22:34 		PSLV-XL First India IRNSS-1I ~1425 kg sub GTO Success
[172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179]
C42 16 September 2018
16:38 		PSLV-CA First United Kingdom NovaSAR-S (445 kg)
United Kingdom SSTL S1-4 (444 kg) 		889 kg Low Earth SSTL Success
[180][181][182][183][184][185]
C43 29 November 2018
04:28 		PSLV-CA First India HySIS[186]
United States Doves × 16 (Flock 3r)
United States Global-1
United States Lemur-2 × 4
United States HSAT-1
United States CICERO-8
Netherlands Hiber-1
Colombia FACSAT-1
Malaysia Innosat-2
Australia Centauri-1
Canada CASE
Finland Reaktor Hello World
Catalonia ³Cat-1 		380 kg
16 x ?? kg
55 kg
4 x ?? kg
13 kg
10 kg
?? kg
?? kg
4 kg
??
??
??
1.2 kg
Total=641.5 kg 		Low Earth Success
[187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196]

2019

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C44 25 January 2019
18:07 		PSLV-DL First India Microsat-R
India Kalamsat V2 (attached to PS4) 		740 kg
1.2 kg 		Low Earth DRDO
Space Kidz 		Success
First flight of PSLV-DL variant. Propellant tank on fourth stage (PS4) made out of Aluminum alloy instead of Ti-6Al-4V.[197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204]
C45 1 April 2019
03:57 		PSLV-QL Second India EMISAT
United States Doves × 20 (Flock 4a)
United States Lemur-2 × 4
Lithuania M6P
Lithuania BlueWalker1
Spain Aistechsat-3
Switzerland Astrocast-2
India ExseedSat-2 (attached to PS4)
India ARIS 101F (attached to PS4)[205]
India ISRO AIS payload (attached to PS4) 		436 kg
5.7 kg each
5.2 kg each
6.8 kg
10 kg
2.3 kg
3.8 kg
? kg
10 kg
? kg 		Low Earth DRDO Success
Flight C45. EMISAT (436 kg) and rideshares (220 kg)[206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214]
C46 22 May 2019
00:00 		PSLV-CA First India RISAT-2B 615 kg Low Earth Success
Flight C46. RISAT-2B [215][216][217][218][219][220][221]
C47 27 November 2019
03:58 		PSLV-XL Second India Cartosat-3
United States Meshbed[222]
United States SuperDoves × 12 (Flock 4p) 		1,625 kg
4.5 kg
? kg 		Low Earth Success
Semi-Conductor Laboratory fabricated Vikram 1601 processor used for first time in navigation computer of launch vehicle[223] after being test flown in redundant configuration[224] on PSLV C46 mission.[225][226][227]
C48 11 December 2019
09:55 		PSLV-QL First India RISAT-2BR1
Japan QPS SAR-1 "Izanagi"「イザナギ」[228]
United States Lemur-2 × 4 [229]
Template:Country data israel Duchifat-3 [230]
United States 1HOPSAT[231]
United States Tyvak-0129 [231][232]
Italy Tyvak-0092 (COMMTRAIL/NANOVA)[233][231][234] 		628 kg
~100 kg
? kg
2.3 kg
22 kg
11 kg
5 kg 		Low Earth Success
Flight C48 - 50th Flight of PSLV.[215][217][235][236][237]

2020

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C49 7 November 2020
09:42 		PSLV-DL First India EOS-01 (formerly RISAT-2BR2)
United States Lemur-2 × 4
Luxembourg KSM-1A, 1B, 1C, 1D
Lithuania R2 		630 kg [238]
?
?
?
 Low Earth Success
Second flight of PSLV-DL variant.[215][216][217][239][240][241][242][243][244]
C50 17 December 2020
10:11 		PSLV-XL Second India GSAT-12R (CMS-1) 1425 kg[245] sub GTO ISRO Success
[246][247][248][249][250]

2021

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C51 28 February 2021
04:54 		PSLV-DL First Brazil Amazônia-1
India Satish Dhawan Sat
United States SpaceBEE (×12)
United States MexicoSAI-1 Nanoconnect-2
India SindhuNetra
India UNITYSats (x3) 		637 kg
1.9 kg
~4 kg x 12
N/A
10 kg
N/A 		Low Earth Success
Flight C51.[251][252][253][254][255][256][36]

2022

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C52 14 Feb 2022
00:29 		PSLV-XL First India EOS-4/RISAT-1ATemplate:Line breakIndia United States Taiwan INSPIRESat-1Template:Line breakIndia Bhutan INS-2TD 1710 kg
8.7 kg
17.5 kg 		Low Earth ISRO Success
Flight C52, RISAT-1A satellite for Earth observation[217][257][258][259][260][261]
C53 30 June 2022
12:32[262] 		PSLV-CA Second Singapore DS-EOTemplate:Line breakSingapore NeuSARTemplate:Line breakSingapore SCOOB-ITemplate:Line breakIndia 6 × smaller payloads (hosted on POEM-1) 365 kg
155 kg
2.8 kg 		Low Earth DSTA Success
Primary payload is DS-EO electro-optical satellite by Defence Science and Technology Agency with two other small satellites from Singapore to low Earth equatorial orbit.[263] It also carries the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) that is attached to upper stage to carry in-orbit experiments and carries 6 hosted payloads.
C54 26 November 2022
06:26[264][265] 		PSLV-XL First India Oceansat-3/EOS-6Template:Line breakUnited StatesSwitzerland 4× Astrocast-2Template:Line breakIndiaBhutanBhutanSat (aka INS-2B)Template:Line breakIndia Pixxel TD-1 Anand Template:Line breakIndia Thybolt 1 & Thybolt 2 1117 kg
17.92 kg
18.28 kg
16.51 kg
1.45 kg 		Low Earth ISRO Success
Flight C54.[266][257][267][268]

2023

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
C55 22 April 2023
08:50[269][270] 		PSLV-CA First Singapore TeLEOS-2 Template:Line breakSingapore Lumelite-4Template:Line breakIndia 7 × smaller payloads (hosted on POEM-2) 741 kg
16 kgTemplate:Line break
 Low Earth DSTA Success
Flight C55, commercial launch by NSIL. First launch operation of a rocket partially assembled at PSLV Integration Facility (PIF)[271] First flight of PSLV-CA without Aerodynamic Stabiliser (AST) modules.[272][273]

Future launches

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Orbit User
Aug-Sept 2023[274] PSLV-XL TBD India Aditya-L1 Halo orbit ISRO
Flight C56, solar coronal observation mission[275][276]
2023[277] PSLV TBD Singapore DS-SAR Low Earth DSTA
Flight C57. [277]
2023[277] PSLV TBD India ANVESHA[278] Low Earth DRDO
Flight C58.
H2 2023[277] PSLV TBD India RISAT-1B Low Earth
Flight C60, follow on to RISAT-1A.
2023 PSLV TBD India TDS-01 ISRO
Technology Demonstrator Satellite 01 mission[279][280]
2023 PSLV TBD India XPoSat ISRO
X-ray Polarimeter Satellite[281]
2024[282] PSLV-XL TBD Europe PROBA-3 Highly elliptical European Space Agency
Proba-3 is a technology demonstration mission by the ESA for solar coronagraphy.
2024 PSLV TBD IndiaFranceTRISHNA SSO ISRO,CNES
The Trishna mission is designed to observe Earth’s surface in the thermal infrared domain.[283][284]

Gallery

  • PSLV - C54 Liffed off from Satish Dhawan Space Center's , First Launch Pad.

  • PSLV C53 Clears Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre , Shriharikota

  • PSLV C52 lifting off from First Launch Pad

  • PSLV-C49 lift off

  • PSLV C45 ignition

  • Top view of PSLV C45

  • PSLV C48 RISAT-2BR1 lift-off from First Launch Pad

  • PSLV C11 lift off

  • PSLV C44 lift off

References

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  2. ↑ "Space Yuga". http://spaceyuga.com/pslv-polar-satellite-launch-vehicle. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Space Craft Encyclopedia". http://claudelafleur.qc.ca/Indians-launchers.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "PSLV-C2". http://www.isro.org/pslv-c2/pslv-c2.aspx. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Current Science". http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/oct25/articles18.htm. 
  6. ↑ "The Indian Express". http://www.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/19990523/fec23053.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Spaceref Asia: India's PSLV-C6 Successfully Launches Two Satellites". http://asia.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=16830. 
  8. ↑ "ISRO: PSLV C7". http://www.isro.org/pslv-c7/pslv-c7.aspx. 
  9. ↑ "PSLV-C7 launch a success". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 11 January 2007. http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/11/stories/2007011104750100.htm. 
  10. ↑ "PSLV puts 10 satellites in orbit". The Hindu. 29 April 2008. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/pslv-puts-10-satellites-in-orbit/article1247967.ece. 
  11. ↑ "PSLV-C9". Indian Space Research Organisation. http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c9/PSLV-C9.aspx. 
  12. ↑ Bagla, Pallava (30 April 2008). "India's growing strides in space". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7374714.stm. 
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  22. ↑ "PSLV C20/SARAL Gallery". http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c20-saral-mission/saral-gallery. 
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  108. ↑ "నేడు పిఎస్‌ఎల్‌వి-సి32 కౌంట్‌డౌన్‌". http://www.prajasakti.com/Content/1768111. 
  109. ↑ "IRNSS full fleet could be a month late". The Hindu. 2016-03-17. ISSN 0971-751X. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/irnss-full-fleet-could-be-a-month-late/article8362510.ece. 
  110. ↑ "PSLV-C33/IRNSS-1G". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c33-irnss-1g. 
  111. ↑ "PSLV-C34 CARTOSAT". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Publications/Brochures/PSLV-C34.pdf. 
  112. ↑ "ఈ ఏడాది మరో ఏడు ప్రయోగాలు". http://www.andhrajyothy.com/Artical?SID=200026. 
  113. ↑ "ISRO to launch record 22 satellites in single mission in June". http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/isro-to-launch-record-22-satellites-in-single-mission-in-june/article8660648.ece. 
  114. ↑ "Satmaxvalier". http://www.satmaxvalier.it/index.php. 
  115. ↑ "PSLV-C34". http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c34. 
  116. ↑ "Mission Readiness Review (MRR) committee and Launch Authorisation Board (LAB) have cleared the 48 hr countdown starting at 09:26 IST on Monday, June 20, 2016 and the launch of PSLV-C34/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission for Wednesday, 22 June 2016 at 09:26 IST". http://isro.gov.in/update/19-jun-2016/mission-readiness-review-mrr-committee-and-launch-authorisation-board-lab-have. 
  117. ↑ "CanX-7 (Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment-7)". https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/c-missions/canx-7#launch. 
  118. ↑ "రెండు ప్రయోగాలకు సిద్ధమవుతోన్న ఇస్రో". http://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/isro-experiments-gslv-358333. 
  119. ↑ "సెప్టెంబర్‌లో షార్ నుండి రెండు ప్రయోగాలు". http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/state-3870. 
  120. ↑ "ISRO to launch 5 satellites in Septemeber [sic"]. http://www.geospatialworld.net/news-posts/isro-launch-5-satellites-septemeber/. 
  121. ↑ "SCATSAT-1". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/scatsat-1.htm. 
  122. ↑ "IIT-B's feat: Mumbai's first satellite to lift off on September 26". http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/IIT-Bs-feat-Mumbais-first-satellite-to-lift-off-on-Sept-26/articleshow/54337045.cms. 
  123. ↑ "PSLV-C35 Successfully Launches Eight Satellites into Two Different Orbits in a Single Flight". http://www.isro.gov.in/update/26-sep-2016/pslv-c35-successfully-launches-eight-satellites-two-different-orbits-single. 
  124. ↑ "Noorul Islam University bets big on NIUSAT". http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Noorul-Islam-University-bets-big-on-NIUSAT/articleshow/54761948.cms. 
  125. ↑ "Resourcesat-2A launch on November 28". http://www.deccanchronicle.com/science/science/271016/resourcesat-2a-launch-on-november-28.html. 
  126. ↑ "డిసెంబర్ 7న పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ ప్రయోగం". http://www.hmtvlive.com/content/pslv-launched-december-7-isro-18184. 
  127. ↑ "డిసెంబర్ 7న మరో ఉపగ్రహ ప్రయోగం". http://telugu.samayam.com/latest-news/science-technology/isro-to-launch-pslv-c36-on-december/articleshow/55427951.cms. 
  128. ↑ "PSLV C36/ Resourcesat-2A". http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/resourcesat-2a. 
  129. ↑ "PSLV C36 / Resourcesat-2A Brochure". http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c36-resourcesat-2a/pslv-c36-brochure. 
  130. ↑ "ISRO to launch record 103 satellites in one go in February". http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/isro-to-launch-record-103-satellites-in-one-go-in-february-4458720/. 
  131. ↑ "ISRO centres set for the record launch of 104 satellites at one go by February 15". http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/isro-centres-set-for-the-record-launch-of-104-satellites-at-one-go-by-february-15/articleshow/56856368.cms. 
  132. ↑ "పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ సీ–37 ప్రయోగ సమయం మార్పు". http://www.sakshi.com/news/state/changed-the-time-of-launch-the-pslv-c-37-447767. 
  133. ↑ "పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ సి-37 ప్రయోగ సమయం మార్పు". http://www.sakshi.com/news/state/isro-plans-to-launch-103-satellites-on-a-single-rocket-447876. 
  134. ↑ "ISRO to launch record 83 satellites in one go in January". Indian Express. 27 December 2016. http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-to-launch-record-83-satellites-in-one-go-in-january-4447655/. 
  135. ↑ "Nayif-1 nanosatellite to launch this month". 14 September 2020. http://www.thenational.ae/uae/science/uae-nanosatellite-to-launch-this-month. 
  136. ↑ "ISRO sets focus on PSLV-C38 launch by June 28". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/isro-sets-focus-on-pslv-c38-launch-by-june-28/articleshow/59058560.cms. 
  137. ↑ "ISRO to launch 'Cartosat 2E' on board PSLV-C38 on June 23". 15 June 2017. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-cartosat-2e-on-board-pslv-c38-on-june-23/articleshow/59166999.cms. 
  138. ↑ Rajwi, Tiki (5 January 2017). "ISRO set to raise nation's pride with five missions". The New Indian Express. http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/jan/05/isro-set-to-raise-nations-pride-with-five-missions-1556290.html. 
  139. ↑ "Cartosat-2 Series follow on satellite and Student Satellite NIUSAT flagged off from ISRO Satellite Centre to SDSC-SHAR Launchpad on 09th June 2017". http://www.isac.gov.in/flagoff-carto2s.jsp. 
  140. ↑ "Canon Satellite". http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Canon-readies-miniature-satellite-for-March-launch. 
  141. ↑ "Max Valier Satellite". http://www.satmaxvalier.it/index.php. 
  142. ↑ "D-Sat". http://www.dsat.space. 
  143. ↑ "PacSci EMC Announces PACSCISAT Launch". https://psemc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/PacSci-EMC-Announces-PACSCISAT-Launch.pdf. 
  144. ↑ "Global interest in PSLV soars". http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/global-interest-in-pslv-soars/article17958583.ece. 
  145. ↑ "SpaceWatchME Interviews: Meidad Pariente of Sky and Space Global". https://spacewatchme.com/2017/04/spacewatchme-interviews-meidad-pariente-of-sky-and-space-global/. 
  146. ↑ "Sky and Space Global confirms satellite launch schedule". http://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/176055/sky-and-space-global-confirms-satellite-launch-schedule-176055.html. 
  147. ↑ "మే 25న పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-సి38 రాకెట్ ప్రయోగం". http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=401169. 
  148. ↑ "ISILaunch19 mission patch and payloads". http://blog.isilaunch.com/isilaunch19-mission-patch-payloads/. 
  149. ↑ "Space Physics Laboratory Annual Report 2016-17". http://spl.gov.in/biodata/SPL-AR-2017.pdf. 
  150. ↑ "ISRO to launch back up navigation satellite on August 31". The New Indian Express. http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/aug/10/isro-to-launch-back-up-navigation-satellite-on-august-31-1640952.html. 
  151. ↑ "PSLV-C39/IRNSS-1H Mission is scheduled to be launched on August 31, 2017 at 18:59 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-aug-2017/pslv-c39-irnss-1h-mission-scheduled-to-be-launched-aug-31-2017-1859-hrs-sdsc-shar. 
  152. ↑ "Mission Readiness Review (MRR) committee and Launch Authorisation Board (LAB) have cleared the 29hr countdown of PSLV-C39/ IRNSS-1H Satellite mission for Wednesday, August 30, 2017 starting at 14:00 IST, the launch of PSLV-C39/IRNSS-1H Satellite mission for Thursday, August 31, 2017 at 19:00 IST". 29 August 2017. http://www.isro.gov.in/update/29-aug-2017/mission-readiness-review-mrr-committee-and-launch-authorisation-board-lab-have. 
  153. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm. 
  154. ↑ "Q.no.1112 Ans:08.02.2017". LokSabha Questions. http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/11/AU1112.pdf. 
  155. ↑ "IRNSS-1H launch from Sriharikota unsuccessful". The Indian Express. 31 August 2017. http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-pslv-c39-carrying-irnss-1h-series-satellite-to-be-launched-today-live-updates-sriharikota-4821747/. 
  156. ↑ "IRNSS-1H launch LIVE UPDATES: Mission unsuccessful, says ISRO chief". The Indian Express. 31 August 2017. http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-pslv-c39-carrying-irnss-1h-series-satellite-to-be-launched-today-live-updates-sriharikota-4821747/. 
  157. ↑ "Cartosat-2F". http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/images/Cartosat2D.jpg. 
  158. ↑ "Indian Nano satellite -platform for payloads from ISRO & Universities". December 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348362919. 
  159. ↑ "SSTL ships CARBONITE-2 and Telesat's LEO-1 for PSLV launch". http://www.sstl.co.uk/Press/SSTL-ships-CARBONITE-2-and-Telesat-s-LEO-1-for-PSL. 
  160. ↑ "Planet to fly four Dove satellites on ISRO's PSLV-C40". https://www.planet.com/pulse/planet-to-launch-on-pslv-c40/. 
  161. ↑ "SPACEFLIGHT PREPARES TO LAUNCH ELEVEN SPACECRAFT ON INDIA'S PSLV-C40". 4 December 2017. http://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-prepares-to-launch-eleven-spacecraft-on-indias-pslv-c40/. 
  162. ↑ "SIGMA(KHUSAT-03)". http://khusat.khu.ac.kr/?page_id=50/. 
  163. ↑ Spangelo, Sara (25 June 2018). "SWARM Orbital Debris Assessment Report". https://apps.fcc.gov/els/GetAtt.html?id=212398&x=. "1.2714 kg (all four satellites), (individually: 0.2835, 0.2977, 0.3131, 0.3771 kg)"  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  164. ↑ "GeoStare". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/geostare.htm. 
  165. ↑ D.S., Madhumati (1 September 2017). "It's business as usual for PSLV". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/its-business-as-usual-for-pslv/article19604353.ece. "The next PSLV mission is tentatively due in December to launch a Cartosat-2 series remote sensing satellite. It may also carry smaller customer satellites." 
  166. ↑ "Enabling Spacecraft Systems Realization through Industries (ESSRI-2017)". ISRO. p. 36. http://www.isac.gov.in/industry/industry-events/Souvenier_essri_2017__for_Web.pdf. 
  167. ↑ "Improved PSLV on track to blast off next month". The New Indian Express. http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/19/improved-pslv-on-track-to-blast-off-next-month-1730985.html. 
  168. ↑ "India to launch 31 satellites on January 10". The Indian Express. 2017-12-30. http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-to-launch-31-satellites-on-january-10-5004658/. 
  169. ↑ "ISRO's baby rocket to carry small satellites, likely to take off in 2019". The New Indian Express. http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/jan/02/isros-baby-rocket-to-carry-small-satellites-likely-to-take-off-in-2019-1742052.html. 
  170. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (8 January 2018). "NovaSAR has actually been bumped from this flight. It will go later in the year". https://twitter.com/BBCAmos/status/950463041510010880. 
  171. ↑ "PSLV-C40 / Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Brochure". https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C40_Cartosat2SeriesMission/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C40 - Cartosat 2 Series Mission.pdf. 
  172. ↑ Singh, Surendra. "Isro will resume sat launches only from first week of 2018". https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-will-resume-sat-launches-only-from-first-week-of-2018/articleshow/61994345.cms. 
  173. ↑ "S Somnath takes charge as Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre's director". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/s-somnath-takes-charge-as-vikram-sarabhai-space-centres-director/articleshow/62609273.cms. 
  174. ↑ ISRO Readying for a Number of Launches, 2018-01-26, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9ymCjBypFU&t=28, retrieved 2018-01-29 
  175. ↑ "మార్చి 15కు జీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ ఎఫ్‌–08 వాయిదా". Sakshi. 2018-02-06. https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/gslv-f08-launching-postponed-to15th-march-1040673. "22న పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ సీ41 ప్రయోగాలు చేసేందుకు ఇస్రో సిద్ధమవుతోంది." 
  176. ↑ Anandan, S. (2018-02-24). "ISRO to launch another IRNSS satellite in April". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/isro-to-launch-anotherirnss-satellite-in-april/article22845347.ece. 
  177. ↑ "Isro gears up to launch 2 satellites before Chandrayaan-2 mission". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-gears-up-to-launch-2-satellites-before-chandrayaan-2-mission/articleshow/63161660.cms. 
  178. ↑ "జీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-ఎఫ్08 రాకెట్ ప్రయోగం". http://andhrabhoomi.net/node/156463. 
  179. ↑ "PSLV-C41/IRNSS-1I". https://isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c41-irnss-1i. 
  180. ↑ "PSLV-C42 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c42-mission. 
  181. ↑ Bagla, Pallava. "Critical Technologies For Human Space Mission On Track, Says ISRO". NDTV. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/critical-technologies-for-human-space-mission-on-track-says-isro-1899331. "@6m35s" 
  182. ↑ Press Conference by Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh on issues related to Department of Space, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZUBr8q2R9U, retrieved 2018-08-28 
  183. ↑ "The countdown begun today at 13:08 (IST) for the launch of PSLV C42 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The scheduled launch is at 22:08 (IST) tomorrow". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/15-sep-2018/countdown-begun-today-0108-pm-ist-launch-of-pslv-c42-satish-dhawan-space-centre. 
  184. ↑ "NovaSAR-S - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions". https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/n/novasar-s. 
  185. ↑ "SSTL S1-4". https://www.sstl.co.uk/space-portfolio/missions-in-build/2010-2018/sstl-s1-4. 
  186. ↑ "Small Satellite Programme @ ISRO Global Markets/ National Requirements". 1 September 2016. http://iete.org/TS2.pdf. 
  187. ↑ "PSLV C43 / HySIS press kit". 26 November 2018. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c43_hysis_press_kit.pdf. 
  188. ↑ Mohammed, Akram (18 October 2018). "Two satellites per month: ISRO's plan hits hurdle". The New Indian Express. http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/oct/18/two-satellites-per-month-isros-plan-hits-hurdle-1886937.html. 
  189. ↑ "షార్ నుంచి వచ్చేనెలలో మరో రెండు ప్రయోగాలు". http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/nation-8122. 
  190. ↑ "ISRO lines up 3 rocket launches in two months". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/isro-lines-up-3-rocket-launches-in-two-months/articleshow/66538316.cms. 
  191. ↑ "29న పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-సీ 43 రాకెట్ ప్రయోగం". http://ftp.andhrabhoomi.net/content/nlr-2145. 
  192. ↑ "29న పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-సీ43 ప్రయోగం". Prajasakti. http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/TaajaVarthalu/2090873. 
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  194. ↑ "PSLV-C43 / HysIS Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c43-hysis-mission. 
  195. ↑ "The countdown for the launch of PSLV-C43 / HysIS Mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota is tentatively scheduled at 05:57 IST on 28 November 2018. The launch is tentatively scheduled at 09:57 IST on 29 November 2018". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/27-nov-2018/countdown-launch-of-pslv-c43-hysis-mission-satish-dhawan-space-centre-shar. 
  196. ↑ "PSLV-C43 lift off time is rescheduled to 09:58 IST on 29 November 2018. Countdown will commence from 05:58 IST on 28 November 2018". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/27-nov-2018/pslv-c43-lift-time-rescheduled-to-0958-hrs-ist-29th-november-2018-countdown-will. 
  197. ↑ "ISRO opens new year launching satellite for DRDO and a student satellite". 2019-01-17. http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/isro-opens-new-year-launching-satellite-for-drdo-and-a-student-satellite/. 
  198. ↑ "In a first, ISRO will make dead rocket stage 'alive' in space for experiments". https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-a-first-isro-will-make-dead-rocket-stage-alive-in-space-for-experiments/articleshow/67067817.cms. 
  199. ↑ "ISRO to design fourth stage rockets that stay "alive" for experiments months after launch". https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/isro-to-design-fourth-stage-rockets-that-stay-alive-for-experiments-months-after-launch-5720821.html. 
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  202. ↑ "PSLV-C44". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c44. 
  203. ↑ "ISRO's PSLV C44 rocket successfully places Microsat-R and Kalamsat into Earth's orbit- Technology News, Firstpost". 25 January 2019. https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c44-rocket-successfully-places-microsat-r-and-kalamsat-into-earths-orbit-5958471.html. 
  204. ↑ "PSLV-C44 successfully launched Microsat-R and Kalamsat-V2". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/25-jan-2019/pslv-c44-successfully-launched-microsat-r-and-kalamsat-v2. 
  205. ↑ "R. Sudharshan Kaarthik". https://www.iist.ac.in/avionics/sudharshan.kaarthik. 
  206. ↑ "ISRO To Launch Defence Satellite In March For Defence Research Body". https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/isro-to-launch-defence-satellite-in-march-for-drdo-2000235. 
  207. ↑ "ISRO set for first three-orbit mission of PSLV-C45 on March 14". The Times of India. 15 February 2019. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-set-for-first-three-orbit-mission-of-pslv-c45-on-march-14/articleshow/68016364.cms. 
  208. ↑ "First Up for 2019: PSLV Launch of 20 Next Generation Doves". https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/. 
  209. ↑ ISRO Chief K. Sivan Addresses the media on #Chandrayaan2 mission updates, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCcCtjX0kNE&t=3150, retrieved 2019-01-11 
  210. ↑ "Isro set for next PSLV-C45 launch on April 1". 15 March 2019. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-set-for-next-pslv-c45-launch-on-april-1/articleshow/68432652.cms. 
  211. ↑ "Launch Kit C45". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c45-emisat-mission/launch-kit. 
  212. ↑ "The countdown for the launch of PSLV-C45 mission commenced today at 06:27 (IST) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. The launch is scheduled at 09:27 IST on 1st April 2019". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/31-mar-2019/countdown-launch-of-pslv-c45-mission-commenced-today-0627-hrs-ist-satish-dhawan. 
  213. ↑ "exseed sat 2". https://www.exseedspace.com/exseed-sat-2. 
  214. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSLV". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/01/indian-military-satellite-20-more-planet-imaging-cubesats-aboard-successful-pslv-launch/. 
  215. ↑ 215.0 215.1 215.2 "Ahead of next PSLV-C45 mission, GSAT-31 set for launch on February 6". https://m.timesofindia.com/india/ahead-of-next-pslv-c45-mission-gsat-31-set-for-launch-on-feb-6/articleshow/67728017.cms. 
  216. ↑ 216.0 216.1 "INDIAN LAUNCH MANIFEST (2 Apr 2019)". http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/india-man.txt. 
  217. ↑ 217.0 217.1 217.2 217.3 D. S., Madhumathi (2 April 2019). "Starting May, ISRO to launch a string of "defence" satellites". The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/starting-may-isro-to-launch-a-string-of-defence-satellites/article26714439.ece. 
  218. ↑ "ISRO plans to launch radar imaging satellite in May". https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/isro-plans-to-launch-radar-imaging-satellite-in-may/1525375. 
  219. ↑ "PSLV-C46 mission on 22nd May 2019 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/11-may-2019/pslv-c46-mission-22nd-may-2019-satish-dhawan-space-centre-shar. 
  220. ↑ "PSLV C46 / RISAT-2B launch kit". 17 May 2019. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c46_launch_kit.pdf. 
  221. ↑ "The countdown for the launch of PSLV-C46 mission commenced today at 04:30 (IST) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. The launch is scheduled at 05:30 IST on May 22, 2019". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/21-may-2019/countdown-launch-of-pslv-c46-mission-commenced-today-0430-hrs-ist-satish-dhawan. 
  222. ↑ "Meshbed Satellite Technical Description". https://fcc.report/ELS/Analytical-Space/1560-EX-ST-2019/236389.pdf.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  223. ↑ Ramesh, Sandhya (2019-11-27). "Why ISRO's Cartosat-3 is most complex and advanced satellite India has built". https://theprint.in/india/isro-cartosat-most-complex-advanced-indian-satellite/326972/. 
  224. ↑ "PSLV-C46 successfully launches RISAT-2B". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b. 
  225. ↑ "PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission. 
  226. ↑ "The launch of PSLV-C27 delayed". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/21-nov-2019/launch-of-pslv-c47-carrying-cartosat-3-scheduled-november-25-2019-0928-hrs. 
  227. ↑ "Press Release - PSLV-C47 successfully launches Cartosat-3 and 13 Commercial nanosatellites into Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/27-nov-2019/press-release-pslv-c47-successfully-launches-cartosat-3-and-13-commercial. 
  228. ↑ "12月12日（木）小型SAR衛星「イザナギ」との初交信が成功しました！" (in ja). https://i-qps.net/news/172. 
  229. ↑ "Spaceflight Announces Next Three Rideshare Missions on ISRO's PSLV, Slated Through the End of 2019". 2019-10-21. https://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-announces-next-three-rideshare-missions-on-isros-pslv-slated-through-the-end-of-2019/. 
  230. ↑ "הלוויין דוכיפת 3 ישוגר בעוד כשבועיים מהודו" (in he). 2019-11-30. https://www.hayadan.org.il/duchifat-3-satellite-will-be-launched-in-two-weeks-from-india-0112191. 
  231. ↑ 231.0 231.1 231.2 "PSLV C48 Press kit". 5 December 2019. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c48risat-2br1_missionr/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C48RISAT-2BR1 Mission.pdf. 
  232. ↑ "Pathfinder Risk Reduction (Tyvak 0129)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pathfinder-risk-reduction.htm. 
  233. ↑ "אלביט שיגרה לחלל ננו-לוויין ליישומי תקשורת" (in he). 18 December 2019. https://www.israeldefense.co.il/he/node/41316. 
  234. ↑ "Commtrail (Tyvak 0092)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/commtrail.htm. 
  235. ↑ "ISRO launches to resume in October: Sivan". The Hindu. 2019-09-07. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-launches-to-resume-in-october-sivan/article29363065.ece. 
  236. ↑ "పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-సి48 ప్రయోగం 11న". https://www.eenadu.net/nationalinternational/mainnews/2019/11/29/219058849. 
  237. ↑ "PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c48-risat-2br1. 
  238. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Indian PSLV deploys 10 satellites in first launch since start of pandemic". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/11/07/indian-pslv-deploys-10-satellites-in-first-launch-since-start-of-pandemic/. 
  239. ↑ "भारत के दुश्‍मनों की कलाई पर बंधी घड़ी का समय भी बता देगा ISRO का ये सैटेलाइट". NewsState.com. 24 July 2019. https://www.newsstate.com/science-tech/news/enemies-of-india-exposed-by-cartosat-3-satellite-isro-wil-launch-soon-98320.html. 
  240. ↑ Singh, Surendra (3 December 2019). "ISRO to launch another 'eye in the sky' Risat-2BR1 on 11 December 2019, will help boost border surveillance". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-another-eye-in-the-sky-risat-2br1-on-dec-11-will-help-boost-border-surveillance/articleshow/72340281.cms. 
  241. ↑ "5న జీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-ఎఫ్‌ 10 ప్రయోగం" (in te). https://www.eenadu.net/nationalinternational/mainnews/general/7/220031328. 
  242. ↑ "ఇస్రో కీలక నిర్ణయం త్వరలోనే షార్ నుంచి రాకెట్". 2020-06-04. https://telugu.news18.com/news/andhra-pradesh/isro-will-rocket-launch-soon-from-shar-in-nellore-andhra-pradesh-bn-530392.html. 
  243. ↑ "PSLV C49 brochure". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c49_eos-01_mission_brochure.pdf. 
  244. ↑ "PSLV successfully launches EOS-01 and nine customer satellites from Sriharikota". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-nov-2020/pslv-successfully-launches-eos-01-and-nine-customer-satellites-sriharikota. 
  245. ↑ Launch of PSLV-C50/CMS-01 mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR), Sriharikota (Video) (in English and हिन्दी). 17 December 2020. 4 minutes 40 seconds minutes in.
  246. ↑ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. 2 December 2020. https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/. 
  247. ↑ "రష్యా ఉపగ్రహ సమీపాన కార్టోశాట్‌" (in te). https://www.eenadu.net/apmukyamshalu/mainnews/ap-main/2501/120142957. 
  248. ↑ "17న పీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ ప్రయోగం" (in te). https://www.eenadu.net/nationalinternational/newsarticle/general/0702/120150404. 
  249. ↑ "PSLV-C50/CMS-01". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c50-cms-01. 
  250. ↑ "ISRO gearing up for rocket launches with Virtual Launch Control Centre". 5 October 2020. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/isro-gearing-up-for-rocket-launches-with-virtual-launch-control-centre-151412. 
  251. ↑ "Amazonia-1 será lanzado en 2020" (in es). LATAM Satelital. 11 May 2018. http://latamsatelital.com/16255-2/. 
  252. ↑ "India-Brazil Space Cooperation: South American nation to track ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 and Gaganyaan missions". The Financial Express. 2020-01-23. https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/india-brazil-space-cooperation-south-american-nation-to-track-isros-chandrayaan-3-and-gaganyaan-missions/1833159/. 
  253. ↑ "Satélite Amazônia-1 começa a ser fechado para a realização de testes ambientais" (in pt-br). http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=5358. 
  254. ↑ "Satélite de monitoramento da Amazônia deverá ser lançado em fevereiro" (in pt-br). Governo do Brasil. https://www.gov.br/pt-br/noticias/educacao-e-pesquisa/2020/07/satelite-de-monitoramento-da-amazonia-devera-ser-lancado-em-fevereiro. 
  255. ↑ "ISRO to kick off 2021 by launching its first Indian start-up passenger into space aboard the PSLV-C51". Business Insider. 17 December 2020. https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-to-kick-off-2021-by-launching-its-first-indian-start-up-passenger-into-space-abroad-the-pslv-c51/articleshow/79780410.cms. 
  256. ↑ "PSLV-C51 is scheduled to launch Amazonia-1 and 20 Co-passenger satellites on February 28, 2021 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR". ISRO. 5 February 2021. https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c51-scheduled-to-launch-amazonia-1-and-20-co-passenger-satellites-february-28-2021. 
  257. ↑ 257.0 257.1 "Isro aims for 7 more launches from India in 2021". Times of India. 12 March 2021. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-aims-for-7-more-launches-from-india-in-2021/articleshow/81455856.cms. 
  258. ↑ "Taiwan and India cooperate on January CubeSat launch". 2021-12-18. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4381057. 
  259. ↑ Chandran, Amal; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Chang, Loren; Hari, Priyadarshan; Woods, Thomas N.; Chao, Chi-Kuang; Kohnert, Richard; Verma, Ankit et al. (2021-09-15). "The INSPIRESat-1: Mission, science, and engineering" (in en). Advances in Space Research 68 (6): 2616–2630. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2021.06.025. ISSN 0273-1177. Bibcode: 2021AdSpR..68.2616C. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117721004968. 
  260. ↑ "PSLV C52 / EOS-04 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c52-eos-04-v4.pdf. 
  261. ↑ "Successful launch of PSLV-C52 with EOS-04 Satellite - ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/14-feb-2022/successful-launch-of-pslv-c52-with-eos-04-satellite. 
  262. ↑ Kanayama, Lee (30 June 2022). "India launches PSLV-C53 mission, demonstrating new on-orbit capabilities". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/pslv-c53-launch/. 
  263. ↑ "PSLV-C53/DS-EO - ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c53-ds-eo. 
  264. ↑ ISRO Spaceflight [@ISROSpaceflight] (8 November 2022). "Per @DrJitendraSingh, the launch of PSLV-C54 carrying EOS-6/Oceansat-3 is expected to launch on 26 November 2022.". https://twitter.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1590005889511362562. 
  265. ↑ "SPACE THEME PARK". https://lvg.shar.gov.in/VSCREGISTRATION/index.jsp. 
  266. ↑ "February 2020". 2020-01-27. https://ioccg.org/2020/01/feb-2020/. 
  267. ↑ "Monthly Summary of Department of Space for the month of May 2022". https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/monthly-summary-of-department-of-space-last-1-year/may_-_2022_-_monthly_summary.pdf. 
  268. ↑ "PSLV-C54/EOS-06 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_PSLV_C54.html. 
  269. ↑ "SPACE THEME PARK". 2023-04-17. https://lvg.shar.gov.in/VSCREGISTRATION/index.jsp. 
  270. ↑ "ISRO launches PSLV with Singaporean satellites" (in en-US). 2023-04-22. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/isro-to-launch-pslv-with-singaporean-satellites/. 
  271. ↑ "Monthly Summary of Department of space for the month of February 2023". 10 March 2023. https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Monthly_summary/MonthlySummar_February2023.pdf. 
  272. ↑ The Future of the Indian Space Programme by A. S. Kiran Kumar. 2023-04-18. Event occurs at 1 hour 6 minutes 23 seconds.
  273. ↑ "PSLV-C55/TeLEOS-2 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/PSLVC55/PSLVC55TeLEOS.pdf. 
  274. ↑ "Crowded July-Aug for Isro with Chandrayaan-3, PSLV & Gaganyaan abort missions; Aditya-L1 aimed for Aug-Sept". The Times of India. 2023-05-23. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/crowded-july-aug-for-isro-with-chandrayaan-3-pslv-gaganyaan-abort-missions-aditya-l1-aimed-for-aug-sept/articleshow/100455963.cms. 
  275. ↑ Dutt, Anonna (17 September 2021). "'India's first solar mission likely to launch next year': ISRO". The Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indias-first-solar-mission-likely-to-launch-next-year-isro-101631860455183.html. 
  276. ↑ "Questions in the Lok Sabha (AU2587)". Lok Sabha. 10 March 2021. http://164.100.24.220/loksabhaquestions/annex/175/AU2587.pdf. 
  277. ↑ 277.0 277.1 277.2 277.3 "Government of India, Department of Space: Lok Sabha, Unstarred question number 4702". 29 March 2023. https://pqals.nic.in/annex/1711/AU4702.pdf. 
  278. ↑ "500 किमी ऊपर सेटेलाइट से अब होगा अचूक वार, आइआरडीई तैयार कर रहा इमेजिंग पेलोड" (in hi). https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-now-satellite-will-attack-from-500-km-above-19684051.html. 
  279. ↑ Singh, Surendra (17 Feb 2021). "Gaganyaan manned mission not before 2023: Minister" (in en). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-manned-mission-not-before-2023-minister/articleshow/81013233.cms. 
  280. ↑ "The Fourth State, Issue 103 February 2022". https://www.ipr.res.in/newsletter/2022-NL-02-103/NL_Feb_2022_SQ.pdf. 
  281. ↑ "Loksabha Q&A". DEPARTMENT OF SPACE. 2023-04-05. https://pqals.nic.in/annex/1711/AU5386.pdf. 
  282. ↑ "Proba-3 complete: Formation-flying satellites fully integrated". ESA. 27 March 2023. https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Proba_Missions/Proba-3_complete_Formation-flying_satellites_fully_integrated. 
  283. ↑ "Packed 2022: Isro looks to make progress in Disha, Trishna, Venus missions". The Times of India. 2022-01-03. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/packed-2022-isro-to-work-on-gaganyaan-chandrayaan-3-three-key-missions/articleshow/88669004.cms. 
  284. ↑ "Trishna" (in en). 2020-07-15. https://trishna.cnes.fr/en/trishna-0. 



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