Tim Kaine

Tim Kaine (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Virginia. He assumed office on January 3, 2013. His current term ends on January 3, 2031.

Kaine (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Virginia. He won in the general election on November 5, 2024.

Biography[edit]

Prior to his election to the Senate, Kaine served as governor of Virginia from 2006 to 2010.^[1]

Career[edit]

Below is an abbreviated outline of Kaine's academic, professional, and political career:^[2]

2013-Present: U.S. Senator from Virginia
2006-2010: Governor of Virginia
2002-2006: Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
1998-2001: Mayor of Richmond

Committee assignments[edit]

U.S. Senate[edit]

2023-2024

Kaine was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2021-2022

Kaine was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2017-2018[edit]

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Kaine was assigned to the following committees:^[3]

2015-2016[edit]

Kaine served on the following committees:^[4]

2013-2014[edit]

Kaine served on the following Senate committees:^[5]:

Armed Services Committee
- Subcommittee on SeaPower
- Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support
- Subcommittee on Personnel
Budget Committee
Foreign Relations Committee
- The Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps and Global Narcotics Affairs
- The Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy and Global Women's Issues
- The Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection, and Peace Corps Chairman

Key votes[edit]

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025[edit]

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[6]

Passed (87-13)

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

The Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (H.R. 6363) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 17, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through January 19, 2024. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by November 17, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[7]

Passed (87-11)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 5860) was a bill approved by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through November 17, 2023. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by October 1, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[8]

Passed (88-9)

Yea

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[9] Click here to read more.

Passed (63-36)

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[10] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-23)

Nay

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".

H.J.Res. 44 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate. The bill sought to nullify a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rule establishing criteria to determine whether firearms equipped with stabilizing braces that facilitate shoulder fire were subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[11]

Failed (50-49)

Nay

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[12] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-46)

Yea

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[13]

Passed (76-20)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024

The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[14]

Passed (75-22)

Nay

FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024

The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R. 3935) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report. ^[15]

Passed (88-4)

Yea

Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors (dismissal of first article)

H.Res.863 Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.^[16]

Passed (51-48)

Yea

Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors (dismissal of second article)

H.Res.863 Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.^[17]

Passed (51-49)

Yea

Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.

H.R. 815, Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 24, 2024, appropriating foreign aid to Israel, Taiwan, and Ukraine. The bill also mandated the company ByteDance divested from TikTok or the app would be removed from the U.S. This bill required a majority vote.^[18]

Passed (79-18)

Yea

Border Act of 2024

The Border Act of 2024 (S.4361) was voted down in the U.S. Senate on April 23, 2024. The bill would have expanded the Department of Homeland Security's capabilities of handling individuals entering/residing in the country without permission. It would have expanded the Department's capabilities at the border. It required 3/5ths of the vote to pass cloture.^[19]

Failed (43-50)

Yea

Right to IVF Act

S.4445, the Right to IVF Act, was voted down in the U.S. Senate on September 17, 2024. The bill would have codified access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) into law. This bill required a 3/5ths majority vote to pass cloture.^[20]

Failed (51-44)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025

H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[21]

Passed (78-18)

Yea

Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024

The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R.7024) was a bill passed by the U.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[22]

Failed (48-44)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress[edit]

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023[edit]

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[23] Click here to read more.

Passed (69-30)

Yea

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[24] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Yea

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[25] Click here to read more.

Passed (51-50)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[26]

Passed (88-11)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[27]

Passed (83-11)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[28]

Passed (86-11)

Yea

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[29]

Passed (64-33)

Yea

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[30]

Failed (46-48)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[31]

Passed (68-31)

Yea

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[32] Click here to read more.

Passed (61-36)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[33]

Passed (72-25)

Yea

COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act

The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[34]

Passed (94-1)

Yea

Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2022, that sought to address healthcare and retirement benefits for postal workers, allow USPS to provide certain nonpostal products and services, and expand service performance and budgetary reporting. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[35]

Passed (79-19)

Yea

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[36] Click here to read more.

Passed (65-33)

Yea

Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act

The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (H.R. 5305) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2021, that provided for continuing fiscal year 2022 appropriations to federal agencies through December 3, 2021, in order to prevent a government shutdown that would have otherwise occurred if fiscal year 2022 appropriations bills had not been passed by October 1, 2021. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate.^[37]

Passed (65-35)

Guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a 2/3 majority vote in the Senate.^[38] Click here to read more.

Not guilty (57-43)

Yea

Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022

The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 (H.R. 350) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to expand the availability and reporting of information about domestic terrorism, enhance the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) ability to prosecute domestic terrorism, among other things. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[39]

Failed (47-47)

Yea

A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.

This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[40] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Yea

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[41] Click here to read more.

Failed (49-51)

Yea

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to concur in the House's version of the bill.^[42] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-29)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021[edit]

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[43]

Passed (96-0)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majroity vote in the Senate. ^[44]

Passed (86-8)

Yea

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[45]

Passed (90-8)

Yea

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[46]

Passed (71-23)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[47]

Passed (96-1)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[48]

Passed (83-16)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[49]

Passed (92-8)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[50]

Passed (84-13)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[51]

Passed (81-13)

Nay

Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019

The Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S. 1) is a bill approved by the Senate that sought to address security in certain Middle Eastern countries by sending resources to Israel, extending defense cooperation in Jordan, establishing sanctions related to the conflict in Syria, and allowing states to divest from entities boycotting Israel. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[52]

Passed (77-23)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 1st, 2020, continuing appropriations to federal agencies for Fiscal Year 2021 as well as extending certain expiring programs that address issues such as health care, surface transportation, agriculture, and veterans benefits. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[53]

Passed (84-10)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1158) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for the 2020 Fiscal Year for federal agencies. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[54]

Passed (81-11)

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019

The Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 3055) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations to federal agencies through December 20, 2019 and extending certain programs and authorites that were set to expire. This bill prevented a government shutdown, and provided a pay raise for the military, repealed a revocation of state highway funding, and modified the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate.^[55]

Passed (74-20)

Yea

Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act

The Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act (H.R. 1327) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 29, 2019, providing funds for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001. Key features of the bill included allowing claims to be filed until October 2090, removing the cap on noneconomic damages in certain circumstances, and periodically adjusting the annual limit on economic loss compensation for inflation. This bill required a simple majority vote from the Senate. ^[56]

Passed (97-2)

Guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[57]

Not Guilty (52-48)

Guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[58]

Not Guilty (53-47)

Yea

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (H.R. 5430) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on October 21, 2020, establishing a trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada meant to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by establishing provisions such as labor and environment monitoring and enforcement, de minimis levels for U.S. exports, and cooperation among treaty members to prevent duty evasion. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[59]

Passed (89-10)

Yea

Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act

The Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (S. 151) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 30, 2019, setting forth rules to reduce criminal robot calls. Some key featues of the bill included requiring voice service providers to develop call authentication technologies, creating rules to protect a subscriber from receiving unwanted calls or texts from a caller using an unauthenticated number, and protecting individuals from one-ring scams. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[60]

Passed (97-1)

Yea

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019

The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (H.R. 3401) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on July 1, 2019, providing emergency approprations for humanitarian assistance and security to respond to people attempting to enter the United States at the southern border. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[61]

Passed (84-8)

Yea

Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019

The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 (H.R. 2157) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on June 6, 2019, providing approprations to certain federal departments in order to address expenses incured by recent natural disasters. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[62]

Passed (85-8)

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.

H.J.Res.46 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.) was a resolution passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump (R). This resolution sought to terminate the national emergency related to the U.S.-Mexico border, declared by President Trump on February 15, 2019. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[63]

Passed (59-41)

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018[edit]

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: First Step Act of 2018 (S 756)

Motion Agreed to (87-12) on December 18, 2018

Proposed making changes to the criminal justice system.^[64]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) on December 11, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[65]

Voted Nay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Nomination Confirmed (50-48) on October 6, 2018

Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States^[66]

Voted Nay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (51-49) on October 5, 2018

Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States^[67]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (86-11, 3/5 majority required) on June 28, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance.^[68]

Voted Nay on: Immigration reform proposal from Sen. Chuck Grassley and the Trump administration (S Amdt 1959 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (39-60, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for 1.8 million individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, limits on chain migration or family-based migration, and eliminating the visa lottery system.^[69]

Voted Yea on: Immigration reform proposal from the Common Sense Coalition (S Amdt 1958 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, and limitations on chain or family-based immigration.^[70]

Voted Nay on: Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act amendment (S Amdt 1948 to S Amdt 1959)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed withholding funding from sanctuary jurisdictions for not cooperating with federal immigration officials.^[71]

Voted Yea on: Coons-McCain immigration plan (S Amdt 1955 to S Amdt 1958)

Cloture Motion Rejected (52-47, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children and conducting a study to determine what border security measures were needed. It also proposed requiring the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to secure the U.S.-Mexico border by 2021.^[72]

Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (S 2311)

Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Rejected (51-46, 3/5 majority required) on January 29, 2018

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill proposed providing exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[73]

Voted Nay on: An amendment to repeal the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it—"Skinny bill" (S Amdt 667 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628 the American Health Care Act of 2017)

Amendment Rejected (49-51) on July 28, 2017

The amendment proposed repealing the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it.^[74]

Voted Nay on: An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271) (S Amdt 271 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Amendment Rejected (45-55) on July 26, 2017

An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271)^[75]

Voted Nay on: Motion to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, including Cruz and Portman amendments (S Amdt 270 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Motion Rejected (43-57, 3/5 majority required) on July 25, 2017

A procedural vote to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017 (BCRA), including the Cruz and Portman amendments.^[76]

Voted Nay on: Motion to begin debate on the American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Motion to Proceed Agreed to (50-50, Vice President voted Yea) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2017.^[77]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(4)—confirmation vote)

Nomination Confirmed (54-45) on April 7, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—confirmation vote.^[78]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(3))

Cloture Motion Agreed to (55-45) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—second vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination under the new precedent requiring only a simple majority to pass.^[79]

Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(2))

Decision of Chair Not Sustained (48-52) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—a vote to keep the Senate precedent of requiring 60 votes to close debate on Supreme Court nominations.^[80]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-45, 3/5 majority required) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—initial vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination.^[81]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Conference Report Agreed to (93-7) on September 18, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[82]

Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Conference Report Agreed to (92-5) on September 12, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[83]

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (85-7) on August 23, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[84]

Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (86-5) on June 25, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[85]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Motion Agreed to (65-32) on March 23, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[86]

Voted Yea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Motion Agreed to (71-28) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018^[87]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-44, 3/5 majority required) on February 8, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[88]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Motion Agreed to (81-18) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[89]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (81-18, 3/5 majority required) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[90]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Rejected (50-49, 3/5 majority required) on January 19, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[91]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Motion Agreed to (66-32, 3/5 majority required) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[92]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Motion Agreed to (51-48) on December 20, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 and proposed changes to the tax code.^[93]

Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes." (HJ Res 123)

Joint Resolution Passed (81-14) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[94]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (51-49) on December 2, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[95]

Voted Nay on: A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Concurrent Resolution Agreed to (51-49) on October 19, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027.^[96]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Motion Agreed to (80-17) on September 7, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[97]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Motion Agreed to (79-18) on May 4, 2017

The $1.2 trillion budget bill proposed funding the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[98]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress." (SJ Res 54)

Joint Resolution Passed (56-41) on December 13, 2018

Proposed removing United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that were not authorized by Congress.^[99]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (89-8) on September 18, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, and to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. On November 15, 2017, the Senate passed the defense policy bill by voice vote. This bill was the result of compromises made in the conference report. For more information on the compromise bill, click here.^[100]^[101]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (98-2) on July 27, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[102]

Voted Yea on: Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 (S 722)

Bill Passed (98-2) on June 15, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[103]

114th Congress[edit]

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[104]^[105] The Senate confirmed 18,117 out of 21,815 executive nominations received (83 percent). For more information pertaining to Kaine's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[106]

Economic and fiscal[edit]

Trade Act of 2015[edit]

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

On May 22, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314, which was used as a legislative vehicle for trade legislation with the titles "Trade Act of 2015" and the "Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015," by a vote of 62-37. The bill proposed giving the president trade promotion authority (TPA). TPA, also known as fast track authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that cannot be amended by Congress. Congress casts a simple up or down vote on a trade agreement, and the legislation only requires a simple majority for approval. The bill also included a statement of trade priorities and provisions for trade adjustment assistance. Kaine voted with 13 other Democratic senators to approve the bill.^[107]^[108]
Trade promotion authority
On June 24, 2015, by a vote of 60-38, the Senate approved trade promotion authority (TPA) as part of HR 2146 - Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act. Kaine was one of 13 Democrats to vote in favor of the bill. After, Senate Republican leadership honored a pledge to support trade adjustment assistance (TAA) by passing the measure as part of HR 1295 - Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 by voice vote. The House passed HR 1295 the following day, on June 25, 2015, and both TPA and TAA were signed into law on June 29, 2015.^[109]^[110]^[111]

2016 Budget proposal[edit]

On May 5, 2015, the Senate voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 51-48. The non-binding resolution will be used to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government before funding runs out on October 1, 2015. The vote marked the first time since 2009 that Congress approved a joint budget resolution. All 44 Democrats, including Kaine, voted against the resolution.^[112]^[113]^[114]

Defense spending authorization[edit]

On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed S 1356 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 91-3. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included "$5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget" and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[115]^[116] Kaine voted with 41 Democrats, 48 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.^[117] On November 5, 2015, the House passed the bill by a vote of 370-58, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[118]

On June 18, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1735 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 71-25. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Kaine voted with 20 Democrats, 49 Republicans and one Independent to approve the bill.^[119] The House passed the bill on May 15, 2015.^[120] President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[121]

2015 budget[edit]

On October 30, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 by a vote of 64-35. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[122] Kaine voted with 43 Democrats, 18 Republicans and two independents in favor of the bill.^[123] It passed the House on October 28, 2015.^[124] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs[edit]

Iran nuclear deal[edit]

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 7, 2015, the Senate voted to approve HR 1191 - A bill to provide for congressional review and oversight of agreements relating to Iran's nuclear program, and for other purposes, by a vote of 98-1. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. All 43 Democratic senators who voted, including Kaine, approved the bill.^[125]^[126]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015
On September 10, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 58-42.^[127] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Kaine voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.^[128]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 follow up votes
On September 15, 2015, the Senate voted for a second time to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 56-42.^[129] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Kaine voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.^[130] The legislation was voted on for a third time on September 17, and it failed for a third time by a vote of 56-42.^[131]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 fourth vote
On September 17, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster a vote on S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640 by a vote of 53-45. The amendment proposed prohibiting "the President from waiving, suspending, reducing, providing relief from, or otherwise limiting the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran."^[132] Kaine voted with 42 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the amendment.^[133]

Domestic[edit]

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015[edit]

On June 2, 2015, the Senate passed HR 2048 - the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 by a vote of 67-32. The legislation revised HR 3199 - the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 by terminating the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Kaine voted with 42 Democrats, 23 Republicans and one Independent to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[134]^[135]

Cyber security[edit]

On October 27, 2015, the Senate passed S 754 - the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 by a vote of 74-21.^[136] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Kaine voted with 29 Democrats, 43 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.^[137]

Immigration[edit]

On October 20, 2015, the Senate voted against proceeding to a vote on S 2146 - the Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act by a vote of 54-45. The bill proposed withholding federal funding from "sanctuary jurisdictions" that violate the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and other federal immigration laws. In addition, the bill proposed increasing "penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed" and providing "liability protection for State and local law enforcement who cooperate with Federal law enforcement."^[138] Kaine voted with 41 Democrats, one Republican and two Independents against proceeding to the bill.^[139]

113th Congress[edit]

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[140] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Kaine's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[141]

National security[edit]

Committee vote on Syria[edit]

See also: United States involvement in Syria

On September 4, 2013, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee narrowly approved an authorization for President Obama to use limited force against Syria. It was approved by a 10-7 vote.^[142]^[143]

The vote came after a three-hour briefing with top Obama administration officials, including Secretary of State John Kerry and James Clapper, the director of national intelligence.^[142]

Of the nine Democratic members and eight Republican members that made up the committee, seven Democrats and three Republicans voted in favor, while five Republicans and two Democrats opposed the authorization.^[144] A single "present" vote was cast by Ed Markey (D). Kaine was one of the seven Democrats who approved the authorization.^[145]

John Brennan CIA nomination[edit]

Kaine voted for the confirmation of John Brennan as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 7, 2013, with a vote of 63 - 34. Most Democrats supported the nomination, while Republicans were somewhat divided with roughly one-third supporting the nomination.^[146]

Economy[edit]

Farm bill[edit]

On February 4, 2014, the Democratic controlled Senate approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.^[147] It passed the Senate with a vote of 68-32. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that will kick in if or when prices drop; however, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.^[148] Kaine joined with 46 other Democratic senators in favor of the bill.

2014 Budget[edit]

On January 16, 2014, the Democratic-controlled Senate approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.^[149]^[150] The Senate voted 72-26 for the 1,582 page bill, with 17 Republicans and 55 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.^[150] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.^[151] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency and left the Affordable Care Act without any drastic cuts. Kaine voted with the Democratic Party in favor of the bill.^[149]^[150]

No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013[edit]

Kaine voted for H.R.325 -- No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. The bill passed the Senate on January 31, 2013, with a vote of 64 - 34. The purpose of the bill was to temporarily suspend the debt ceiling and withhold the pay of members of Congress until a budget could be passed. The vote largely followed party lines with Democrats overwhelmingly supporting it and many Republicans in opposition to the bill.^[152]

Government shutdown[edit]

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

During the shutdown in October 2013, the Senate rejected, down party lines, every House-originated bill that stripped the budget of funding for the Affordable Care Act. A deal was reached late on October 16, 2013, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The bill to reopen the government, H.R. 2775, lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[153] The final vote on H.R. 2775 was 81-18, with all 18 votes against the bill from Republican members. Kaine voted with the Democratic Party for the bill.^[154]

Immigration[edit]

Mexico-U.S. border[edit]

Kaine voted against Senate Amendment 1197 -- Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border. The amendment was rejected by the Senate on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 39 - 54. The purpose of the amendment was to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status. The vote followed party lines.^[155]

Social issues[edit]

Violence Against Women (2013)[edit]

Kaine voted for S.47 -- Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 12, 2013, with a vote of 78 - 22. The purpose of the bill was to combat violence against women, from domestic violence to international trafficking in persons. All 22 dissenting votes were cast by Republicans.^[156]

Elections[edit]

2024[edit]

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Virginia

Incumbent Tim Kaine defeated Hung Cao in the general election for U.S. Senate Virginia on November 5, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tim Kaine (D)	54.4	2,417,115
	Hung Cao (R)	45.4	2,019,911
	Other/Write-in votes	0.2	8,509

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 4,445,535
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Gary Barve (R)
Tiger Xiong (Independent)
Jonathan Hardin (Independent)
Csaba Menezes Rusznak (Independent)

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Tim Kaine advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Virginia.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Virginia

Hung Cao defeated Scott Parkinson, Eddie Garcia, Chuck Smith, and Jonathan Walker Emord in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Virginia on June 18, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Hung Cao	61.8	168,868
	Scott Parkinson	11.0	29,940
	Eddie Garcia	9.8	26,777
	Chuck Smith	8.8	24,108
	Jonathan Walker Emord	8.6	23,614

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 273,307
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Polls[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.^[157] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."^[158] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.

The links below show polls for this race aggregated by FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, where available. Click here to read about FiveThirtyEight's criteria for including polls in its aggregation.

Election campaign finance[edit]

Name	Party	Receipts*	Disbursements**	Cash on hand	Date
Tim Kaine	Democratic Party	$21,763,526	$21,462,964	$2,820,225	As of December 31, 2024
Hung Cao	Republican Party	$9,832,460	$9,517,135	$407,806	As of December 31, 2024
Jonathan Walker Emord	Republican Party	$893,764	$893,031	$733	As of December 31, 2024
Eddie Garcia	Republican Party	$360,969	$356,902	$4,067	As of December 31, 2024
Scott Parkinson	Republican Party	$999,121	$992,104	$7,017	As of December 31, 2024
Chuck Smith	Republican Party	$573,144	$573,144	$0	As of November 19, 2024
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2024. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC). * According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." ** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.

As of Oct. 28, 2024, the two major party candidates had the 16th largest difference in terms of total money raised between major party Senate candidates and the 16th largest difference in terms of total spending. Click here to learn more.

Satellite spending[edit]

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.^[159]^[160]^[161]

If available, this section includes links to online resources tracking satellite spending in this election. To notify us of a resource to add, email us.

By candidate	By election
Tim Kaine Hung Cao	OpenSecrets Federal Election Commission

Race ratings[edit]

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.^[162]
Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.^[163]^[164]^[165]

Race ratings: U.S. Senate election in Virginia, 2024
Race tracker	Race ratings
	November 5, 2024	October 29, 2024	October 22, 2024	October 15, 2024
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic
Decision Desk HQ and The Hill	Likely Democratic	Likely Democratic	Likely Democratic	Likely Democratic
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball	Safe Democratic	Safe Democratic	Safe Democratic	Safe Democratic
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week.

Endorsements[edit]

Ballotpedia did not identify endorsements for Kaine in this election.

2018[edit]

See also: United States Senate election in Virginia, 2018

General election[edit]

Incumbent Tim Kaine defeated Corey Stewart and Matt Waters in the general election for U.S. Senate Virginia on November 6, 2018.

General election for U.S. Senate Virginia

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tim Kaine (D)	57.0	1,910,370
	Corey Stewart (R)	41.0	1,374,313
	Matt Waters (L)	1.8	61,565
	Other/Write-in votes	0.2	5,125

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 3,351,373
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Democratic primary election[edit]

Incumbent Tim Kaine was the only candidate to file for the Democratic primary for U.S. Senator for Virginia. Therefore, the Democratic primary scheduled for June 12, 2018, was canceled.^[166]

Republican primary election[edit]

Corey Stewart defeated Nick Freitas and E.W. Jackson in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Virginia on June 12, 2018.

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Virginia

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Corey Stewart	44.9	136,610
	Nick Freitas	43.1	131,321
	E.W. Jackson	12.0	36,508

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 304,439
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2016[edit]

See also: Tim Kaine vice presidential campaign, 2016

Kaine was the Democratic nominee for vice president in 2016. The Clinton/Kaine ticket lost to Donald Trump and Mike Pence. For more information on Kaine's policy positions, please see: Tim Kaine vice presidential campaign, 2016.

See also: Splits between the Electoral College and popular vote

U.S. presidential election, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes	Electoral votes
	Democratic	Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine	48.3%	65,844,969	227
	Republican	Donald Trump/Mike Pence	46.2%	62,979,984	304
	Libertarian	Gary Johnson/Bill Weld	3.3%	4,492,919	0
	Green	Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka	1.1%	1,449,370	0
	-	Other	1.2%	1,684,908	7
Total Votes				136,452,150	538
Election results via: Ballotpedia

Note: Trump and Clinton were projected to receive 306 and 232 electoral votes, respectively. Seven electors, however, cast votes for other candidates. Read about what happened here. The results listed above are based on reports from state secretary of state offices and election boards.

2012[edit]

See also: United States Senate elections in Virginia, 2012

Kaine ran in the 2012 election for the U.S. Senate, representing Virginia.^[167] He ran unopposed in the Democratic primary and defeated George Allen (R) in the general election.^[168]

On March 22, 2012, Sabato's Crystal Ball analyzed the eight races in the Senate in 2012 that would decide the political fate of which party would end up with control in 2013.^[169] The seat, rated a toss-up, was one that Sabato's Crystal Ball believed was most likely to depend on the outcome of the presidential election in November.^[169] According to the article, the "outcome of this race will largely be determined by which party claims Virginia’s 13 electoral votes in November."^[169]

**U.S. Senate, Virginia General Election, 2012**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Timothy M. Kaine	52.9%	2,010,067
	Republican	George F. Allen	47%	1,785,542
	Write-In	N/A	0.2%	6,587
Total Votes				3,802,196
Source: Virginia State Board of Elections "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

Polls[edit]

George Allen vs. Tim Kaine
Poll	George Allen	Tim Kaine	Some Other Candidate	Undecided	Margin of error	Sample size

Washington Post Poll (October 26,2012)	43%	51%	3%	4%	+/-2.5	1,504
Rasmussen Reports (September 17,2012)	45%	47%	2%	6%	+/-4.5	500
Rasmussen Reports (August 23,2012)	45%	45%	2%	8%	+/-4.5	500
AVERAGES	44.33%	47.67%	2.33%	6%	+/-3.83	834.67
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

2005[edit]

Kaine served as Governor of Virginia from 2005 - 2009.

Cabinet[edit]

Chief of Staff - William Leighty
Secretary of Administration - Viola Baskerville
Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry - Robert Bloxom
Secretary of Commerce and Trade - Patrick Gottschalk
Secretary of the Commonwealth - Katherine Hanley
Secretary of Education - Thomas Morris
Secretary of Finance - Jody Wagner
Secretary of Health and Human Resources - Marilyn Tavenner
Secretary of Natural Resources - Preston Bryant
Secretary of Public Safety - John W. Marshall
Secretary of Technology - Aneesh Chopra
Secretary of Transportation - Pierce Homer
Assistant for Commonwealth Preparedness - Robert P. Crouch
Senior Advisor for Workforce - Daniel G. LeBlanc

2001[edit]

In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, serving under Governor Mark Warner. Kaine defeated Republican Jay Katzen.

Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, 2001
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Tim Kaine	50.3%	925,974
	Republican	Jay K. Katzen	48.1%	883,886
	Libertarian	Gary A. Reams	1.6%	28,783
	Write-In	Various	0%	490
Total Votes				1,839,133
Election results via Virginia State Board of Elections

Campaign themes[edit]

2024[edit]

Ballotpedia survey responses

Tim Kaine did not complete Ballotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign ads[edit]

June 24, 2024

June 24, 2024

View more ads here:

2018[edit]

Campaign website[edit]

Kaine's campaign website stated the following:

“

Good Jobs and a Strong Economy
Tim grew up in a middle class family, working in his dad’s ironworking shop in Kansas City. He knows that our economy is strong when workers and families have access to good paying jobs, higher wages, and the skills to succeed and get ahead.

When Tim was Governor, Virginia was ranked the best state for business — and it’s because we invest in our people, value our diversity, and grow the talented and educated workforce that makes our economy thrive. Tim understands that, to bring more jobs to Virginia, we must have a skilled workforce. He cosponsored the Apprenticeship and Jobs Training Act to give businesses incentives to hire individuals in apprenticeship programs in high-demand fields such as health care, technology or manufacturing. He also introduced the bipartisan JOBS Act to help expand employment in high-demand fields by allowing individuals to use Pell Grants for job training programs.

Tim also wants to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour, and he sponsored the Raise the Wage Act to do just that. He will keep fighting to ensure that 41 million workers, including nearly 786,000 Virginians, can see higher pay by raising the minimum wage.

Health Care for All
Tim is fighting to expand health care for all Virginians.

When President Trump and Republicans in Congress tried to repeal the Affordable Care Act, Tim fought back — standing up for the tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of thousands of Virginians who would have had their health care taken away. Since the ACA was signed into law, more than 400,000 Virginians have gained access to health insurance, and Tim will continue to oppose efforts to roll it back. He will never support eliminating protections for people with pre-existing conditions, and he will continue to ensure that plans provide “essential health benefits,” such as coverage for pregnancy, maternity, newborn care, mental health, and substance use disorders.

Tim also has a plan called Medicare X, which would give all Virginians access to a plan similar to Medicare. This public option would give more Virginians a real choice when it comes to health insurance, at a lower cost. He opposes cuts to Medicare and believes Virginia should expand Medicaid so hundreds of thousands more Virginians can get access to care. Refusing to expand Medicaid would cost Virginia tens of thousands of jobs and tens of millions of dollars. It’s a no-brainer, yet the leading Republican candidates for Senate vocally oppose it.

Tim will also continue to defend the Children’s Health Insurance Program. As Governor, Tim increased the number of children enrolled in CHIP, and more than 68,000 Virginia kids rely on this program for their health care. Earlier this year, after Republicans let CHIP funding lapse, Tim worked hard to help secure a six-year extension of the program.

Tim has also led efforts in the Senate to combat drug addiction, including the opioid and heroin epidemic that threatens Virginia and the rest of the country. He believes new treatments, including medical marijuana, can help address this crisis, and he has fought to expand federal funding for states, like Virginia, to dedicate new resources for drug treatment and prevention.

Civil Rights and Equal Justice
Equality is one of the foundational principles of America — that “all men are created equal” — and Tim has spent his life trying to even the playing field for all people. Tim began his career as a civil rights lawyer, defending people who’d faced racial discrimination from banks, landlords, real estate firms, and local governments. During his time as Governor, he promoted equal protection by banning discrimination against state employees on the basis of race, sex, color, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, age, political affiliation, veteran status or disability.

Tim knows that diversity and inclusion strengthen our communities. That’s why he has been outspoken in opposing President Trump’s agenda to ban Muslims from entering America, deport millions of people who only know America as home, and empower white nationalists who would take Virginia and America backwards. He knows that even though marriage equality is the law of the land, LGBTQ Americans still face many battles in the fight for equality: that’s why he’s fighting to pass workplace protections for LGBTQ citizens, so that no Virginian ever loses their job again because of their sexuality or sexual orientation. He’s been a proud champion of voting rights, sponsoring legislation to restore key provisions of the Voting Rights Act and working to expand early voting and access to the ballot box for all Virginians.

Tackling Gun Violence
Too many of our communities are plagued by gun violence. Tim believes weapons of war have no place on our streets or in our schools, and he proudly boasts an F-rating from the NRA.

Tim is a gun owner and supports the Second Amendment, but he also believes we must take concrete steps to reduce gun violence. He supports universal background checks, banning assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, and improving our mental health system. This is personal for Tim, too. He was governor when the shooting at Virginia Tech took place — and after the shooting, Tim brought Democrats and Republicans together to strengthen the background check system and improve mental health.

Tim authored the Responsible Transfer of Firearms Act, which would hold people responsible for selling or transferring a firearm to someone who is barred by federal law from possessing firearms, and he co-sponsored legislation that would close a loophole which currently allows gun sales to proceed if a background check is not completed after 72 hours.

Supporting Veterans and Our Military
Virginia is home to every branch of the military and the largest naval station in the world. As the father of a Marine, Tim understands that military families, veterans, and service members in Virginia and across the globe face unique challenges. As a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Tim will continue fighting to ensure that we are maintaining our promise to them, that our military has the support and investments it needs to meet its mission, and that we are doing all we can to help veterans transition into civilian life.

The first bill Tim introduced in the Senate was the Troop Talent Act, which eases the transition of service members into the civilian workforce by helping them use the skills they developed in the military to obtain a workforce credential in order get a good job. There are more than 100,000 active duty and reserve members of the military in Virginia, and as co-chair of the Senate Military Family Caucus, Tim has authored bipartisan legislation to tackle military spouse unemployment and access to affordable child care for military families.

Tim believes our country must fulfill its sacred promise to care for those who have served in uniform. That’s why he introduced legislation to improve veterans’ access to quality health care in a timely manner and opposes measures to privatize the VA.

Women’s Equality
For too long, we have undervalued and marginalized women in our society. Tim understands that women in America face a complex set of barriers to achieving true equality and has been a lifelong fighter for advancing women’s equality. As Lieutenant Governor and Governor, Tim made it a priority to update Virginia’s laws on sexual violence and improve the treatment of survivors, and he’s continued to actively support these measures in the Senate.

Tim supports women’s constitutional rights to make their own health care decisions. He opposes efforts to restrict access to contraceptives and defund Planned Parenthood. He was an original co-sponsor of the Protecting Women’s Health from Corporate Interference Act, which would restore the contraceptive coverage requirement guaranteed by the Affordable Care Act.

He supports equal pay for equal work and co-sponsored the Paycheck Fairness Act to ensure men and women are paid equally for the same work. Tim has also passed legislation to help prevent sexual assault and harassment in our schools, colleges, and the military, and he co-sponsored the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act.

Strengthening Public Schools and Education
A good education is the foundation for a successful future, which is why Tim is a champion for our public schools. Tim and his wife Anne sent their three kids to Richmond public schools, so they know firsthand the concerns parents have about their children’s education and the power that good teachers have to change kids’ lives. Tim will fight efforts to divert public school funding to private schools, and he supports raising teacher pay and providing teachers with the tools and resources they need in the classroom.

As Mayor, Tim built four new schools in Richmond, the city’s first new schools in a generation, and increased education spending by 30 percent. As Governor, he worked with the legislature to expand the number of children enrolled in Pre-K by nearly 40 percent, a commitment to expanding and improving education that helped lead to Education Week naming Virginia the state where a child was most likely to have a successful life.

In the Senate, Tim is on the key committee dealing with education issues — the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee — where he has worked to ensure that students have the skills to be successful after high school. Tim believes in the power of career and technical education (CTE) to strengthen links between the classroom and the workplace and to help students gain the skills that will lead to productive, successful lives after graduation, which is why he introduced legislation to help schools recruit and train high-quality CTE teachers. Tim also introduced the PRE-K Act to help more states expand early childhood education, and he supports legislation to help students earn college credits in high school in order to cut the cost of earning a college degree.

Higher Education and Job Training
Tim is fighting to ease the crushing burden of student debt and make higher education and job training available to all Virginians. Tim believes that, if we can pass a $1.5 trillion tax cut for those at the very top, we can find a way to make college debt-free for students who need it — and he recently worked to pass his legislation to help forgive student loans for public service workers, such as teachers, soldiers, and social workers. He also co-sponsored the Fairness for Struggling Students Act, which would make it easier for students to get relief from their private loan debt through bankruptcy.

Ensuring that we have a skilled workforce will not only benefit students but drive new businesses and employers to Virginia. A longtime leader in promoting career and technical education, he is fighting for parity in how we view workforce programs and traditional four-year college, including by expanding Pell Grants to cover short-term job training programs. Tim also created the bipartisan Senate Career and Technical Education Caucus to help more Americans acquire the education and skills to help them find employment and enjoy successful careers, and he supports legislation to foster partnerships between community college and businesses to place more students in good jobs.

Keeping America Safe and Strengthening Diplomacy
Our country is safer when we are strong on the world stage, which is why Tim has consistently spoken out against the Trump administration’s reckless foreign policy and the dangerous actions he’s taken to erode U.S. leadership around the world. He is a leading voice in demanding that presidents — no matter their party — cannot unilaterally wage war without congressional approval.

As a member of the U.S. Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees — and the father of a Marine — Tim knows how important it is to minimize the risk of unnecessary war and maximize the chance that our nation will decisively win any war we must fight. That’s why he’s been an outspoken critic of President Trump’s efforts to undercut diplomacy around the world, and advocated for the U.S. to stand by our diplomatic deals and honor our commitments to the global community.

Fighting for Immigrant Communities
Tim believes that America is made stronger by its diversity, and that the promise of the American Dream is threatened by an anti-immigrant agenda led by the Trump administration. Tim believes we need comprehensive immigration reform and strongly supported legislation that passed the Senate in 2013 to create a path to citizenship and fund border security. During that debate, Tim proudly delivered the first-ever Senate floor speech in Spanish.

Tim has been an outspoken opponent of President Trump’s attempts to ban immigration from Muslim countries, harshly restrict legal immigration, and threaten TPS recipients and Dreamers with deportation. Tim firmly believes immigrants enrich our society and bring skills and talents that help ensure we remain competitive in a global economy. That’s why he is a strong supporter of the Dream Act and has been working with his colleagues to find a solution to protect Dreamers and TPS recipients from deportation.

Standing With Our Seniors
Seniors should not spend their later years worrying about their economic security or whether they will have access to good health care. Tim has consistently opposed measures to gut Social Security and remove Medicare funding.

On Medicare’s 49th anniversary, Tim spoke on the Senate floor about the importance of the program, calling it “one of the best programs that this nation has ever embraced.” He is also a sponsor of legislation to reduce the cost of prescription drugs for seniors by letting Medicare negotiate drug prices.

Tim supports increasing funding for Alzheimer’s research, introduced an Alzheimer’s caregivers bill, and opposes federal cuts to the Meals on Wheels program. He has also worked closely with Senator Mark Warner to provide funding for the building of additional senior facilities in Virginia.

Protecting Our Environment
Climate change imperils our planet’s future and threatens our economy. Tim believes that protecting our natural resources and environment are critical for our long-term health, safety and prosperity. That’s why he is fighting the Trump administration’s efforts to gut federal environmental protections, including for clean air and water, and speaking out against President Trump’s decision to abandon U.S. leadership by withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement.

Tim opposes offshore drilling in Virginia. He is fighting the Trump administration’s attempt to ignore the voices of Virginians by rushing through the process to open the waters of our coastlines to drilling. Tim has also been critical of how the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved the Mountain Valley and Atlantic Coast Pipelines and has called for FERC to rehear arguments and conduct another vote on the Atlantic Coast Pipeline.

Tim will continue to fight the Trump administration’s decision to abandon the Clean Power Plan, a move that harms the transition toward clean and renewable energy. Virginia is uniquely threatened by sea level rise, which is why Tim has introduced legislation to make regions like Hampton Roads more resilient in the face of flooding and extreme weather events. He is also a longtime champion for restoring the Chesapeake Bay. ^[170]

”

—Tim Kaine’s campaign website (2018)^[171]

2012[edit]

According to Kaine's website, some of his campaign themes included:

Economy: "Small businesses and their owners remain the innovators and backbone of our economy...find ways to support the entrepreneurs and risk takers."
Energy: "America’s long-term goal should be to expand the use of low-polluting forms of energy."
Healthcare: "I support the Affordable Care Act as a first step to put patients in charge of their health care decisions and put the brakes on runaway health care costs that were crippling patients and businesses."^[172]

Campaign finance summary[edit]

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Tim Kaine campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2024*	U.S. Senate Virginia	Won general	$21,763,526	$21,462,964
2018	U.S. Senate Virginia	Won general	$21,963,598	$19,571,406
Grand total			$43,727,124	$41,034,370
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* Data from this year may not be complete

Notable endorsements[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Tim Kaine
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Kamala D. Harris ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2024)	Primary	Lost General
Babur Lateef ^source (Nonpartisan)	Prince William County Public Schools, Chairman (2023)	General	Won General
Dustin R. Keith ^source (Independent)	Russell County Public Schools, At-large (2023)	General	–
Joel Griffin ^source (D)	Virginia State Senate District 27 (2023)	General	Lost General
Joe Biden ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2020)	Primary	Won General
Hillary Clinton ^source (D)	President of the United States (2016)	Primary	Lost General

Personal Gain Index[edit]

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth[edit]

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Kaine's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $713,048 to $2,045,000. That averages to $1,379,024, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic Senate members in 2012 of $13,566,333.90. Kaine ranked as the 59th most wealthy senator in 2012.^[173] Between 2011 and 2012, Kaine‘s calculated net worth^[174] increased by an average of 24 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.^[175]

Tim Kaine Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2011	$1,109,502
2012	$1,379,024
Growth from 2011 to 2012:	24%
Average annual growth:	24%^[176]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.^[177]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric[edit]

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). In the 113th Congress, Kaine was the chair of the Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection, and Peace Corps. Kaine received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 2011-2014, 30.56 percent of Kaine's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.^[178]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png

Tim Kaine Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$18,788,923
Total Spent	$18,294,295
Chair of the Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection, and Peace Corps
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms	$2,116,121
Retired	$1,868,985
Securities & Investment	$700,816
Real Estate	$538,444
Education	$516,615
% total in top industry	11.26%
% total in top two industries	21.21%
% total in top five industries	30.56%

Analysis[edit]

Ideology and leadership[edit]

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Kaine was a centrist Democratic follower as of August 26, 2014.^[179] This was the same rating Kaine received in August 2013.^[180]

Like-minded colleagues[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.^[181]

Kaine most often votes with:

Kaine least often votes with:

Lifetime voting record[edit]

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Kaine missed 9 of 927 roll call votes from January 2013 to September 2015. This amounts to 1 percent, which is better than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.^[182]

National Journal vote ratings[edit]

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013[edit]

Kaine was one of two members of the Senate who ranked 35th in the liberal rankings in 2013.^[183]

Voting with party[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014[edit]

Tim Kaine voted with the Democratic Party 92.5 percent of the time, which ranked 39th among the 53 Senate Democratic members as of August 2014.^[184]

2013[edit]

Tim Kaine voted with the Democratic Party 91.7 percent of the time, which ranked 40th among the 53 Senate Democratic members as of July 2013.^[185]

Personal[edit]

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Kaine and his wife Anne have three children together.^[186]

External links[edit]

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. Senate Virginia

Officeholder

U.S. Senate Virginia

Footnotes[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by Jim Webb (D)	U.S. Senate Virginia 2013-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	Governor of Virginia 2006-2010	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	Lieutenant Governor of Virginia 2002-2006	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	Mayor of Richmond	Succeeded by -

[show]

Virginia's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Tim Kaine (D)

Mark Warner (D)

Representatives

District 1

Rob Wittman (R)

District 2

Jennifer Kiggans (R)

District 3

Bobby Scott (D)

District 4

Jennifer McClellan (D)

District 5

John McGuire (R)

District 6

Benjamin Lee Cline (R)

District 7

Eugene Vindman (D)

District 8

Donald Sternoff Beyer (D)

District 9

H. Morgan Griffith (R)

District 10

Suhas Subramanyam (D)

District 11

Gerald Edward Connolly (D)

Democratic Party (8)

Republican Party (5)

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[2] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Kaine, Timothy Michael (Tim)," accessed July 22, 2016

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[12] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

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[22] Congress.gov, "H.R.7024 - Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[23] Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[24] Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[25] Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[26] Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022

[27] Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[28] Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[29] Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[30] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[31] Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[32] Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[33] Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[34] Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[35] Congress.gov, "H.R.3076 - Postal Service Reform Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[36] Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[37] Congress.gov, "H.R.5305 - Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act," accessed January 23, 2023

[38] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[39] Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[40] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022

[41] Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[42] Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[43] Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed March 22, 2024

[44] Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[45] Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[46] Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[47] Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[48] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[49] Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[50] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[51] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[52] Congress.gov, "S.1 - Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[53] Congress.gov, "H.R.8337 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[54] Congress.gov, "H.R.1158 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[55] Congress.gov, "H.R.3055 - Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[56] Congress.gov, "H.R.1327 - Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[57] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024

[58] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024

[59] Congress.gov, “H.R.5430 - United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act,” accessed April 28, 2024

[60] Congress.gov, "S.151 - Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act" accessed April 28, 2024

[61] Congress.gov, "H.R.3401 - Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019,' accessed April 28, 2024

[62] Congress.gov, "H.R.2157 - Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019," accessed April 28, 2024

[63] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.46 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.," accessed April 28, 2024

[64] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018

[65] Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018

[66] Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018

[67] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018

[68] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018

[69] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018

[70] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018

[71] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018

[72] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018

[73] Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018

[74] Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017

[75] Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017

[76] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017

[77] Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017

[78] U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017

[79] U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017

[80] U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017

[81] U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017

[82] Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018

[83] Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018

[84] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018

[85] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018

[86] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018

[87] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018

[88] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018

[89] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018

[90] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018

[91] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018

[92] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017

[93] Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017

[94] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017

[95] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017

[96] Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017

[97] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017

[98] U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017

[99] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018

[100] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017

[finalndaa-101] The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017

[102] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017

[103] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017

[104] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015

[105] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017

[106] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015

[107] Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015

[108] Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015

[109] Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015

[110] The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015

[111] The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015

[112] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015

[113] Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015

[114] The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015

[115] The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015

[116] Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015

[117] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015

[118] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015

[119] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015

[120] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015

[121] Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015

[122] Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015

[123] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015

[124] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015

[125] Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015

[126] Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015

[127] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 10, 2015

[128] Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015

[129] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015

[130] Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015

[vote3-131] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015

[132] Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015

[samdt2656vote-133] Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015

[134] Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015

[135] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015

[s754-136] Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015

[137] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015

[138] Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015

[139] Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015

[140] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013

[141] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014

[committeevote-142] 142.0 ^142.1 Politico, "Senate panel approves Syria measure," accessed September 5, 2013

[143] USA Today, "Senate committee approves Syria attack resolution," accessed September 5, 2013

[syriacommitteevote-144] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named syriacommitteevote

[145] Politico, "How Senate Foreign Relations Committee members voted on Syria," accessed September 5, 2013

[146] Project Vote Smart, "PN 48 - Nomination of John Brennan to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013

[147] Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013)," accessed February 12, 2014

[farm-148] NY Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014

[polsenate-149] 149.0 ^149.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014

[vote-150] 150.0 ^150.1 ^150.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014

[151] Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014

[152] Project Vote Smart, "HR 325 - To Ensure the Complete and Timely Payment of the Obligations of the United States Government Until May 19, 2013 - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013

[153] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

[154] Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013

[155] Project Vote Smart, "S Amdt 1197 - Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013

[156] Project Vote Smart, "S 47 - Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013

[157] For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.

[158] Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016

[definition-159] OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021

[stats-160] OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021

[161] National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," December 12, 2021

[162] Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.

[163] Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018

[164] Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018

[165] Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018

[166] Virginia Department of Elections, "Certified Candidates in Ballot Order for June 12, 2018 Primary Elections," accessed January 15, 2019

[167] The Hill, "Kaine announcement launches premier Senate race of 2012," accessed January 6, 2012

[cnnr-168] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cnnr

[sabato-169] 169.0 ^169.1 ^169.2 Center for Politics, "Tilting the Toss Ups – the Eight Races That Will Decide the Senate," accessed April 9, 2012

[quotedisclaimer-170] Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[171] Tim Kaine’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed October 18, 2018

[172] Kaine for Virginia, "Issues," accessed October 17, 2012

[173] OpenSecrets, "Kaine, 2012," accessed January 14, 2014

[174] This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).

[175] This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.

[176] This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.

[177] This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.

[178] OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Tim Kaine," accessed October 2, 2014

[179] GovTrack, "Tim Kaine," accessed August 26, 2014

[180] GovTrack, "Tim Kaine," accessed August 1, 2013

[181] OpenCongress, "Rep. Tim Kaine," archived February 25, 2016

[182] GovTrack, "Sen. Timothy Kaine (D)," accessed September 28, 2015

[183] National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed August 26, 2014

[184] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

[185] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

[186] Kaine for Virginia, "About," accessed October 17, 2012

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