Swami

Short description: Honorific title for Hindu monks; Indian surname

Swami (Sanskrit: स्वामी svāmī [sʋaːmiː]; sometimes abbreviated sw.) in Hinduism is an honorific title given to a male or female ascetic who has chosen the path of renunciation (sanyāsa),^[1] or has been initiated into a religious monastic order of Vaishnavas.^[2] It is used either before or after the subject's name (usually an adopted religious name).

The meaning of the Sanskrit root of the word swami is "[he who is] one with his self" (swa stands for "self"),^[3] and can roughly be translated as "he/she who knows and is master of himself/herself".^[1] The term is often attributed to someone who has achieved mastery of a particular yogic system or demonstrated profound devotion (bhakti) to one or more Hindu gods.^[1] The Oxford English Dictionary gives the etymology as:^[4]

Hindi svāmī 'master, lord, prince', used by Hindus as a term of respectful address, < Sanskrit svāmin in same senses, also the idol or temple of a god.

As a direct form of address, or as a stand-in for a swami's name, it is often rendered Swamiji (also Swami-ji or Swami Ji).

In modern Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Swami is also one of the 108 names for a sannyasi given in Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's Gaudiya Kanthahara, along with Goswami, also traditionally used as an honorific title.^[5]

Swami is also the surname of the Bairagi caste in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. In Bengali, the word (pronounced [ˈʃami]), while carrying its original meaning, also has the meaning of "husband" in another context. The word also means "husband" in Malay, in which it is spelled suami,^[6] and in Khmer, Assamese and Odiya. The Thai word for "husband", sami (สามี) or swami (สวามี) is a cognate word.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Boeving, Nicholas Grant (2014). "Swamis". in Leeming, David A.. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Springer Verlag. pp. 1760–1761. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_673. ISBN 978-1-4614-6087-9.
↑ Brewer, E. Cobham (2009). Rockwood, Camilla. ed. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. London: Chambers Harrap. "Swami" entry. ISBN 9780550104113. .
↑ Yogananda, Paramhamsa (1997). Autobiography of a Yogi. Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House. p. 14. ^{[unreliable source?]}
↑ "swami". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2011. http://oed.com/view/Entry/195404?rskey=Cbewbm&result=1.
↑ Narasingha, Bhakti Gaurava. "Bhaktivedanta". https://gosai.com/writings/bhaktivedanta.
↑ "Istilah Malaysia". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Search.aspx?k=suami.

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[Boeving-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Boeving, Nicholas Grant (2014). "Swamis". in Leeming, David A.. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Springer Verlag. pp. 1760–1761. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_673. ISBN 978-1-4614-6087-9.

[2] Brewer, E. Cobham (2009). Rockwood, Camilla. ed. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. London: Chambers Harrap. "Swami" entry. ISBN 9780550104113. .

[3] Yogananda, Paramhamsa (1997). Autobiography of a Yogi. Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House. p. 14. ^{[unreliable source?]}

[4] "swami". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2011. http://oed.com/view/Entry/195404?rskey=Cbewbm&result=1.

[5] Narasingha, Bhakti Gaurava. "Bhaktivedanta". https://gosai.com/writings/bhaktivedanta.

[6] "Istilah Malaysia". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Search.aspx?k=suami.

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Swami

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