Hydration Isomerism

In coordination chemistry, hydration isomerism is a kind of isomerism that is observed in some solids. Hydration isomers have identical formula but differ with respect to the numbers of water ligands.

Examples

One example is the pair [CrCl(H
2O)
5]Cl
2•H
2O and [Cr(H
2O)
6]Cl
3.^[1] The former has one water of crystallization but the latter does not.

Another example is the pair of titanium(III) chlorides, [Ti(H
2O)
6]Cl
3 and [Ti(H
2O)
4Cl
2]Cl(H
2O)
2. The former is violet and the latter, with two molecules of water of crystallization, is green.^[2]

References

↑ Barbier, J. P.; Kappenstein, C.; Hugel, R. (1972). "The Hydration Isomers of Chromium(III) Chloride". Journal of Chemical Education 49 (3): 204. doi:10.1021/ed049p204. Bibcode: 1972JChEd..49..204B.
↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 965. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

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[1] Barbier, J. P.; Kappenstein, C.; Hugel, R. (1972). "The Hydration Isomers of Chromium(III) Chloride". Journal of Chemical Education 49 (3): 204. doi:10.1021/ed049p204. Bibcode: 1972JChEd..49..204B.

[2] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 965. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

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