2046 Leningrad

2046 Leningrad
Discovery
Discovered by	T. Smirnova
Discovery site	Crimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date	22 October 1968
Designations
MPC designation	(2046) Leningrad
Named after	Saint Petersburg; (Russian city)
Alternative designations	1968 UD1 · 1929 VK; 1934 RK · 1940 UF; 1955 HN · 1957 YV; 1973 QS · 1973 SH3
Minor planet category	main-belt · Themis
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	87.51 yr (31,964 days)
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	3.7227 AU
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	2.5902 AU
Semi-major axis	3.1565 AU
Eccentricity	0.1794
Orbital period	5.61 yr (2,048 days)
Mean anomaly	288.85°
Mean motion	0° 10m 32.88s / day
Inclination	2.7356°
Longitude of ascending node	73.570°
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	284.26°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	23.55 km (calculated); 23.968±0.292 km; 27.67±0.67 km
Rotation period	5.296±0.003 h
Geometric albedo	0.060±0.003; 0.08 (assumed); 0.085±0.017
Spectral type	C
Absolute magnitude (H)	11.15±0.23 · 11.4 · 11.5

2046 Leningrad, provisional designation 1968 UD₁, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 October 1968, by Soviet astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.^[9] The asteroid was named for the Soviet city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).^[2]

Orbit and classification

Leningrad is a member of the Themis family, a dynamical family of carbonaceous asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits, located in the outer-belt main. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,048 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1]

The body's observation arc begins 39 years prior to its official discovery observation, with a precovery taken at Lowell Observatory in October 1929. One week later, the asteroid was identified as 1929 VK at Lowell Observatory.^[9]

Lightcurves

In August 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Leningrad was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory (E09). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.296 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 magnitude ({{{1}}}).^[7]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Leningrad measures 23.968 and 27.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.060 and 0.085, respectively.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for Themistian asteroids of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 23.55 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.5.^[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named for Saint Petersburg, the second largest city of Russia after Moscow. During the Soviet Union, the city was named "Leningrad" between 1924 and 1991. It was also called Petrograd during 1914–1924.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1980 (M.P.C. 5282).^[10]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2046 Leningrad (1968 UD1)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002046. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2046) Leningrad". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2046) Leningrad. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 166. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2047. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 "LCDB Data for (2046) Leningrad". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2046|Leningrad. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Simpson, Gary; Chong, Elena; Gerhardt, Michael; Gorsky, Sean; Klaasse, Matthew; Kodalen, Brian et al. (July 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2012 August - October". The Minor Planet Bulletin 40 (3): 146–151. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40..146S. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40..146S. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 "2046 Leningrad (1968 UD1)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2046. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

External links

Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
2046 Leningrad at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
2046 Leningrad at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2046 Leningrad. Read more

[jpldata-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2046 Leningrad (1968 UD1)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002046. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[springer-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2046) Leningrad". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2046) Leningrad. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 166. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2047. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

[lcdb-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 "LCDB Data for (2046) Leningrad". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2046|Leningrad. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[WISE-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M.

[Masiero-2011-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[AKARI-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)

[Simpson-2013-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Simpson, Gary; Chong, Elena; Gerhardt, Michael; Gorsky, Sean; Klaasse, Matthew; Kodalen, Brian et al. (July 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2012 August - October". The Minor Planet Bulletin 40 (3): 146–151. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40..146S. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40..146S. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[Veres-2015-8] Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[MPC-Leningrad-9] 9.0 ^9.1 "2046 Leningrad (1968 UD1)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2046. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[MPC-Circulars-Archive-10] "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html. Retrieved 29 June 2017.