Comparison Of Retired Orbital Launch Vehicles

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Retired orbital launch vehicles have been instrumental in the history of space exploration, enabling the deployment of satellites, scientific instruments, and crewed missions. Representing decades of technological progress, these systems reflect the contributions of various nations, including the United States, Soviet Union, members of the European Space Agency (ESA), China, India, and Japan. The specifications, achievements, and legacy of these vehicles illustrate the foundations upon which modern space launch technologies have been built.

Retired rockets

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Mass to ... (kg) Reuse Launches
(+ suborbital) 		Launch Sites Date of flight
LEO GTO Other First Last
Antares 110–130  United States Orbital 40.5-41.9 m 5,100[1] 1,500 to SSO No 5[1] United States MARS 2013 2014
Antares 230 / 230+  United States Northrop Grumman 42.5 m 8,200[1] 3,000 to SSO[lower-alpha 1] No 13 United States MARS 2016 2023
Ariane 1  Europe Aérospatiale 49.1 m 1,830[2] No 11[2] France CSG 1979 1986
Ariane 2  Europe Aérospatiale 49.1 m 2,270[2] No 6[2] France CSG 1986 1989
Ariane 3  Europe Aérospatiale 49.1 m 2,650[2] No 11[2] France CSG 1984 1989
Ariane 4 40  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 4,600[2] 2,105 2,740 to SSO No 7[2] France CSG 1990 1999
Ariane 4 42L  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 7,000[2] 3,480 4,500 to SSO No 13[2] France CSG 1993 2002
Ariane 4 42P  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 6,000[2] 2,930 3,400 to SSO No 15[2] France CSG 1990 2002
Ariane 4 44L  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 7,000[2] 4,720 6,000 to SSO No 40[2] France CSG 1989 2003
Ariane 4 44LP  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 7,000[2] 4,220 5,000 to SSO No 26[2] France CSG 1988 2001
Ariane 4 44P  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 6,500[2] 3,465 4,100 to SSO No 15[2] France CSG 1991 2001
Ariane 5 G  Europe EADS Astrium 47.5 m 18,000[3] 6,900[3] No 16[3] France CSG 1996 2003
Ariane 5 G+  Europe EADS Astrium 47.8 m 7,100[3] No 3[3] France CSG 2004 2004
Ariane 5 GS  Europe EADS Astrium 47.8 m 16,000[4] 6,600[3] No 6[3] France CSG 2005 2009[5]
Ariane 5 ES  Europe EADS Astrium 50.7 m 21,000[6] 8,000[3] No 8[3] France CSG 2008 2018
Ariane 5 ECA  Europe EADS Astrium 52.6 m 21,000[6] 11,210[7] No 84 France CSG 2002 2023
ASLV  India ISRO[8] 23.5 m 150[9] No 4[9] India SDSC 1987 1994
Athena I LLV-1  United States Lockheed Martin 18.4 m 500 No 1 United States VAFB 1995 1995
Athena I  United States Lockheed Martin 18.9 m 795[10] 515 No 3 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS,
United States KLC 		1997 2001
Athena II  United States Lockheed Martin 28.2 m 1,800[11] No 3[12] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1998 1999[13]
Atlas-Able  United States General Dynamics 28 m ~175 to TLI No 3 United States CCSFS 1959 1960
Atlas-Agena  United States Convair/General Dynamics 36 m 1,000 390 to TLI No 109 United StatesVAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1960 1978
Atlas-Centaur  United States Lockheed 36.2-38.8 m 1,134[14] 2,222[15] No 148 United States CCSFS 1962 1983
Atlas B  United States Lockheed Martin 24.9 m ~4,000 No 10 United States CCSFS 1958 1959
Atlas-D OV1  United States Convair/General Dynamics 25.9 m 1,400 No 7 United States VAFB 1965 1967
Atlas E/F-Agena  United States Convair/General Dynamics/Lockheed 34 m 1,000 390 to TLI No 1 United States VAFB 1978 1978
Atlas E/F-Altair-3A  United States Convair/General Dynamics 27.3 m 210 No 1 United States VAFB 1990 1990
Atlas E/F-Burner-2  United States Convair/General Dynamics 28.9 m 950 No 1 United States VAFB 1972 1972
Atlas E/F-MSD  United States Convair/General Dynamics 27.3 m 800 No 4 United States VAFB 1976 1980
Atlas E/F-OIS  United States Convair/General Dynamics 28.7 m 870 No 2 United States VAFB 1979 1985
Atlas E/F-OV1  United States Convair/General Dynamics 26.5 m 363 No 4 United States VAFB 1968 1971
Atlas E/F-PTS  United States Convair/General Dynamics 26.5 m 295 No 1 United States VAFB 1974 1974
Atlas E/F-SGS-1  United States Convair/General Dynamics 29 m 450 No 8 United States VAFB 1977 1981
Atlas E/F-SGS-2  United States Convair/General Dynamics 29 m 770 No 4 United States VAFB 1983 1985
Atlas E/F-Star-17A  United States Convair/General Dynamics 27.4 m N/A 800 to MPEO No 1 United States VAFB 1975 1975
Atlas E/F-Star-37S  United States Convair/General Dynamics 29 m N/A 1,100 to SSO No 19 United States VAFB 1978 1995
Atlas-F Agena-D  United States Convair/General Dynamics 34 m N/A 2,300 to Polar No 1 United States VAFB 1978 1978
Atlas G  United States Lockheed 43.9 m 5,900[16] 2,222 1,179 to HCO[16] No 7[16] United States CCSFS 1984 1989
Atlas H MSD  United States Lockheed 27 m 3,630[17] No 5 United States VAFB 1983 1987
Atlas LV-3B  United States Convair 28.7 m 1,360 No 9 United States CCSFS 1960 1963
Atlas SLV-3  United States Convair 33.3 m No 63 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1966 1983
Atlas SLV-3 Burner-2  United States Convair 30.3 m ~1,000 No 1 United States VAFB 1968 1968
Atlas I  United States Lockheed Martin 43.9 m 5,900[16] 2,340[16] No 11[16] United States CCSFS 1990 1997
Atlas II  United States Lockheed Martin 47.5 m 6,780[16] 2,810 2,000 to HCO[16] No 10[16] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1991 1998
Atlas IIA  United States Lockheed Martin 47.5 m 7,316[16] 3,180 2,160 to HCO[16] No 23[16] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1992 2002
Atlas IIAS  United States Lockheed Martin 49 m 8,618[16] 3,833 2,680 to HCO[16] No 30[16] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1993 2004
Atlas IIIA  United States Lockheed Martin 52.5 m 8,686[16] 4,060 2,970 to HCO[16] No 2[16] United States CCSFS 2000 2004
Atlas IIIB/DEC  United States Lockheed Martin 53.7 m 10,759[16] 4,609[16] No 1[16] United States CCSFS 2002 2002
Atlas IIIB/SEC  United States Lockheed Martin 54.7 m 10,218[18] 4,193[16] No 3[16] United States CCSFS 2003 2005
Atlas V 401  United States ULA 57.3 m 9,050[19] 4,950 6,670 to SSO No 41[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2002 2022
Atlas V 411  United States ULA 58.2 m 9,050[19] 6,075 8,495 to SSO No 6[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2006 2020
Atlas V 421  United States ULA 59.1 m 9,050[19] 7,000 9,050 to SSO No 9[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2007 2022
Atlas V 431  United States ULA 59.1 m 9,050[19] 7,800 9,050 to SSO No 3[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2005 2016
Atlas V 501  United States ULA 62.5 m 8,250[19] 3,970 5,945 to SSO
1,500 to GEO 		No 8[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2010 2023
Atlas V 511  United States ULA 62.5 m 11,000[19] 5,250 7,820 to SSO

1,750 to GEO

No 1[20] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2022 2022
Atlas V 521  United States ULA 59.7 m 13,300[19] 6,485 9,585 to SSO

2,760 to GEO

No 2[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2003 2004
Atlas V 531  United States ULA 59.7 m 15,300[19] 7,425 11,160 to SSO

3,250 to GEO

No 5[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2010 2022
Atlas V 541  United States ULA 59.7 m 17,100[19] 8,240 12,435 to SSO

3,730 to GEO

No 9[19] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2011 2022
Black Arrow  United Kingdom RAE 13 m 73[21] No 2 (+2) Australia WRC 1969[lower-alpha 2] 1971
Blue Scout II  United States Vought 24 m 30 No 3 United States CCSFS 1961 1961
Ceres-1 (1)[lower-alpha 3]  China Galactic Energy 18.5 m 350 No 1 China JSLC 2020 2020
Ceres-1 (2)[lower-alpha 3]  China Galactic Energy 19.5 m 400 No 1 China JSLC 2021 2021
Commercial Titan III  United States Martin Marietta 47.3 m 13,100[22] No 4 United States CCSFS 1990 1992
Conestoga 1620  United States Space Services 15.2 m 1179 No 1 United States MARS 1995 1995
Diamant A  France SEREB 18.9 m 80 No 4 France CIEES 1965 1967
Diamant B  France SEREB 23.5 m 115 No 5 France CSG 1970 1973
Diamant BP4  France SEREB 21.6 m 153 No 3 France CSG 1975 1975
Delta 0300  United States McDonnell Douglas 34 m 340[23] 747 to SSO[24] No 3[25] United States VAFB 1972 1973[26]
Delta 0900  United States McDonnell Douglas 34 m 1,300[27] 818 to SSO[25] No 2[25] United States VAFB 1972 1972
Delta 1410  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 340[28] No 1[25] United States VAFB 1975 1975
Delta 1604  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 390[29] No 2[25] United States CCSFS 1972 1973
Delta 1900  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,800[25] No 1[25] United States VAFB 1973 1973
Delta 1910  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,066[30] No 1[25] United States CCSFS 1975 1975
Delta 1913  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 328[31] No 1[25] United States CCSFS 1973 1973
Delta 1914  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 680[32] No 2[25] United States CCSFS 1972 1973
Delta 2310  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 336[33] No 3[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1974 1981
Delta 2313  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 243 to GEO[34] No 3[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1974 1977
Delta 2910  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,887[25] No 6[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1975 1978
Delta 2913  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 2,000[35] 700[35] No 6[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1975 1976
Delta 2914  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 724[25] No 30[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1974 1979
Delta 3910  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 2,494[25] 1,154 with PAM-D No 10[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1980 1988
Delta 3913  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 816[36] No 1[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1981 1981
Delta 3914  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 954[25] No 13[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1975 1987
Delta 3920  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 3,452[25] 1,284 with PAM-D No 10[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1982 1989
Delta 3924  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,104[25] No 4[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1982 1984
Delta 4925  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 3,400[37] 1,312[25] No 2[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1989 1990
Delta 5920  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 3,848[38] No 1[25] United States VAFB 1989 1989
Delta II 6920  United States McDonnell Douglas 38.8 m 3,983[25] No 3[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1990 1992
Delta II 6925  United States McDonnell Douglas 39.4 m 1,447 1,447[25] No 14[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1989 1992
Delta II 7320  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 38.9 m 2,865[25] 1,651 to SSO No 12[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1999 2015
Delta II 7326  United States Boeing IDS 38.4 m 934[25] 636 to TLI

629 to HCO

No 3[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1998 2001
Delta II 7420  United States ULA 39 m 3,185[25] 1,966 to SSO No 14[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1998 2018
Delta II 7425  United States Boeing IDS 39 m 1,100[25] 804 to HCO No 4[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1998 2002
Delta II 7426  United States Boeing IDS 39 m 1,058[25] 734 to TLI

711 to HCO

No 1[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1999 1999
Delta II 7920  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39.4 m 5,030[25] 3,123 to SSO No 29[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1998 2017
Delta II 7925  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39.4 m 1,819[25] 1,177 to TLI

1,265 to HCO

No 69[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1990 2009
Delta II-H 7920H  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39 m 6,097[25] No 3[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2003 2011
Delta II-H 7925H  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39.8 m 2,171 1,508 to HCO[25] No 3[25] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2003 2007
Delta III 8930  United States Boeing IDS 39 m 8,292[25] 3,810 No 3[25] United States CCSFS 1998 2000
Delta IV Heavy  United States ULA 72 m 28,370[39] 14,210[39] 23,560 to polar [39]

11,290 to TLI 8,000 to TMI

No 16[40] United StatesVAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2004 2024
Delta IV M  United States Boeing IDS 61.3 m 9,440[39] 4,440 7,690 to polar No 3[40] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2003 2006
Delta IV M+(4,2)  United States ULA 61.3 m 13,140[39] 6,390 10,250 to polar No 14[40] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2002 2019
Delta IV M+(5,2)  United States ULA 65.5 m 11,470[39] 5,490 9,600 to polar No 3[40] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2012 2018
Delta IV M+(5,4)  United States ULA 65.5 m 14,140[39] 7,300 11,600 to polar No 8[40] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2009 2019
Dnepr  Ukraine Yuzhmash 34.3 m 3,700[41] No 22[41] KazakhstanBaikonur,
Russia Yasny 		1999 2015[42]
Energia[lower-alpha 4]  Soviet Union NPO Energia 58.8 m 105,000 20,000 to GEO[43]

32,000 to TLI[43]

No 1 (failed to orbit) Soviet Union Baikonur 1987 1987
Energia-Buran  Soviet Union NPO Energia

NPO Molniya

58.8 m 30,000[43][lower-alpha 5] Yes 1 Soviet Union Baikonur 1988 1988
Epsilon  Japan IHI[44] 24.4 m 1,200 N/A 450 to SSO No 1 Japan KSC 2013 2022
Epsilon (enhanced)  Japan IHI[44] 26 m 1,500[45] N/A 590 to SSO[45] No 6[45] Japan KSC
Europa I  Europe ELDO 31.7 m 1,440 200 No 3 Australia WRC 1968 1970
Europa II  Europe ELDO 31.7 m 360 No 1 France CSG 1971 1971
Falcon 1  United States SpaceX 21 m 470[46] No 5[46] United States Omelek 2006 2009
Falcon 9 v1.0  United States SpaceX 54.9 m 9,000 3,400 No 5 United States CCSFS 2010 2013
Falcon 9 v1.1  United States SpaceX 68.4 m 13,150[47][lower-alpha 6] 4,850[47] No 15[48] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		2013 2016
Falcon 9 Full Thrust  United States SpaceX 70.8 m 17,400[49] 5,500[49] 9,600 to polar[50] Yes 36 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS,
United States KSC 		2015 2018
22,800[49] 8,300[49] No
Feng Bao 1  China Shanghai Bureau No.2 33 m 2,500[51] No 8 (+3)[52] China JSLC 1972 1981
GSLV Mk.I(a)  India ISRO 49.1 m 5,000[53] 1,540[54] No 1[54] India SDSC 2001 2001
GSLV Mk.I(b)  India ISRO 49.1 m 5,000[53] 2,150[54] No 4[54] India SDSC 2003 2007
GSLV Mk.I(c)  India ISRO 49.1 m 5,000[53] No 1[54] India SDSC 2010 2010
H-I  Japan

 United States

Mitsubishi 42 m 1,400[55] No 9 Japan TNSC 1986 1992
H-II / IIS  Japan Mitsubishi 49 m 10,060[56] 4,000[57] No 7[57] Japan TNSC 1994 1999
H-IIA 202  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 10,000[58] 4,000[58] 5,100 to SSO[lower-alpha 7] No 35[60] Japan TNSC 2001 2025
H-IIA 204  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 15,000 5,950[61]: 48  No 5[62] Japan TNSC 2006 2021
H-IIA 2022  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 4,500[62] No 3[62] Japan TNSC 2005 2007
H-IIA 2024  Japan Mitsubishi 57 m 11,000[63] 5,000[62] No 7[62] Japan TNSC 2002 2008
H-IIB  Japan Mitsubishi 56.6 m 16,500 (ISS)[64] 8,000 No 8[65] Japan TNSC 2009 2020
Hyperbola-1 (1)[lower-alpha 8]  China i-Space 20.9 m 260 No 1 China JSLC 2019 2019
Juno I  United States Chrysler 21.2 m 11 No 1 United States CCSFS 1958 1959
Juno II  United States Chrysler 24 m 41 6 to TLI No 10 United States CCSFS 1958 1961
Kaituozhe-1  China CALT 13.6 m 40 No 2 China JSLC 2002 2003
Kaituozhe-2  China CASC 16.8 m 800[66] No 1[66] China JSLC 2017 2017
Kosmos  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 29.6 m 350 No 38 Soviet Union Kapustin Yar 1961 1967
Kosmos-1  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 26.3 m 1,400 No 8 Soviet Union Baikonur 1964 1965
Kosmos-2  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 31 m 300 No 127 Soviet Union Kapustin Yar,
Soviet Union Plesetsk 		1965 1977
Kosmos-3  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 32.4 m 1,400 No 6 Soviet Union Baikonur 1966 1968
Kosmos-3M  Soviet Union

 Russia

NPO Polyot 32.4 m 1,500[67] No 445 Russia Kapustin Yar,
Russia Plesetsk 		1967 2010
Kosmos-3MRB  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 32.4 m 1,500 No 10 Soviet Union Kapustin Yar 1980 1988
Lambda 4S  Japan Nissan Motors[68] 16.5 m 26[69] No 5 Japan KSC 1966 1970
LauncherOne  United States Virgin Orbit 21.3 m 500 300 to SSO No 6 United States Mojave,
United Kingdom Cornwall 		2020 2023
Long March 1  China CALT 29.9 m 300[70] No 2[71] China JSLC 1970 1971
Long March 1D  China CALT 28.2 m 740[72] No 0 (+3)[71] China TSLC 1995[lower-alpha 9] 2002
Long March 2A  China CALT 32 m 2,000[73] No 4[74] China JSLC 1974 1978
Long March 2E  China CALT 49.7 m 9,200[74] No 7[74] China XSLC 1990 1995
Long March 3  China CALT 43.3 m 5,000[75] No 13[75] China XSLC 1984 2000
Long March 3B  China CALT 54.8 m 11,200[76] 5,100 5,700 to SSO No 12[75] China XSLC 1996 2012
Long March 4A  China CALT 41.9 m 4,000 No 2[77] China TSLC 1988 1990
M-V  Japan Nissan Motors[68] (1997–2000)

IHI Aerospace[44] (2000–2006)

30.8 m 1,850[69] No 7 Japan KSC 1997 2006
Molniya  Soviet Union RSC Energia 43.4 m 1,800[78] No 40[79] Soviet Union Baikonur,
Soviet Union Plesetsk 		1960 1967
Molniya-M  Soviet Union

 Russia

RSC Energia 43.4 m 2,400[80] No 280[81] Kazakhstan Baikonur,
Russia Plesetsk 		1965 2010
Mu-4S  Japan Nissan Motors[68] 23.6 m 180[69] No 4 Japan KSC 1971 1972
Mu-3C  Japan Nissan Motors[68] 20.3 m 195[69] No 4 Japan KSC 1974 1979
Mu-3H  Japan Nissan Motors[68] 23.8 m 300[69] No 3 Japan KSC 1977 1978
Mu-3S  Japan Nissan Motors[68] 23.8 m 300[69] No 4 Japan KSC 1980 1984
Mu-3SII  Japan Nissan Motors[68] 27.8 m 770[69] No 8 Japan KSC 1985 1995
N1  Soviet Union NPO Energia 105.3 m 95,000[lower-alpha 10] No 4 Soviet Union Baikonur 1969 1972
N-I  Japan

 United States

Mitsubishi 34 m 1,200[82] No 7 Japan TNSC 1975 1982
N-II  Japan

 United States

Mitsubishi 35 m 2,000[83] No 8 Japan TNSC 1981 1987
Naro-1  South Korea

 Russia

KARI Khrunichev 33 m 100[84] No 3 South Korea Naro 2009 2013
OS-M1  China OneSpace 19 m 205[85] 143 to SSO No 1 China JSLC 2019[86][lower-alpha 11] 2019
Paektusan-1  North Korea KCST 25.8 m 20 No 1 North Korea Tonghae 1998 1998
Pegasus  United States Northrop Grumman 15.4 m 455 No 6 United States Edwards,
United States CCSFS 		1990 1994
Pegasus H  United States Northrop Grumman 15.4 m 544 No 4 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS,
Marshall Islands Kwajalein Atoll 		1995 2000
Pilot II  United States United States Navy 4.4 m N/A 1.05 to MEO No 10 United States Point Mugu 1958 1958
Polyot  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30 m 1,400 No 2 Soviet Union Baikonur 1963 1964
Proton (UR-500)  Soviet Union Khrunichev 39.8 m 12,200 No 4 Soviet Union Baikonur 1965 1966
Proton-K  Soviet Union

 Russia

Khrunichev 50 m 19,760[88] 4,930[89] No 311[90] KazakhstanBaikonur 1965 2012
PSLV-G  India ISRO 44 m 3,200[91] 1,050 1,600 to SSO No 12[91] India SDSC 1993 2016[92]
Rocket 3.0  United States Astra 11.6 m 100 No 1 United States KLC 2020 2020
Rocket 3.1  United States Astra 11.6 m 100 No 1 United States KLC 2020 2020
Rocket 3.2  United States Astra 11.6 m 100 No 1 United States KLC 2020 2020
Rocket 3.3  United States Astra 13.1 m 150 to SSO No 5 United States CCSFS,
United States KLC 		2021 2022
Rokot-K  Russia Khrunichev 25.5 m No 4 Kazakhstan Baikonur,
Russia Plesetsk 		1990 1999
Rokot-KM  Russia Khrunichev 29.1 m 1,950[93] 1,200 to SSO No 31 Russia Plesetsk 2000 2019
RS1 B1  United States ABL Space Systems 27 m 1,350[94] 400 975 to SSO

750 to MEO

No 1 United States KLC 2023[95] 2023
Safir-1  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 27 No 2 Iran Semnan 2008 2009
Safir-1A  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 15 No 1 Iran Semnan 2011 2011
Safir-1B  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 50 No 1 Iran Semnan 2012 2012
Safir-1B+  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 52 No 5 Iran Semnan 2012 2019
Saturn I  United States Chrysler (S-I)

Douglas (S-IV)

50-57.4 m 9,000[96] No 10[97] United States CCSFS 1961 1965[97]
Saturn IB  United States Chrysler (S-IB)

Douglas (S-IVB)

56.1-68.1 m 18,600[98] No 9[99] United States CCSFS,
United States KSC 		1966 1975
Saturn V  United States Boeing (S-IC)

North American (S-II) Douglas (S-IVB)

110.6 m 47,000 to TLI No 13[lower-alpha 12] United States KSC 1967 1973
Scout X-1  United States Vought 21.8 m 59 No 4 United States WFF 1960 1961
Scout X-2  United States Vought 21.8 m 76 No 1 United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1962 1962
Scout X-2M  United States Vought 21.8 m 76 No 3 United States VAFB 1962 1963
Scout X-2B  United States Vought 21.8 m 76 No 1 United States VAFB 1963 1963
Scout X-3  United States Vought 21.8 m 87 No 5 United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1962 1964
Scout X-3M  United States Vought 21.8 m 87 No 1 United States VAFB 1963 1963
Scout X-4  United States Vought 22.8 m 103 No 11 United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1963 1965
Scout A  United States NASA 22.8 m 110 No 11 United States VAFB 1965 1970
Scout A-1  United States NASA 22.8 m 122 No 1 United States VAFB 1973 1973
Scout B  United States NASA 22.8 m 110 No 20 Italy BSC,
United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1965 1971
Scout B-1  United States NASA 22.8 m 143 No 5 Italy BSC,
United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1971 1976
Scout D-1  United States NASA 22.9 m 182 No 14 Italy BSC,
United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1972 1979
Scout E-1  United States NASA 22.8 m 193 No 1 United States VAFB 1974 1974
Scout F-1  United States NASA 22.9 m 192 No 2 Italy BSC,
United States VAFB 		1975 1975
Scout G-1  United States NASA 22.9 m 208 No 18 Italy BSC,
United States VAFB,
United States WFF 		1979 1994
Shavit Israel Israel IAI 17.7 m 160 No 2 Israel Palmachim 1988 1990
Shavit-1 Israel Israel IAI 19.7 m 225 No 4 Israel Palmachim 1995 2004
Shtil-1  Russia Makeyev 14.8 m 280–420[100] No 2[101] Russia Novomoskovsk,
Russia Ekaterinburg 		1998 2006
SLV-3  India ISRO 22 m 40[102] No 4[102] India SDSC 1979 1983[102]
Soyuz  Soviet Union RSC Energia 45.6 m 6,450 No 31[103] Soviet Union Baikonur 1966 1976
Soyuz-FG  Russia TsSKB-Progress 49.5 m 6,900[104] No 70[105][106] KazakhstanBaikonur 2001 2019
Soyuz-L  Soviet Union RSC Energia 50 m 5,500 No 3[107] Soviet Union Baikonur 1970 1971
Soyuz-M  Soviet Union RSC Energia 50 m 6,600 No 8[108] Soviet Union Baikonur 1971 1976
Soyuz ST-A  Russia

 Europe

TsSKB-Progress

Arianespace

46.3 m 7,800 from Kourou[109] 2,810 with Fregat[110] No 9[105] France CSG 2011 2021
Soyuz ST-B  Russia

 Europe

TsSKB-Progress

Arianespace

46.3 m 9,000 from Kourou[111] 3,250 with Fregat[110] 4,400 to SSO[112] No 18[105] France CSG 2011 2022
Soyuz-U  Soviet Union

 Russia

TsSKB-Progress 51.1 m 6,650 from Baikonour[113]

6,150 from Plesetsk[113]

No 786[105][114][115] Kazakhstan Baikonur,
Russia Plesetsk 		1973 2017
Soyuz-U2  Soviet Union

 Russia

TsSKB-Progress 34.5 m 7,050 No 72[116] KazakhstanBaikonur 1982 1995
Space Shuttle  United States ATK (SRBs)

Martin Marietta (External tank) Rockwell (Orbiter)

56.1 m 24,400[lower-alpha 5]
3,550 to escape with IUS Yes 135[119] United States KSC 1981 2011
SPARK  United States UHAerojet RocketdyneSandia 17 m 300 No 1 United States Barking Sands 2015 2015
Sparta  United States ABMA/Chrysler 21.8 m 45 No 10 Australia WRC 1966 1967
Sputnik 8K71PS  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30 m 500[120] No 2 Soviet Union Baikonur 1957 1957
Sputnik 8A91  Soviet Union RSC Energia 31.1 m 1,327 No 2 Soviet Union Baikonur 1958 1958
SS-520  Japan IHI Aerospace 9.5 m 4[121] No 2[122] Japan KSC 2017[123][lower-alpha 13] 2018
Start-1  Russia MITT 22.7 m 532 250 to SSO No 5[124] Russia Svobodny,
Russia Plesetsk 		1993 2006
Start-1.2  Russia MITT 22.7 m 250-300 to SSO No 1 Russia Svobodny 1997 1997
Start  Russia MITT 28.9 m 300 to SSO No 1 Russia Plesetsk 1995 1995
Strela  Russia Khrunichev 24-

27.4 m

1,400[125] No 3[126] KazakhstanBaikonur 2003 2014
Taurus-1110  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

28.2 m 1180 370 750 to SSO No 3 United States VAFB 1994 2000
Taurus-2110  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

29.1 m 1250 375 900 to SSO No 2 United States VAFB 1999 2001
Taurus-2210  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

30.9 m 1050 700 to SSO No 1 United States VAFB 1998 1998
Taurus-3110  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

30.1 m 1450 445 1,050 to SSO No 2 United States VAFB 2009 2011
Taurus-3210[127]  United States Northrop Grumman 27.9 m 1,458[128] N/A 1,054 to SSO[lower-alpha 14] No 1 United StatesVAFB 2004 2004
Terran 1  United States Relativity Space 35.2 m 1,250[129] 900 to SSO No 1 United States CCSFS 2023 2023
Thor-Able I  United States Douglas/Aerojet 26.9 m 250 No 3 United States CCSFS 1958 1958
Thor-Able II  United States Douglas/Aerojet 27.3 m 270 No 4 United States CCSFS 1959 1960
Thor-Able III  United States Douglas/Aerojet 27.4 m ~64 to HEO No 1 United States CCSFS 1959 1959
Thor-Able IV  United States Douglas/Aerojet 27.2 m ~43 to Heliocentric No 1 United States CCSFS 1960 1960
Thor Agena-A  United States Douglas/Lockheed 22.7 m 860 No 16 United States VAFB 1959 1960
Thor Agena-B  United States Douglas/Lockheed 26.3 m 1,200 No 21 United States VAFB 1962 1965
Thor Agena-D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 29.3 m 1,150 No 22 United States VAFB 1962 1967
Thorad SLV-2G Agena D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 32.9 m 2,000 No 30 United States VAFB 1966 1971
Thorad SLV-2H Agena D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 34 m 2,000 No 13 United States VAFB 1969 1972
Thor-Burner-1 MG-18  United States Douglas 23 m 770 150-300 to MEO No 2 United States VAFB 1965 1965
Thor-Burner-1 Altair-3  United States Douglas ~24 m >73 No 4 United States VAFB 1965 1966
Thor-Burner-2  United States Douglas 22.4 m 250 to MEO No 12 United States VAFB 1966 1971
Thor-Burner-2A  United States Douglas 23.5 m 300 to MEO No 8 United States VAFB 1971 1976
Thor-Delta  United States Douglas 31 m 226 45 No 12 United States CCSFS 1960 1962
Thor-Delta A  United States Douglas 31 m 250 68 No 2 United States CCSFS 1962 1962
Thor-Delta B  United States Douglas 31 m 370 68 No 9 United States CCSFS 1962 1964
Thor-Delta C  United States Douglas 27.5 m 81 No 11 United States CCSFS 1963 1967
Thor-Delta C1  United States Douglas 27.5 m 81 No 2 United States CCSFS 1966 1969
Thor-Delta D  United States Douglas 32 m 450 104 No 2 United States CCSFS 1964 1965
Thor-Delta E  United States Douglas 31 m 540 150 No 6 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1965 1967
Thor-Delta E1  United States Douglas 28 m 540 205 No 17 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1966 1971
Thor-Delta G  United States Douglas 30 m 650 No 2 United States CCSFS 1966 1967
Thor-Delta J  United States Douglas 31 m 260 263 No 1 United States VAFB 1968 1968
Thor-Delta L  United States Douglas 35 m 356 300 No 2 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1969 1972
Thor-Delta M  United States Douglas 34 m 356 355 No 12 United States CCSFS 1968 1971
Thor-Delta M6  United States Douglas 32.4 m 454 450 No 1 United States CCSFS 1971 1971
Thor-Delta N  United States Douglas 33 m 900 No 6 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1968 1972
Thor-Delta N6  United States Douglas 33 m 1,600 No 3 United States VAFB 1970 1971
Thor-DM21 Able-Star  United States Douglas/Aerojet 29 m 150 No 11 United States CCSFS 1960 1962
Thor-DSV2A Able-Star  United States Douglas/Aerojet 29 m 150 No 8 United States VAFB 1963 1965
Thor-ISS  United States Douglas/Thiokol 23 m 500 to MEO No 5 United States VAFB 1976 1980
Thor-SLV2A Agena-B  United States Douglas/Lockheed 31 m 400 No 2 United States VAFB 1963 1966
Thor-SLV2A Agena-D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 29.3 m 1,500 No 60 United States VAFB 1963 1968
Titan II GLV  United States Martin Marietta 33 m 3,600[130] No 11 (+1) United States CCSFS 1964 1966
Titan II(23)G  United States Martin Marietta 31.4 m 3,600[131] No 13 United States VAFB 1988 2003
Titan IIIA  United States Martin Marietta 38.5 m 3,500 No 4 United States CCSFS 1964 1965
Titan IIIB  United States Martin Marietta 42 m 3,300 No 22 United States VAFB 1966 1969
Titan III(23)B  United States Martin Marietta 42 m 3,350 No 9 United States VAFB 1969 1971
Titan III(33)B  United States Martin Marietta 42 m N/A 4,500 No 3 United States VAFB 1971 1973
Titan III(24)B  United States Martin Marietta 44 m 4,500 No 23 United States VAFB 1971 1984
Titan III(34)B  United States Martin Marietta 45.3 m N/A No 11 United States VAFB 1975 1987
Titan IIIC  United States Martin Marietta 41 m 11,500 3,000 No 14 United States CCSFS 1965 1970
Titan III(23)C  United States Martin Marietta 42.5 m 13,100[132] 3,000 No 22 United States CCSFS 1970 1982
Titan IIID  United States Martin Marietta 36 m 12,300[133] No 22 United States VAFB 1971 1982
Titan IIIE  United States Martin Marietta 48.8 m 15,400[134] No 7 United States CCSFS 1974 1977
Titan 34D  United States Martin Marietta 44.5 m 14,350 3,600 No 15 United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1982 1989
Titan IVA  United States Martin Marietta 51.36 m(standard) 17,110[135] 4,944 with IUS 14,090 to SSO[135]

4,536 to GSO with Centaur

3,550 to escape with IUS

No 22[136] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1989 1998
Titan IVB  United States Lockheed Martin 51.36 m(standard) 21,682[137] 5,761[137]

(9,000 with upper stage)

No 17[136] United States VAFB,
United States CCSFS 		1997 2005
Tysklon-2

(R-36-O)

 Soviet Union Yuzhmash 32 m 3,350 No 18 Soviet Union Baikonur 1965 1971
Tsyklon-2A  Soviet Union Yuzhmash 39.7 m 3,350[138] No 8[139] Soviet Union Baikonur 1967 1969
Tsyklon-2M  Soviet Union

 Ukraine

Yuzhmash 39.7 m 2,820[140] No 106[141] KazakhstanBaikonur 1969 2006[141]
Tsyklon-3  Soviet Union

 Ukraine

Yuzhmash 39.3 m 1,920[142] No 122[143] Russia Plesetsk 1977 2009[143]
Unha-2  North Korea KCST 29.5 m 80 No 1 North Korea Tonghae 2009 2009
Unha-3  North Korea KCST 30 m 110 No 4[144] North Korea Sohae 2009[lower-alpha 15] 2016
Vanguard  United States Martin 22.1 m 9[145] No 10 (+1) United States CCSFS 1957 1959
Vanguard SLV-7  United States Martin 21.6 m 20 No 1 United States CCSFS 1959 1959
VLS-1  Brazil AEB, IAE 19.5 m 380[146] No 2[lower-alpha 16] Brazil CEA 1997 2003
Vega  EuropeItaly Italy ArianeGroupAvio 31 m 2,300[147] N/A 1,450 to SSO[148] 1,500 to polar[149] Expendable 22[150] France CSG 2012 2024
Volna-O  Russia Makeyev 14.2 m 100[151] No 1 (+5)[101] Russia Borisoglebsk 1995[lower-alpha 17] 2005[101]
Voskhod  Soviet Union RSC Energia 44.1 m 5,680 No 299 Soviet Union Baikonur,
Soviet Union Plesetsk 		1963 1976
Vostok-L (Luna)  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30.8 m 4,000 400 to TLI No 9 Soviet Union Baikonur 1958 1960
Vostok (Korabl)  Soviet Union RSC Energia 38.4 m 4,550 390 to TLI[152] No 4 Soviet Union Baikonur 1960 1960
Vostok-K  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30.8 m 2,460[153] No 16 Soviet Union Baikonur 1960 1964
Vostok-2  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30.8 m 4,730[153] No 45 Soviet Union Baikonur,
Soviet Union Plesetsk 		1962 1967
Vostok-2M  Soviet Union RSC Energia 38.8 m 1,300[154] No 93 Soviet Union Baikonur,
Soviet Union Plesetsk 		1964 1991
Soyuz/Vostok  Soviet Union RSC Energia 31 m 6,000[155] No 2 Soviet Union Baikonur 1965 1966
Zenit-2  Soviet Union

 Ukraine

Yuzhnoye 57 m 13,740[156] No 36[157] KazakhstanBaikonur 1985 2004[158]
Zenit-2FG  Ukraine Yuzhnoye 57 m No 1 KazakhstanBaikonur 2011 2011
Zenit-2M  Ukraine Yuzhnoye 57 m 13,920[156] No 1 KazakhstanBaikonur 2007 2007
Zenit-3F  Ukraine Yuzhnoye 59.6 m 1,740 to GEO[159] No 4[160] KazakhstanBaikonur 2011 2017
Zenit-3SL  Ukraine Yuzhmash

RSC Energia

59.6 m 7,000[160] 6,160 No 36[160] Norway Ocean Odyssey 1999 2014
Zenit-3SLB  Ukraine Yuzhmash

RSC Energia

59.5 m 3,750[160] No 6[160] KazakhstanBaikonur 2008 2013
Zhuque-1  China LandSpace 19 m 300[161] 200 to SSO No 1[162] China JSLC 2018[162] 2018

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Reference altitude 500 km
  2. ↑ First suborbital test in 1969, first orbital launch attempt in 1970
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[citation needed]
  4. ↑ Without Buran, and assuming payload providing orbital insertion
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The U.S. Space Shuttle Transportation System and the Soviet Energia-Buran system consist of launch vehicle rockets and returnable spaceplane orbiter. Payload values listed here are for the mass of the payload in cargo bay of the spaceplanes, excluding the mass of the spaceplanes themselves.
  6. ↑ The SpaceX website lists the F9 payload to LEO as 13,150kg. The payload to GTO is listed as 4,850kg. However, SpaceX has stated that these numbers include a 30% margin to accommodate re-usability.
  7. ↑ 5,100 kg to a 500-km Sun-synchronous orbit; 3,300 kg to 800 km[59]: 64–65 
  8. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[citation needed]
  9. ↑ Suborbital test flights in 1995, 1997 and 2002, no orbital launches attempted
  10. ↑ The N1 rocket was initially designed for 75 t LEO capacity and launch attempts were made with this version, but there were studies to increase the payload capacity to 90–95 t, if a liquid-hydrogen upper stage engine could be developed.
  11. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in May 2018.[87]
  12. ↑ The Saturn V made 13 launches, 12 of which reached the correct orbits, and the other (Apollo 6) reached a different orbit than the one which had been planned; however, some mission objectives could still be completed; NASA, Saturn V News Reference, Appendix: Saturn V Flight History (1968) . For more information, see the Saturn V article. The Saturn V launch record is usually quoted as having never failed, e.g. "The rocket was masterminded by Wernher Von Braun and did not fail in any of its flights", Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin; Saturn, but the Apollo 6 launch should be considered a partial mission failure. The 13th launch of Saturn V was in special configuration (SA-513) with the Skylab.
  13. ↑ A prior version of the SS-520 flew twice as a suborbital sounding rocket in 1998 and 2000. In 2017, the addition of a small third stage enabled orbital launches of ultra-light nano- or picosatellites.[121]
  14. ↑ Reference altitude 400 km
  15. ↑ A suborbital test flight failed in 2006. The first two orbital missions failed in 2009 and 2012, and the rocket finally reached orbit in late 2012.[144]
  16. ↑ A third rocket exploded before launch.
  17. ↑ First orbital launch attempt in 2005

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Antares (Taurus-2)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/antares_osc.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Krebs, Gunter. "Ariane-1, -2, -3, -4". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane.htm. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Krebs, Gunter. "Ariane-5". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane-5.htm. 
  4. ↑ "Ariane 5". http://andegraf.com/rockets/ariane5.htm. 
  5. ↑ "Final launch of Ariane 5 GS completes busy year / Launchers / Our Activities / ESA". European Space Agency. 2009-12-19. http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM5TFAK73G_index_0.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Ariane 5 Users Manual". Arianespace. p. 39 (ISS orbit). http://www.arianespace.com/site/documents/Ariane5_users_manual_Issue4.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "Ariane 5 sets new record on latest launch". 24 October 2021. https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Ariane/Ariane_5_sets_new_record_on_latest_launch. 
  8. ↑ "Welcome To ISRO :: Launch Vehicles". ISRO. http://www.isro.org/Launchvehicles/launchvehicles.aspx#ASLV. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Krebs, Gunter. "SLV-3 / ASLV". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/slv_aslv.htm. 
  10. ↑ "Athena-1 (LLV-1 / LMLV-1)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/athena-1.htm. 
  11. ↑ "NASA, Athena Mission Planner's Guide 26 August 2012". https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Athena_MPG_01-23-12.pdf. 
  12. ↑ "Athena-2". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena2.htm. 
  13. ↑ "Athena-2 (LLV-2 / LMLV-2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/athena-2.htm. 
  14. ↑ "Atlas Centaur LV-3C Development". 25 March 2023. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/aclv3cb.html. 
  15. ↑ "Atlas Centaur". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/atlas_centaur.htm. 
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 Krebs, Gunter. "Atlas Centaur". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/atlas_centaur.htm. 
  17. ↑ astronautix.com, Atlas H
  18. ↑ astronautix.com, Atlas IIIB
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 "Atlas V". ULA. https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/atlas-v. 
  20. ↑ "ULA launches two space surveillance satellites for U.S. Space Force" (in en-US). 2022-01-21. https://spacenews.com/ula-launches-two-space-surveillance-satellites-for-u-s-space-force/. 
  21. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Black Arrow
  22. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan III
  23. ↑ "WMO OSCAR – Satellite: NOAA-3". http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/325. 
  24. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=ITOS-E1. 
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 25.21 25.22 25.23 25.24 25.25 25.26 25.27 25.28 25.29 25.30 25.31 25.32 25.33 25.34 25.35 25.36 25.37 25.38 25.39 25.40 25.41 25.42 25.43 25.44 25.45 25.46 25.47 25.48 25.49 25.50 25.51 25.52 Krebs, Gunter. "Delta". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm. 
  26. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 0300". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela0300.htm. 
  27. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 0900". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela0900.htm. 
  28. ↑ "GEOS 3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/geos-3.htm. 
  29. ↑ "1972 – 2616 – Flight Archive". https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972 - 2616.html. 
  30. ↑ "OSO 8". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/oso-8.htm. 
  31. ↑ "Explorer: RAE B". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_rae-b.htm. 
  32. ↑ "Delta-1914". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-1914.htm. 
  33. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-077A. 
  34. ↑ "Skynet 2A, 2B". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/skynet-2.htm. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Wade, Mark. "Delta 2913". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela2913.htm. 
  36. ↑ "Explorer: DE 1, 2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_de.htm. 
  37. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 4000". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela4000.htm. 
  38. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 5000". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela5000.htm. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 "Delta IV". ULA. https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/delta-iv. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 Krebs, Gunter. "Delta-4". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta-4.htm. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Dnepr". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/dnepr-1.htm. 
  42. ↑ Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). "Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket". http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/12/30/iridium-satellites-closed-up-for-launch-on-falcon-9-rocket/. "Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches." 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 "S. P. Korolev RSC Energia – LAUNCHERS". Energia. http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/launchers/vehicle_energia.html. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "Projects&Products". IHI Aerospace. http://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/product/rocket.html. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Epsilon". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/epsilon.htm. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon-1". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/falcon-1.htm. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Falcon 9". SpaceX. 2012-11-16. http://www.spacex.com/falcon9. 
  48. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon-9". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/falcon-9.htm. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 "Capabilities & Services". SpaceX. http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities. 
  50. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (June 15, 2016). "Iridium's SpaceX launch slowed by Vandenberg bottleneck". SpaceNews. http://spacenews.com/iridiums-spacex-launch-slowed-by-vandenberg-bottleneck/. 
  51. ↑ Feng Bao 1, part of CZ family
  52. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "FB-1 (Feng Bao-1)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/fb-1.htm. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 "Indian Space Research Organisation - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark II". https://www.isro.gov.in/GSLV_CON.html. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gslv.htm. 
  55. ↑ "JERS (Fuyo)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jers.htm. 
  56. ↑ astronautix.com, H-2
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Krebs, Gunter. "H-2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/h-2.htm. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "H-IIA Launch Vehicle". JAXA. https://global.jaxa.jp/activity/pr/brochure/files/rocket01.pdf. 
  59. ↑ "H-IIA – User's Manual". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. February 2015. https://www.mhi.com/jp/products/pdf/manual.pdf. 
  60. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "H-2A-202" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/h-2a-202.htm. 
  61. ↑ "H-IIA – User's Manual". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. February 2015. https://www.mhi.com/jp/products/pdf/manual.pdf. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 Krebs, Gunter. "H-2A". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/h-2a.htm. 
  63. ↑ astronautix.com H-IIA 2024
  64. ↑ "MHI Launch Services: Launch Vehicles". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. https://www.mhi.com/products/space/launch_srv_lineup.html. 
  65. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "H-2B". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/h-2b.htm. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kaituozhe-2.htm. 
  67. ↑ "Cosmos-1, 3, 3M and 3MU – SL-8 – C-1". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/cosmos3.html. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.6 "Nissan Heritage Collection online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan Motors. http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 69.5 69.6 "Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml. 
  70. ↑ astronautix.com, Long March 1, also called CZ-1
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-1 (Chang Zheng-1)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm. 
  72. ↑ astronautix.com, Long March 1D (CZ-1D)
  73. ↑ astronautix.com Long March 2A – CZ-2A
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-2.htm. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm. 
  76. ↑ "LM-3A Series Launch Vehicles User's Manual Issue 2011". 2011. http://www.cgwic.com/LaunchServices/Download/manual/LM-3A Series Launch Vehicles User's Manual Issue 2011.pdf. 
  77. ↑ "CZ-4B (Chang Zheng-4B)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-4b.htm. 
  78. ↑ astronautix.com, Encyclopedia Astronautica, Molniya 8K78M
  79. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Molniya (8K78)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/molniya.htm. 
  80. ↑ "US-K (73D6)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/us-k.htm. 
  81. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Molniya and Soyuz with upper stages". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/molniya.htm. 
  82. ↑ astronautix.com, N-I- Delta
  83. ↑ astronautix.com, Encyclopedia Astronautica, N-2
  84. ↑ "STSAT 2C". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/stsat-2c.htm. 
  85. ↑ Goh, Deyana (5 July 2018). "Chinese startup One Space successfully tests first stage engine for orbital rocket". Spacetech Asia. http://www.spacetechasia.com/chinese-startup-one-space-successfully-tests-first-stage-engine-for-orbital-rocket/. 
  86. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "OS-M (Chongqing SQX)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/os-m.htm. 
  87. ↑ Jones, Andrew (17 May 2018). "Chinese company OneSpace sends OS-X rocket to 40 km in maiden flight". GBTimes. https://gbtimes.com/chinese-company-onespace-sends-os-x-rocket-to-40-km-in-maiden-flight. 
  88. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Proton-K
  89. ↑ "Launch Vehicles". http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/space/lectures/lec17.html. 
  90. ↑ "Proton". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/proton.htm. 
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 "PSLV-CA (2)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv-ca_2.htm. 
  92. ↑ "Outcome Budget 2016–2017". Government of India, Department of Space. 2016. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/7064/outcomebudget2016-2017.pdf. "Currently, two versions of PSLV are operational, namely PSLV-XL (with six extended version of Strap-on motors) and the PSLV Core-alone (without Strap-on motors)." 
  93. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Rokot (Rockot)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/rokot.htm. 
  94. ↑ "ABL Space Systems". https://www.ablspacesystems.com. 
  95. ↑ "ABL Space Systems maiden flight fails after liftoff". 10 February 2023. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/01/abl-rs1-demo-1/. 
  96. ↑ astronautix.com, Saturn I
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 "Saturn-1 & Saturn-1B". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/saturn-1.htm. 
  98. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Saturn IB
  99. ↑ Bilstein, Roger E.. "Appendix C: Saturn Family/Mission Data". NASA History Office. https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/app-c.htm. 
  100. ↑ "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm. 
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm. 
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 "SLV-3". https://b14643.eu/Spacerockets_1/India/SLV/Description/Frame.htm. 
  103. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz (11A511)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz.htm. 
  104. ↑ "Soyuz-FG Launch Vehicle". Progress Rocket Space Centre. http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_fg/. 
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 105.2 105.3 Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz with Fregat upper stage". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/soyuz_fregat.htm. 
  106. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-FG (11A511U-FG)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-fg.htm. 
  107. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-L (11A511L)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-l.htm. 
  108. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-M (11A511M)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-m.htm. 
  109. ↑ "Soyuz-ST". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuzst.htm. Retrieved 17 May 2015. 
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 "Soyuz-ST Launch Vehicle". Progress Rocket Space Centre. http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_st/. 
  111. ↑ "Soyuz 2 Launch Vehicle". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/soyuz2_lv.html. 
  112. ↑ "Soyuz overview". Arianespace. http://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/soyuz/. 
  113. ↑ 113.0 113.1 "Soyuz-U Launch Vehicle". http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_u/. 
  114. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz with Ikar and Volga upper stages". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/soyuz_ikar-volga.htm. 
  115. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-U (11A511U)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-u.htm. 
  116. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-U2 (11A511U2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-u2.htm. 
  117. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Shuttle (STS)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/sts.htm. 
  118. ↑ "Space Transportation System Payloads". Kennedy Space Center. 2000. http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/carriers.html. 
  119. ↑ "NASA – Space Shuttle". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html. 
  120. ↑ "Sputnik 2 (PS-2 #1)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sputnik-2.htm. 
  121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 Krebs, Gunter. "SS-520". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ss-520.htm. 
  122. ↑ Graham, William (3 February 2018). "Japanese sounding rocket claims record-breaking orbital launch". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/02/japanese-rocket-record-borbital-launch/. 
  123. ↑ "Experimental Launch of World's Smallest Orbital Space Rocket ends in Failure". Spaceflight 101. 14 January 2017. http://spaceflight101.com/ss-520-4-rocket-launches-on-experimental-mission/. 
  124. ↑ "Start-1". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/start-1.htm. 
  125. ↑ "Strela launcher". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/strela.html. 
  126. ↑ "Strela". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/strela.htm. 
  127. ↑ "Taurus". Orbital Sciences Corporation. 2012. http://www.orbital.com/spacelaunch/taurus/. 
  128. ↑ "Taurus / Minotaur-C" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/taurus.htm. 
  129. ↑ "Terran". https://www.relativityspace.com/rockets. 
  130. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan II GLV
  131. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan 23G
  132. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIC
  133. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIID
  134. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIE
  135. ↑ 135.0 135.1 "Titan-4". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/titan-4.htm. 
  136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 "Titan-4". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/titan-4.htm. 
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 "Fact Sheet – Titan IVB". United States Air Force. https://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/awc/space/factsheets/titan_ivb.htm. 
  138. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2A
  139. ↑ "Tsiklon-2A (11K67)". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-2a.htm. 
  140. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2
  141. ↑ 141.0 141.1 "Tsiklon-2 (11K69)". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-2.htm. 
  142. ↑ nasaspaceflight.com, Tsyklon-3
  143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 "Tsiklon-3 (11K68)". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-3.htm. 
  144. ↑ 144.0 144.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Unha ("Taepodong-2")". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/unha.htm. 
  145. ↑ astronautix.com, vanguard
  146. ↑ "VLS". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vls.htm. 
  147. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Vega (P80 based)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vega_p80.htm. 
  148. ↑ "Vega User's Manual, Issue 4, Revision 0". Arianespace. April 2014. p. 38. https://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Vega-Users-Manual_Issue-04_April-2014.pdf. 
  149. ↑ "Vega". Arianespace. https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/vega/. 
  150. ↑ Parsonson, Andrew (2024-09-05). "First-Gen Vega Rocket Retired After Successful Sentinel-2C Launch" (in en-US). https://europeanspaceflight.com/first-gen-vega-rocket-retired-after-successful-sentinel-2c-launch/. 
  151. ↑ "IRDT 1, 2, 2R". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irdt-1.htm. 
  152. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-014A. 
  153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 "Spacecraft – Vostok". http://www.braeunig.us/space/specs/vostok.htm. 
  154. ↑ "Meteor-2 (11F632)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/meteor-2.htm. 
  155. ↑ astronautix.com, Soyuz/Vostok
  156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 Kyle, Ed. "Zenit Data Sheet". Spacelaunchreport.com. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/zenit.html. 
  157. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Zenit-2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/zenit-2.htm. 
  158. ↑ "Zenit launch vehicle". Russianspaceweb.com. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/zenit.html. 
  159. ↑ "Elektro-L 1, 2, 3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/elektro-l.htm. 
  160. ↑ 160.0 160.1 160.2 160.3 160.4 Krebs, Gunter. "Zenit-3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/zenit-3.htm. 
  161. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2 August 2018). "Landspace of China to launch first rocket in Q4 2018". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/landspace-of-china-to-launch-first-rocket-in-q4-2018. 
  162. ↑ 162.0 162.1 Barbosa, Rui C. (27 October 2018). "Chinese commercial provider LandSpace launches Weilai-1 on a Zhuque-1 rockets – fails to make orbit". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/10/chinese-landspace-launches-weilai-1-zhuque-1-rocket/. 



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