List Of Mycenaean Deities

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Short description: List of Greek deities from the Mycenaean civilization

Many of the Greek deities are known from as early as Mycenaean (Late Bronze Age) civilization. This is an incomplete list of these deities[n 1] and of the way their names, epithets, or titles are spelled and attested in Mycenaean Greek, written in the Linear B[n 2] syllabary, along with some reconstructions and equivalent forms in later Greek.

Deities

Gods

  • Anemoi - attested through *Anemohiereia or *Anemon Hiereia, "Priestess of the Winds" (Linear B: 𐀀𐀚𐀗𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊, a-ne-mo-i-je-re-ja, 𐀀𐀚𐀗𐄀𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊, a-ne-mo,i-je-re-ja)[1][2][3][4][n 3][n 4][n 5][n 6]
  • Apollo(?) - perhaps attested through the lacunose perio (Linear B: 𐀟𐁊, pe-rjo-, reconstructed a-pe-rjo-ne)[8][9][n 7]
  • Ares (Linear B: 𐀀𐀩, a-re)[1][11][12][13][14]
  • Despotas(?) - unclear, perhaps house deity (Linear B: 𐀈𐀡𐀲, do-po-ta)[14][15][16][n 8][n 9][n 10]
  • Dionysus (Linear B: 𐀇𐀺𐀝𐀰, di-wo-nu-so)[14][21][n 11]
  • Dipsioi - perhaps "the Thirsty and hence the Dead Ones"; perhaps related to Thessalian month Dipsos, meaning obscure (Linear B: 𐀇𐀠𐀯𐀍𐀂, di-pi-si-jo-i)[14][27][28][29][30][n 12]
  • Drimios - unknown, in later times, son of Zeus, perhaps a predecessor of Apollo (Linear B: 𐀇𐀪𐀖𐀍, di-ri-mi-jo)[14][29][32][n 8][n 13][n 14]
  • Enesidaon - possibly a theonym; possibly an epithet of Poseidon, assumed to mean "Earthshaker" or something similar (Linear B: 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚, e-ne-si-da-o-ne)[2][32][36][n 10][n 15][n 16]
  • Enyalius - a later epithet of Ares (Linear B: 𐀁𐀝𐀷𐀪𐀍, e-nu-wa-ri-jo)[2][14][23][29]
  • Hephaestus - regarded as indirectly attested by the name *Haphaistios or *Haphaistion, presumed to be a theophoric name (Linear B: 𐀀𐀞𐀂𐀴𐀍, a-pa-i-ti-jo)[22][24][39]
  • Hermes (Linear B: 𐀁𐀔𐁀, e-ma-*25 or e-ma-ha)[14][33][40][41][42][n 17]
  • Hyperion(?) - perhaps attested through the lacunose perio (Linear B: 𐀟𐁊, pe-rjo-, reconstructed u-pe-rjo-ne)[45][n 18]
  • Marineus(?) - unknown deity, perhaps "God of the Woolens", meaning obscure (Linear B: 𐀔𐀪𐀚, ma-ri-ne(-u?), 𐀔𐀪𐀚𐀸, ma-ri-ne-we, 𐀔𐀪𐀚𐀺, ma-ri-ne-wo)[14][22][24][46][47]
  • Pade(?) - possibly unknown god, thought to be Cretan, Minoan in origin (Linear B: 𐀞𐀆 pa-de, 𐀞𐀆𐀂 pa-de-i)[1][2][14][48]
  • Paean - a precursor of Apollo (Linear B: 𐀞𐀊𐀺𐀚, pa-ja-wo-ne)[2][14][49][50][n 19]
  • Poseidon - chief deity (Linear B: 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃, po-se-da-o, 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀺𐀚, po-se-da-wo-ne)[14][52][53][n 10]
  • Trisheros - theonym, "Thrice-Hero"; thought to attest, and pertain to, the veneration of the dead (Linear B: 𐀴𐀪𐀮𐀫𐀁, ti-ri-se-ro-e)[14][29][59][60][61][n 20][n 21][n 22]
  • Wanax - "the King"; in this case, it is considered to be a theonym in the dative case, perhaps as an epithet of Poseidon (Linear B: 𐀷𐀙𐀏𐀳, wa-na-ka-te)[14][29][69][n 23][n 24]
  • Zeus - God of the sky (Linear B: 𐀇𐀸, di-we, 𐀇𐀺, di-wo)[14][72][73]

Goddesses

  • Artemis (Linear B: 𐀀𐀳𐀖𐀵, a-te-mi-to, 𐀀𐀴𐀖𐀳, a-ti-mi-te)[14][77][78][79][80]
  • Diwia - possibly the female counterpart of Zeus, possibly Dione in later Greek (Linear B: 𐀇𐀄𐀊, di-u-ja, 𐀇𐀹𐀊, di-wi-ja)[2][14][16][29]
  • Doqeia(?) - possibly an unknown goddess but could be only a feminine adjective (Linear B: 𐀈𐀤𐀊, do-qe-ja)[81][82][83][n 27]
  • Eileithyia - attested in the Cretan Eleuthia form; perhaps Minoan in origin (Linear B: 𐀁𐀩𐀄𐀴𐀊, e-re-u-ti-ja)[2][14][85][86][87]
  • Eos - perhaps attested through a personal name Ἀϝohιος related to the word for dawn, or dative form Āwōiōi (Linear B: 𐀀𐀺𐀂𐀍, a-wo-i-jo).[n 28][n 29][89][90][91][92][93][94]
  • Erinyes - both forms of the theonym are considered to be in the singular, Erinys (Linear B: 𐀁𐀪𐀝, e-ri-nu, 𐀁𐀪𐀝𐀸, e-ri-nu-we)[1][14][52][95][96][n 30]
  • Hera (Linear B: 𐀁𐀨, e-ra)[14][29][98]
  • Iphemedeia - theonym; probably variant form of Iphimedia, name of a mythological person found in Homer's Odyssey (Linear B: 𐀂𐀟𐀕𐀆𐀊, i-pe-me-de-ja)[14][16][29][99]
  • Komawenteia(?) - possibly unknown deity, possibly meaning "long-haired goddess" (Linear B: 𐀒𐀔𐀸𐀳𐀊 ko-ma-we-te-ja)[16][100][n 31]
  • Leto - perhaps attested through the forms Latios (Linear B: 𐀨𐀴𐀍, ra-ti-jo)[103][104] and Lato (Linear B: 𐀨𐀵, ra-to).[105][n 32]
  • Manasa - unknown goddess (Linear B: 𐀔𐀙𐀭, ma-na-sa)[14][29][81][107][108][n 8][n 33]
  • Mater Theia - possibly "Mother of the Gods" or mother goddess (Linear B: 𐀔𐀳𐀩𐄀𐀳𐀂𐀊, ma-te-re,te-i-ja)[14][109][110][n 34]
  • Pipituna - Reconstructed as *Πίπτυννα (Píptynna),[113] unknown deity, considered to be Pre-Greek or Minoan (Linear B: 𐀠𐀠𐀶𐀙, pi-pi-tu-na)[1][2][14][30][32][114][115][n 35]
  • Posidaeia - probably the female counterpart to Poseidon (Linear B: 𐀡𐀯𐀅𐀁𐀊, po-si-da-e-ja)[14][16][n 8]
  • Potnia - “Mistress” or “Lady”; may be used as an epithet for many deities, but also shows up as a single deity (Linear B: 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, po-ti-ni-ja)[14][117][118][119][n 10]
    • Potnia Athena - or Potnia of At(h)ana (Athens(?)); reference of the latter is uncertain (Linear B: 𐀀𐀲𐀙𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, a-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja)[2][14][110][n 36]
    • Potnia Hippeia - Mistress of the Horses; later epithet of Demeter and Athena (Linear B: 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊𐄀𐀂𐀤𐀊, po-ti-ni-ja,i-qe-ja)[14][110][n 37][n 38]
    • Potnia of Sitos - Mistress of Grain, Bronze Age predecessor or epithet of Demeter (Linear B: 𐀯𐀵𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, si-to-po-ti-ni-ja)[14][81][110][121][n 39]
    • Potnia of the Labyrinth (Linear B: 𐀅𐁆𐀪𐀵𐀍𐄀𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, da-pu2-ri-to-jo,po-ti-ni-ja)[2][14][29][110]
    • Potnia, at Thebes, of no attested name or title, other than that offers are made to her house, her premises (Linear B: 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊𐄀𐀺𐀒𐀆, po-ti-ni-ja,wo-ko-de)[14][22][29][123][124][n 40]
    • Potnia, of unidentified Pylos sanctuary - unknown local(?) goddess of pa-ki-ja-ne (*Sphagianes?) sanctuary at Pylos (Linear B: 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, po-ti-ni-ja)[110][126][127][n 8][n 41][n 42]
    • Potnia, of uncertain A place or epithet (Linear B: 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊𐄀𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊, po-ti-ni-ja,a-si-wi-ja)[14][132][n 43][n 44]
    • Potnia, of unknown E place or epithet (Linear B: 𐀁𐀩𐀹𐀍𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, e-re-wi-jo-po-ti-ni-ja)[81][n 45]
    • Potnia, of unknown N place or epithet (Linear B: 𐀚𐀺𐀟𐀃𐄀𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, ne-wo-pe-o,po-ti-ni-ja)[14][81]
    • Potnia, of unknown U place or epithet (Linear B: 𐀄𐀡𐀍𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, u-po-jo-po-ti-ni-ja)[14][81][n 46]
    • Potnia, of unknown ? place or epithet (Linear B: 𐀀𐀐𐀯𐄀𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊, (?)-a-ke-si,po-ti-ni-ja)[81][n 47]
  • Preswa(?) - generally interpreted as a dove goddess or an early form of Persephone (Linear B: 𐀟𐀩𐁚, pe-re-*82 or pe-re-swa)[14][16][107][136]
  • Qerasia(?) - unknown goddess, perhaps Minoan in origin or possibly connected with thēr (Linear B: 𐀤𐀨𐀯𐀊, qe-ra-si-ja)[1][2][14][29][81][137][138][139][n 48][n 49]
  • Qowia(?) - unknown deity, possibly meaning “She of the Cow(s)" (Linear B: 𐀦𐀹𐀊, qo-wi-ja)[16][71][81][n 8][n 50][n 51]
  • Wanasso(?) - "the Two Queens", possibly Demeter and Persephone, *wanassojin(?) regarded as a dative dual form (Linear B: 𐀷𐀙𐀰𐀂, wa-na-so-i)[14][29][126][144][n 23][n 24][n 52]

Pantheon

  • Pantes Theoi - a special invocation "to All the Gods", irrespectively of sex, etc.; recurrently attested at Knossos (Linear B : 𐀞𐀯𐀳𐀃𐀂, pa-si-te-o-i)[2][33][147][148][n 53][n 54][n 55]

Heroes, mortals and other entities or concepts

  • Proteus - could be the theonym of the sea-god Proteus, but probably just the anthroponym of a nobleman (Linear B: 𐀡𐀫𐀳𐀄, po-ro-te-u)[150][151][152]

Possible deities

Deities speculated to have been worshipped but without hitherto attestation in the Linear B tablets

  • A possible sun goddess, predecessor to Helios and possibly related to Helen.[153][page needed][n 56] No unambiguous attestations of words for "sun" have been found yet, though the Mycenaean word for "sun" is reconstructed as *hāwélios.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This list includes deities which in later Greek times and sources were thought of as semigods or mortal heroes. Scholars assign to attested words in Linear B a possibility or probability, sometimes controversially, of being a theonym or an anthroponym, a toponym, etc.; Mycenaean Linear B sources are often damaged inscriptions bearing lacunae, and in any case, they are too few to enable classifications with certainty.
    Finally there is a list of attested words which seem to refer to mortals or whose reference is unclear, yet they may have a connection to religion or to a divine or heroic figure of later times.
  2. ↑ The names/words in Linear B and the transliteration thereof are not necessarily in the nominative case and also not necessarily of said gods per se, as e.g. in the case of Hephaestus.
  3. ↑ See the noun ἱέρεια.[5]
  4. ↑ Found on the KN Fp 1 and KN Fp 13 tablets.[6][7]
  5. ↑ The inscriptions read that the offers are made to her, thus they could refer to a goddess; this is not though, what modern scholars seem to believe.
  6. ↑ The first cited form could just be an instance of a scribe forgetting to write the word-separator sign 𐄀 between two words. In that case *Anemohiereia should be instead read as *Anemon Hiereia also.
  7. ↑ Found on the lacunose KN E 842 tablet.[10]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Found on the PY Tn 316 tablet.[17][18]
  9. ↑ Cf. the nouns δεσπότης, δόμος, πόσις;[19] whence despot in English;[20] in an etymological sense, it literally means "master of the house" and is related to potnia.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 The word Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν; variant forms include Ποσειδάων, the former's final syllable being a synaeresis of the latter's final two) itself, could be connected in an etymological sense - cf. πόσις - to Despotas (if indeed this is the correct reading-interpretation of do-po-ta) and Potnia;[29] likewise compare the same word in connection to Ge-Gaia (hence possibly to Ma Ga) and the possible Enesidaon and other undoubted later-times epithets of him, in consideration of the word-endings, etc.. Moreover some scholars have connected - in a similar manner to the one of Poseidon - Demeter to "Earth" via the De (Da; considered in this case as Pre-Greek and as meaning "Earth") syllable, the goddess thus viewed as representing Da-Mater, "Mother Earth" or similar; others on the other hand have interpreted Demeter's Da syllable as related to domos (i.e. to be Indo-European), interpreting her name as "Mother of the House", creating thus an etymological connection to Despotas and Potnia. À propos, some scholars have considered the attested, on the PY En 609 tablet,[54] Mycenaean word 𐀅𐀔𐀳, da-ma-te, as reading Demeter, but the view isn't widely held anymore; the former is indeed thought to be connected to domos, etc, but it is believed to probably be a form of, or something similar to, δάμαρ.[55][56][57][58]
  11. ↑ According to Chadwick,[22] "Dionysos surprisingly appears twice at Pylos, in the form Diwonusos, both times irritatingly enough on fragments, so that we have no means of verifying his divinity". This old view can be found reflected in other scholars[23] but this has changed after the 1989-90 Greek-Swedish excavations at Kastelli Hill, Chania, unearthed the KH Gq 5 tablet.[14][24][25][26]
  12. ↑ Cf. the verb διψάω-ῶ.[31]
  13. ↑ The inscription reads (line 10): di-ri-mi-jo⌞ ⌟di-wo,i-je-we, i.e. *Drimiōi Diwos hiēwei, "to Drimios, the son of Zeus".[17][33][34]
  14. ↑ Drimios likely formed a cult group with Zeus and Hera, perhaps the son of this couple, who was forgotten by archaic times.[35]
  15. ↑ Found on the KN M 719 tablet.[37]
  16. ↑ Cf. Ἐνοσίχθων, Ἐννοσίγαιος, Poseidon's later epithets.[38]
  17. ↑ 𐀁𐀔𐁀, when in the nominative, is thought to be read as Ἑρμάἁς (Ἑρμάhας).[43]
  18. ↑ Found on the lacunose KN E 842 tablet.[10]
  19. ↑ Hiller's[2] or Schofield's[23] pa-ja-wo is not actually attested per se; the word actually attested on the damaged KN V 52 tablet and the fragments thereof, reads pa-ja-wo-ne; the latter would be the dative case form of the former.[50][51]
  20. ↑ Found on the PY Tn 316 and PY Fr 1204 tablets.[17][62]
  21. ↑ See the words τρίς, ἥρως.[63][64][65]
  22. ↑ It is generally thought to be connected to τριπάτορες, i.e. the "collective, anonymous family ancestors",[60][66][67] but it could perhaps instead refer to Triptolemus, himself possibly "a ‘hypostasis’ of Poseidon".[66][68]
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 The King and the Two Queens are sometimes attested on tablets together, in the offerings or the libations to them; forms of both "the King" and "the Two Queens" are in the dative case. An example of said concurrent attested worship is the PY Fr 1227 tablet.[70]
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 On the other hand, there are scholars who have argued that "the King" and "the Two Queens" are not theonyms, that they simply refer to mortal royalty.[71]
  25. ↑ Pertaining to the Dikti.[76]
  26. ↑ Found on the KN Fp 1 tablet.[6]
  27. ↑ Found on the PY An 607 tablet.[84]
  28. ↑ Found in a tablet from Pylos, also found on the KN Dv 1462 tablet.
  29. ↑ Foreign scholars interpret this name as "matinal", "matutino", "mañanero", meaning "of the early morning", "of the dawn".[88]
  30. ↑ Found on the KN Fp 1, KN V 52, and KN Fh 390 tablets.[51][97]
  31. ↑ Cf. ko-ma-we, κομήεις, κόμη.[101][102]
  32. ↑ Found on the KN Xd 58 tablet. Some doubts have been cast over its connection to Leto due to the non-matching geography.[106]
  33. ↑ Cf. the Hindu goddess of the same name.
  34. ↑ See the nouns μήτηρ, θεός, θεά and the adjective θεῖος-α-ον.[111][112]
  35. ↑ Cf. Diktynna about word formation, considered to be characteristically Pre-Greek.[30][116]
  36. ↑ Found on the KN V 52 tablet.[51]
  37. ↑ See the words ἵππειος-α-ον, ἵππος.[120]
  38. ↑ Could also be precursor of Leto.[citation needed]
  39. ↑ See the noun σῖτος and the epithet Σιτώ.[122]
  40. ↑ Said Potnia or Potnia in general is found on only one table at Thebes: TH Of 36.[125] Her premises, her house is thought to have been her shrine.[22][123]
  41. ↑ The word, on the same tablet, 𐀡𐀩𐀙, po-re-na, *phorenas, understood to mean "those brought or those bringing" (it actually reads 𐀡𐀩𐀙𐀤, po-re-na-qe, but a postfixed 𐀤, qe, is usually a conjunction; cf. καί, τε, and Latin et, qve),[128][129] has been interpreted by some scholars as evidence of human sacrifice at said sanctuary:[130] "According to this interpretation, the text of Tn 316 was written as one of many extreme emergency measures just before the destruction of the palace. Tn 316 would then reflect a desperate, and abnormal, attempt to placate divine powers through the sacrifice of male victims to male gods and female victims to female gods".[131]
  42. ↑ The nominative case form of the place (i.e. of the sanctuary) is 𐀞𐀑𐀊𐀚, pa-ki-ja-ne; it is also found in other forms, including derivative words; the specific form found on the PY Tn 316 tablet is 𐀞𐀑𐀊𐀯, pa-ki-ja-si, i.e. possibly its locative plural form.[127]
  43. ↑ Possibly an ethnic or geographic adjective of Asia understood in this context as referring to Lydia or the Assuwa league; i.e. in the sense of, or similar to, Anatolia.[132]
  44. ↑ Perhaps an epithet of Artemis.
  45. ↑ Perhaps an epithet of Hera.[citation needed]
  46. ↑ Could be some kind of "under" or "to weave" epithet;[81] cf. the preposition ὑπό and the verb ὑφαίνω.[133][134]
  47. ↑ Found on the PY An 1281 tablet.[135]
  48. ↑ Possibly an epithet of Artemis; cf. Πότνια θηρῶν, θήρ.[139][140][141]
  49. ↑ Could be instead, form of Tiresias.[citation needed]
  50. ↑ Cf. the noun βοῦς.[142]
  51. ↑ Perhaps connected to proposed PIE *Gʷouu̯indā; cf. Govinda and Old Irish Boand.[143]
  52. ↑ Also attested once on the PY 1219 table as 𐀷𐀜𐀰𐀂, wa-no-so-i.[145][146]
  53. ↑ This term is for example found, on the Kn Fp 1 and KN Fp 13 tablets.[6][7]
  54. ↑ It should be made clear that an absence of offerings, in parallel, to explicitly named deities or people (like priests or priestesses) on relevant attested inscriptions, does not necessarily follow from the presence of this special dedication; for example, the Kn Fp 1 inscription also includes, among others, offerings to Zeus Diktaios, Pade, Erinys and Anemon Hiereia.
  55. ↑ The words are two - despite the lack of a separator symbol - and in the dative plural case; their reconstructed form is *pansi tʰeoihi; see the words πᾶς, θεός.[33][112][149]
  56. ↑ See Etymology of Ἑλένη.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Gulizio (2008), page 4.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 Hiller (1997), page 206.
  3. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: a-ne-mo.
  4. ↑ Billigmeier, Jon-Christian; Turner, Judy A. (2004). "The socio-economic roles of women in Mycenaean Greece: A brief survey from evidence of the Linear B tablets". in Foley, Helene P.. Reflections of Women in Antiquity. Rootledge. p. 15. ISBN 0-677-16370-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=8T66FZciSqkC&pg=PA15. 
  5. ↑ ἱέρεια. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Dāmos: KN Fp 1 + 31.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dāmos: KN 13 Fp(1) (138)
  8. ↑ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 118.
  9. ↑ Herda, Alexander (2008). "Apollon Delphinios – Apollon Didymeus: Zwei Gesichter eines milesischen Gottes und ihr Bezug zur Kolonisation Milets in archaischer Zeit" (in de). Internationale Archäologie Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Symposium, Tagung, Kongress. Band 11: Kult(ur)kontakte. Apollon in Milet/Didyma, Histria, Myus, Naukratis und auf Zypern. Akten des Table Ronde in Mainz vom 11.–12. März 2004: 16. ISBN 978-3-89646-441-5. https://www.academia.edu/515462. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "KN 842 E", DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo, University of Oslo. Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas, https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/775, retrieved 2014-03-26 
  11. ↑ Gulizio, Joann. "A-re in the Linear B Tablets and the Continuity of the Cult of Ares in the Historical Period". Journal of Prehistoric Religion 15: 32–38. http://www.utexas.edu/research/pasp/publications/pdf/are.pdf. 
  12. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: a-re.
  13. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word a-re.
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 14.26 14.27 14.28 14.29 14.30 14.31 14.32 14.33 14.34 14.35 14.36 14.37 Hägg (1997), page 165.
  15. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: do-po-ta.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Chadwick (1976), page 95.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Dāmos: PY 316 Tn (44).
  18. ↑ Balcer, Jack Martin; Stockhausen, John Matthew, Mycenaean society and its collapse, pp. 66–67, http://custom.cengage.com/static_content/OLC/053427000X.bak/etep_ch03.pdf [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}].
  19. ↑ δεσπότης, δόμος, πόσις in Liddell and Scott.
  20. ↑ Harper, Douglas. "despot". Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/?term=despot. 
  21. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word di-wo-nu-so.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Chadwick (1976), page 99.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Schofield (2007), page 160.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Trzaskoma et al (2004), page 443–446.
  25. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: Khania Linear B Transliterations.
  26. ↑ Dāmos: KH 5 Gq (1).
  27. ↑ Marinatos, Spyridon (1966). "Πολυδίψιον Ἄργος". in Palmer, L.R.; Chadwick, John. Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium on Mycenaean Studies. Cambridge University Press. pp. 265–274. https://books.google.com/books?id=s-48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA265. 
  28. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: di-pi-si-jo
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 Budin (2004), pages 235–236.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 García-Ramón, J.L., in Duhoux and Morpurgo Davies (2011), page 236.
  31. ↑ διψάω in Liddell and Scott.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Ventris and Chadwick (1973).
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 García-Ramón, J.L., in Duhoux and Morpurgo Davies (2011), page 230.
  34. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word i-je-we.
  35. ↑ Larson, p. 33
  36. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: e-ne-si-da-o-ne.
  37. ↑ Dāmos: KN 719 M (140).
  38. ↑ Ἐνοσίχθων, Ἐννοσίγαιος in Liddell and Scott.
  39. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: a-pa-i-ti-jo.
  40. ↑ Gulizio (2000).
  41. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: e-ma-a2.
  42. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word e-ma-ha.
  43. ↑ Gulizio (2000), page 106.
  44. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: a-re-ja.
  45. ↑ Logozzo and Poccetti, p. 644
  46. ↑ Castleden (2003), page 122.
  47. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: ma-ri-ne, ma-ri-ne-we.
  48. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: pa-de.
  49. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: KN V 52+.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Chadwick (1976), page 89.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Dāmos: KN 52 V + 52 bis + 8285 (unknown).
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Palaima, Thomas G. (2009). "Continuity from the Mycenaean Period in a historical Boeotian Cult of Poseidon (and Erinys)". in Danielidou, Despoina. Δώρον. Τιμητικός Τόμος για τον καθηγητή Σπύρο Ιακωβίδη. Σειρά Μονογραφιών. 6. Athens: Academy of Athens. pp. 527–536. http://www.utexas.edu/research/pasp/publications/pdf/continuity.pdf. 
  53. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: po-se-da-o.
  54. ↑ Dāmos: PY 609 En.
  55. ↑ Ποσειδών in Liddell and Scott.
  56. ↑ Beekes, Robert (2010). "E.g., s.v. γαῖα, δάμαρ, πόσις, Δημήτηρ". Etymological Dictionary of Greek. With the assistance of Lucien van Beek. In two volumes.. Leiden, Boston. ISBN 9789004174184.γαῖα,+δάμαρ,+πόσις,+Δημήτηρ&rft.atitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Beekes, Robert&rft.date=2010&rft.place=Leiden,+Boston&rft.isbn=9789004174184&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Religion:List_of_Mycenaean_deities"> 
  57. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: da-ma-te.
  58. ↑ δάμαρ in Liddell and Scott.
  59. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word ti-ri-se-ro-e.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Linear B Transliterations: ti-ri-se-ro-e.
  61. ↑ Trckova-Flamee, Alena. "Thrice-Hero". http://www.threes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2890:thrice-hero&catid=82:mythology&Itemid=62. 
  62. ↑ Dāmos: PY 1204 Fr (4).
  63. ↑ τρίς in Liddell and Scott.
  64. ↑ ἥρως in Liddell and Scott.
  65. ↑ Harper, Douglas. "hero". Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/?term=hero. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Herda, Alexander (2011). "Burying a Sage: The Heroon of Thales in the Agora of Miletos". Rencontres d'Archéologie de l'IFEA (Istanbul: Institut français d'études anatoliennes): 105. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/80/82/17/PDF/05_Herda.pdf. 
  67. ↑ τριπάτωρ in Liddell and Scott.
  68. ↑ Peters, Martin (2002), "Aus der Vergangenheit von Heroen und Ehegöttinnen", in Fritz, Matthias; Zeifelder, Susanne (in de), Novalis Indogermanica: Festschrift für Günter Neumann zum 80. Geburstag, Grazer vergleichende Arbeiten, Graz: Leykam, pp. 357–380, ISBN 3701100322 .
  69. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: wa-na-ka.
  70. ↑ Dāmos: PY 1227 Fr (2).
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Palaima (2006), page 66.
  72. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: di-we.
  73. ↑ Palaeolexicon:The Linear B word di-we; The Linear B word di-wo.
  74. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: di-ka-ta.
  75. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word di-ka-ta-jo.
  76. ↑ Δικταῖος in Liddell and Scott.
  77. ↑ Chadwick, John; Baumbach, Lydia (1963). "The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary". Glotta 41.3&4: 157–271, p. 176f; s.v. Ἄρτεμις. "a-te-mi-to- (genitive)". 
  78. ↑ Souvinous, C. (1970). "A-TE-MI-TO and A-TI-MI-TE". Kadmos 9: 42–47. doi:10.1515/kadm.1970.9.1.42. 
  79. ↑ Christidis, T. (1972). "Further remarks on A-TE-MI-TO and A-TI-MI-TE". Kadmos 11.2: 125–28. 
  80. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word a-ti-mi-te.
  81. ↑ 81.00 81.01 81.02 81.03 81.04 81.05 81.06 81.07 81.08 81.09 Nosch, Marie-Louise, in Fischer-Hansen and Poulsen (2009), page 22.
  82. ↑ Palaima, Thomas G. (2008). "DAIS The Aegean Feast. Proceedings of the 12th International Aegean Conference". in Hitchcock, Louise A.; Laffineur, Robert; Crowley, Janice. 12th International Aegean Conference. University of Melbourne. Liège, Austin. 383–389. 
  83. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: do-qe-ja.
  84. ↑ Dāmos: PY 607 An (1).
  85. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: KN Gg 705, KN Od 714+.
  86. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: e-re-u-ti-ja.
  87. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word e-re-u-ti-ja.
  88. ↑ Bernabé, Alberto; Luján, Eugenio R. Introducción al Griego Micénico: Gramática, selección de textos y glosario. Monografías de Filología Grega Vol. 30. Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza. 2020. p. 234.
  89. ↑ Luján, Eugénio R. "Los temas en -s en micénico". In: Donum Mycenologicum: Mycenaean Studies in Honour of Francisco Aura Jorro. Edited by Alberto Bernabé and Eugenio R. Luján. Bibliothèque des cahiers de L'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain Vol. 131. Louvain-la-Neuve; Walpole, MA: Peeters. 2014. p. 68.
  90. ↑ Lejeune, Michel. "Une présentation du Mycénien". In: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 69, 1967, n° 3–4. p. 281. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/rea.1967.3800]; www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1967_num_69_3_3800
  91. ↑ Nakassis, Dimitri. "Labor and Individuals in Late Bronze Age Pylos". In: Labor in the Ancient World. Edited by Piotr Steinkeller and Michael Hudson. Dresden: ISLET-Verlag. 2015 [2005]. p. 605. ISBN 978-3-9814842-3-6.
  92. ↑ Davies, Anna Morpurgo (1972). "Greek and Indo-European semiconsonants: Mycenaean u and w". In: Acta Mycenaea, vol. 2 (M.S. Ruipérez, ed.). Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca. p. 93.
  93. ↑ Jorro, Francisco Aura. "Reflexiones sobre el léxico micénico" In: Conuentus Classicorum: temas y formas del Mundo Clásico. Coord. por Jesús de la Villa, Emma Falque Rey, José Francisco González Castro, María José Muñoz Jiménez, Vol. 1, 2017, pp. 307. ISBN 978-84-697-8214-9.
  94. ↑ Chadwick, John, and Lydia Baumbach. "The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary". In: Glotta 41, no. 3/4 (1963): 198. Accessed March 12, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40265918.
  95. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: e-ri-nu.
  96. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word e-ri-nu-we.
  97. ↑ Dāmos: KN 1 Fp(1) + 31 (138), KN 390 Fh (141).
  98. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word e-ra.
  99. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word i-pe-me-de-ja.
  100. ↑ Palaeolexicon: ko-ma-we-te-ja.
  101. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: ko-ma-we.
  102. ↑ κόμη in Liddell and Scott.
  103. ↑ Beekes 2009, pp 858-859.
  104. ↑ "ra-ti-jo". http://www.palaeolexicon.com/Word/Show/26496/. 
  105. ↑ "ra-to". http://www.palaeolexicon.com/Word/Show/16912/. 
  106. ↑ West, David R. (1995). Some Cults of Greek Goddesses and Female Daemons of Oriental Origin. Butzon & Bercker. p. 99. ISBN 9783766698438. https://books.google.com/books?id=sZ9tAAAAMAAJ. 
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 Castleden (2003), page 112.
  108. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: ma-na-sa.
  109. ↑ "Mother Goddesses". http://www.timelessmyths.com/classical/mother.html. 
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 110.3 110.4 110.5 Burkert (1985), page 44.
  111. ↑ μήτηρ in Liddell and Scott.
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 θεῖος-α-ον, θεός, θεά in Liddell and Scott.
  113. ↑ Francisco & Francisco 1999, p. 121.
  114. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: KN Fp 13.
  115. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word pi-pi-tu-na.
  116. ↑ Hägg (1997), page 166.
  117. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: Po-ti-ni-ja.
  118. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word po-ti-ni-ja.
  119. ↑ πότνια in Liddell and Scott.
  120. ↑ ἵππειος-α-ον, ἵππος in Liddell and Scott.
  121. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: si-to-po-ti-ni-ja.
  122. ↑ σῖτος, Σιτώ in Liddell and Scott.
  123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 Nosch, Marie Louise, in Fischer-Hansen and Poulsen (2009), page 31.
  124. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: wo-ko-de.
  125. ↑ Dāmos: TH Of 36 (303).
  126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 "Lesson 26: Narrative. Mycenaean and Late Cycladic Religion and Religious Architecture". Dartmouth College. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~prehistory/aegean/?page_id=651. 
  127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 Linear B Transliterations: pa-ki-ja-ne.
  128. ↑ καί, τε in Liddell and Scott.
  129. ↑ et, qve. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  130. ↑ Gulizio (2000), pages 107–108.
  131. ↑ Trzaskoma et al (2004), page 450.
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 Linear B Transliterations: a-si-wi-ja, a-*64-ja.
  133. ↑ ὑπό in Liddell and Scott.
  134. ↑ ὑφαίνω in Liddell and Scott.
  135. ↑ Dāmos: PY 1281 An + frr.: 10 + fr. (12).
  136. ↑ Burkert (1985), pages 45, 364.
  137. ↑ Chadwick, John (1966). "The Olive Oil tablets of Knossos". in Palmer, L.R.; Chadwick, John. Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium on Mycenaean Studies. Cambridge University Press. p. 29. https://books.google.com/books?id=s-48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA30. 
  138. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: qe-ra-si-ja.
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word qe-ra-si-ja.
  140. ↑ θήρ in Liddell and Scott.
  141. ↑ Nosch, Marie Louise, in Fischer-Hansen and Poulsen (2009), pages 22–23.
  142. ↑ βοῦς in Liddell and Scott.
  143. ↑ Campanile, Enrico (1985). "Old Irish Boand". Journal of Indo-European Studies 13.3&4: 477–479. 
  144. ↑ Bartoněk, Antonín (2002). "2. Substantiva und Adjektiva der I., II. und III. Deklination: I. Deklination (Substantiva)". Handbuch des mykenischen Griechisch. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. WINTER. pp. 165–6. ISBN 3825314359. 
  145. ↑ Ventris and Chadwick (1973), Mycenaean Vocabulary wa-no-so-i.
  146. ↑ Dāmos: PY 1219.
  147. ↑ Gulizio (2008), page 3ff.
  148. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: pa-si-te-o-i.
  149. ↑ πᾶς in Liddell and Scott.
  150. ↑ Linear B Transliterations: po-ro-te-u.
  151. ↑ Bartoněk, Antonin (2002). "Mycenaean words in Homer". in Clairis, Christos. Recherches en linquistique grecque. L'Harmattan. p. 94. ISBN 2-7475-2742-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=KKWlkCfX1ZsC&pg=PA94. 
  152. ↑ Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word po-ro-te-u.
  153. ↑ Kristiansen, Kristian; Larsson, Thomas B. (2005). The Rise of Bronze Age Society: Travels, Transmissions and Transformations. Cambridge University Press. 

Sources

Books

Articles in journals, periodicals and of conferences

Online databases and dictionaries

Mycenaean Greek and Linear B
Ancient Greek, Latin and of English etymology

Further reading

  • Duev, Ratko. "di-wi-ja and e-ra in the Linear B texts". In: Pierre Carlier, Additional editors: Charles De Lamberterie, Markus Egetmeyer, Nicole Guilleux, Françoise Rougemont and Julien Zurbach (editors). Études mycéniennes 2010. Actes du XIIIe colloque international sur les textes égéens, Sèvres, Paris, Nanterre, 20-23 septembre 2010. Biblioteca di Pasiphae. 10. Pisa; Roma: Fabrizio Serra editore, 2012. pp. 195–205. ISBN 9788862274722
  • Flouda, Georgia. “The Goddess Eileithyia in the Knossian Linear B Tablets”. In: Honors to Eileithyia at Ancient Inatos: The Sacred Cave of Eileithyia at Tsoutsouros. Crete: Highlights of the Collection. Edited by Athanasia Kanta et al., INSTAP Academic Press, 2022. pp. 33–36, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2f4v5x3.12. Accessed 10 Apr. 2022.
  • LEUVEN, JON C. (1979). "MYCENAEAN GODDESSES CALLED POTNIA". Kadmos 18 (2): 112-129. doi:10.1515/kadm.1979.18.2.112. 
  • Morris, S.P. (2001). Laffineur, R.; Hägg, R.. eds. "Potnia Aswiya: Anatolian Contributions to Greek Religion". Aegaeum (Belgium) 22: Potnia. Deities and Religion in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 8th International Aegean Conference; Göteborg, Göteborg University: 423–434. 
  • Sergent, Bernard (1990). "Héortologie du mois Plowistos de Pylo". Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 16 (1): 175–217. doi:10.3406/dha.1990.1464. 
  • Wachter, Rudolf. "Homeric – Mycenaean Word Index (MYC)". In: Prolegomena. Edited by Joachim Latacz, Anton Bierl and Stuart Douglas Olson [English Edition]. Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. pp. 236–258. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501501746-015



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