Naxos Syndrome

Naxos disease
Naxos disease
Other names: Diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy
	Cutaneous phenotype of Naxos disease: woolly hair (A), palmar (B) and plantar (C) keratoses.

Naxos disease (also known as "diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy,"^[1] "diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, first described on the island of Naxos by Nikos Protonotarios,"^[1] and "Naxos disease"^[1]) is a cutaneous condition characterized by a palmoplantar keratoderma.^[1] The prevalence of the syndrome is up to 1 in every 1000 people in the Greek islands.^[2]

It has been associated with mutations in the genes encoding the proteins desmoplakin, plakoglobin, desmocollin-2, and SRC-interacting protein (SIP).^[3]^[4] A variation of Naxos syndrome is known as Carvajal syndrome.^[2]

Symptoms and signs[edit | edit source]

a) Striate palmar keratoderma, b) striate plantar keratoderma

Between 80 and 99% of those with Naxos disease will display some of the following symptoms:r^[5]

Disease of the heart muscle
Thickening of palms and soles
Sudden increased heart rate
Dizzy spells
Kinked hai
Cardiomegaly
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Detachment of nail
Sparse body hair

Cause[edit | edit source]

DSP

The desmosomal proteins plakoglobin and desmoplakin take on mutations that cause Naxos disease. ^[6]

Increased mechanical stress leads to cell death, due to defects in linking sites of plakoglobin and desmoplakin which can interrupt series of cell adhesion^[6]

Management[edit | edit source]

The treatment for this condition is based on the following:^[6]

Automatic cardioverter defibrillator
Antiarrhythmic drugs
Heart transplantation

References[edit | edit source]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Protonotarios, Nikos; Tsatsopoulou, Adalena (2006). "Naxos disease: Cardiocutaneous syndrome due to cell adhesion defect". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 1 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-4. PMC 1435994. PMID 16722579.
↑ McKoy G, Protonotarios N, Crosby A, et al. (June 2000). "Identification of a deletion in plakoglobin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair (Naxos disease)". Lancet. 355 (9221): 2119–24. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02379-5. PMID 10902626. S2CID 39821701.
↑ "Keratoderma with woolly hair". Genetics Home Reference. April 17, 2018. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
↑ "Naxos disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-18. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Naxos disease". www.orpha.net. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2021.

External links[edit | edit source]

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[Bolognia-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.

[Tsat-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Protonotarios, Nikos; Tsatsopoulou, Adalena (2006). "Naxos disease: Cardiocutaneous syndrome due to cell adhesion defect". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 1 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-4. PMC 1435994. PMID 16722579.

[pmid10902626-3] McKoy G, Protonotarios N, Crosby A, et al. (June 2000). "Identification of a deletion in plakoglobin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair (Naxos disease)". Lancet. 355 (9221): 2119–24. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02379-5. PMID 10902626. S2CID 39821701.

[4] "Keratoderma with woolly hair". Genetics Home Reference. April 17, 2018. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.

[5] "Naxos disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-18. Retrieved 2021-04-04.

[orp-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Naxos disease". www.orpha.net. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2021.