Sinope (Moon)

Sinope
	Sinope photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory on 14 August 1998
Discovery
Discovered by	Seth B. Nicholson
Discovery site	Lick Observatory
Discovery date	21 July 1914
Designations
Designation	Jupiter IX
Pronunciation	/səˈnoʊpiː/
Named after	Σινώπη Sinōpē
Adjectives	Sinopean /saɪnəˈpiːən/
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Observation arc	103.87 yr (37,938 days)
Semi-major axis	0.1629144 astronomical unit\|AU (24,371,650 km)
Eccentricity	0.3366550
Orbital period	–777.29 d; (2.13 years)
Mean anomaly	71.53524°
Mean motion	0° 27m 47.33s / day
Inclination	158.63840° (to ecliptic)
Longitude of ascending node	8.61437°
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	60.30205°
Satellite of	Jupiter
Group	Pasiphae group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	35.0±0.6 km
Rotation period	13.16±0.10 h
Albedo	0.042±0.006
Apparent magnitude	18.3
Absolute magnitude (H)	11.1

Short description: Moon of Jupiter

Sinope /səˈnoʊpiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914,^[1] and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology.

Sinope did not receive its present name until 1975;^[10]^[11] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter IX. It was sometimes called "Hades"^[12] between 1955 and 1975.

Orbit

Pasiphae group.

Sinope orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Its orbit is continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.^[13] Sinope is believed to belong to the Pasiphae group of retrograde irregular moons.^[14] However, given its mean inclination and different colour, Sinope could be also an independent object, captured independently, unrelated to the collision and break-up at the origin of the group.^[15] The diagram illustrates Sinope's orbital elements in relation to other satellites of the group.

Sinope is also known to be in a secular resonance with Jupiter, similar to Pasiphae. However, Sinope can drop out of this resonance and has periods of both resonant and non-resonant behaviour in time scales of 10⁷ years.^[16]

Physical characteristics

Sinope observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft in 2014

From measurements of its thermal emission, Sinope has an estimated diameter of 35 km (22 mi).^[7] Sinope is red (colour indices B−V=0.84, R−V=0.46),^[15] unlike Pasiphae, which is grey.

Sinope's infrared spectrum is similar to those of D-type asteroids but different from that of Pasiphae.^[17] These dissimilarities of the physical parameters suggest a different origin from the core members of the group.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 26 (1): 197–198. doi:10.1086/122336. PMID 16586574. PMC 1090718. Bibcode: 1914PASP...26..197N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0026//0000197.000.html.
↑ "Sinope". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Sinope.
↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
↑ Sergey Vnukov (2010) "Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16
↑ Hector Stuart (1876) Ben Nebo, and Other Poems, p. 22
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 "M.P.C. 111777". Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 25 September 2018. https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2018/MPC_20180925.pdf.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Grav, T.Expression error: Unrecognized word "etal". (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal 809 (1): 9. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. 3. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...809....3G.
↑ Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal 102: 1213–1225. doi:10.1086/115949. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1991AJ....102.1213L.
↑ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. https://sites.google.com/carnegiescience.edu/sheppard/moons/jupitermoons. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
↑ Nicholson, S. B. (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 51 (300): 85–94. doi:10.1086/125010. Bibcode: 1939PASP...51...85N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0051//0000093.000.html. (in which he declines to name the recently discovered satellites (pp. 93–94))
↑ IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October (naming the moon)
↑ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
↑ Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The orbits of outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal 120 (5): 2679–2686. doi:10.1086/316817. Bibcode: 2000AJ....120.2679J. https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/2014/15175/1/00-1187.pdf.
↑ Sheppard, S. S.; and Jewitt, D. C.; An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter, Nature, Vol. 423 (May 2003), pp. 261-263
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Vol. 166 (2003), pp. 33-45
↑ Nesvorný, D.; Beaugé, C.; Dones, L. (2004). "Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal 127 (3): 1768–1783. doi:10.1086/382099. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.1768N. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/127/3/1768/203442.html.
↑ Grav, T.; Holman, M. J. (2004). "Near-Infrared Photometry of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal 605 (2): L141–L144. doi:10.1086/420881. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...605L.141G.

External links

Sinope Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
David Jewitt pages
Jupiter's Known Satellites (by Scott S. Sheppard)
Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES

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[Nicholson1914-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 26 (1): 197–198. doi:10.1086/122336. PMID 16586574. PMC 1090718. Bibcode: 1914PASP...26..197N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0026//0000197.000.html.

[2] "Sinope". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Sinope.

[3] Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

[4] Sergey Vnukov (2010) "Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16

[5] Hector Stuart (1876) Ben Nebo, and Other Poems, p. 22

[MPC111777-6] 6.0 ^6.1 "M.P.C. 111777". Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 25 September 2018. https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2018/MPC_20180925.pdf.

[Grav2015-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Grav, T.Expression error: Unrecognized word "etal". (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal 809 (1): 9. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. 3. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...809....3G.

[Luu1991-8] Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal 102: 1213–1225. doi:10.1086/115949. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1991AJ....102.1213L.

[SheppardMoons-9] Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. https://sites.google.com/carnegiescience.edu/sheppard/moons/jupitermoons. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

[Nicholson1938-10] Nicholson, S. B. (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 51 (300): 85–94. doi:10.1086/125010. Bibcode: 1939PASP...51...85N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0051//0000093.000.html. (in which he declines to name the recently discovered satellites (pp. 93–94))

[11] IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October (naming the moon)

[Gaposchkin-12] Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.

[Jacobson2000-13] Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The orbits of outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal 120 (5): 2679–2686. doi:10.1086/316817. Bibcode: 2000AJ....120.2679J. https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/2014/15175/1/00-1187.pdf.

[SheppardJewitt2003-14] Sheppard, S. S.; and Jewitt, D. C.; An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter, Nature, Vol. 423 (May 2003), pp. 261-263

[Grav2003-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Vol. 166 (2003), pp. 33-45

[Nesvorny2004-16] Nesvorný, D.; Beaugé, C.; Dones, L. (2004). "Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal 127 (3): 1768–1783. doi:10.1086/382099. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.1768N. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/127/3/1768/203442.html.

[Grav2004-17] Grav, T.; Holman, M. J. (2004). "Near-Infrared Photometry of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal 605 (2): L141–L144. doi:10.1086/420881. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...605L.141G.

v t e Moons of Jupiter
Listed in approximately increasing distance from Jupiter. Provisional designations in italics.
Inner moons	Metis Adrastea Amalthea Thebe
Galilean moons	Io Europa Ganymede Callisto
Themisto group	Themisto
Himalia group	Leda Himalia Ersa Pandia Lysithea Elara Dia
Carpo group	Carpo
Valetudo group	Valetudo
Ananke group	S/2003 J 12(?) Euporie Eupheme Jupiter LV Jupiter LII Thelxinoe Euanthe Helike Orthosie Jupiter LXVIII Jupiter LIV Jupiter LXIV Iocaste S/2003 J 16(?) Praxidike Harpalyke Mneme Hermippe Thyone Jupiter LXX Ananke
Carme group	Jupiter LXXII Herse Aitne Kale Taygete Jupiter LXI Chaldene S/2003 J 10(?) Erinome Kallichore Jupiter LXVI Jupiter LXIX Kalyke Carme Jupiter LXIII Pasithee Jupiter LI Eukelade Arche Isonoe S/2003 J 9(?) Eirene
Pasiphae group	Jupiter LXVII Philophrosyne S/2003 J 23(?) Aoede Callirrhoe Eurydome Kore Cyllene Jupiter LVI Jupiter LIX S/2003 J 4(?) Pasiphae Hegemone Sinope Sponde Autonoe Megaclite S/2003 J 2(?)
Rings of Jupiter In fiction

Sinope (Moon)

Contents

Orbit

Physical characteristics

See also

References

External links