Horse (Geology)

Short description: Block of rock completely surrounded by mineral veins or fault planes

Diagram showing development of thrust-bounded horses within a thrust duplex

A horse sits between the walls of this normal fault located near Upheaval Dome, Utah. The fault plane traces from the upper right to the lower left of the image. The horse is the broad lens-shaped feature in the rock defined by the splitting and rejoining of the trace of the fault plane.

A horse, in geology, is any block of rock completely separated from the surrounding rock either by mineral veins or fault planes. In mining, a horse is a block of country rock entirely encased within a mineral lode.^[1] In structural geology the term was first used to describe the thrust-bounded imbricates found within a thrust duplex.^[2] In later literature it has become a general term for any block entirely bounded by faults, whether the overall deformation type is contractional, extensional or strike-slip in nature.^[3]^[4]

References

↑ Butler, F.H. 1911. The brecciation of mineral veins.
↑ Dennis, J.G. 1967. International tectonic dictionary. AAPG Memoir 7, 196pp.
↑ Root, K.G. 1990. Extensional duplex in the Purcell Mountains of southeastern British Columbia. Geology, 18, 419-421
↑ Laney, Stephen E; Gates, Alexander E (1996), "Three-dimensional shuffling of horses in a strike-slip duplex: an example from the Lambertville sill, New Jersey", Tectonophysics 258 (1–4): 53–70, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(95)00173-5

External links

"Horse. A miner's term". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

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[1] Butler, F.H. 1911. The brecciation of mineral veins.

[2] Dennis, J.G. 1967. International tectonic dictionary. AAPG Memoir 7, 196pp.

[3] Root, K.G. 1990. Extensional duplex in the Purcell Mountains of southeastern British Columbia. Geology, 18, 419-421

[4] Laney, Stephen E; Gates, Alexander E (1996), "Three-dimensional shuffling of horses in a strike-slip duplex: an example from the Lambertville sill, New Jersey", Tectonophysics 258 (1–4): 53–70, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(95)00173-5

v t e Structural geology
Underlying theory	Strain Stress Stress field Mohr–Coulomb theory Mohr's circle Lamé's stress ellipsoid Strain partitioning Tension Overburden pressure Deformation mechanism Rock mechanics
Measurement conventions	Strike and dip Rake Inclinometer Brunton compass Stereographic projection Orthographic projection
Large-Scale Tectonics	Plate tectonics Orogeny Structural basin Rift Extensional tectonics Graben Half-graben Décollement Obduction List of tectonic plate interactions Nappe Continental collision Convergent boundary Fenster Klippe Fold and thrust belt Foreland basin Accretionary wedge Terrane Mountain formation Fold mountains Fault block Horst Rift valley Mélange Thick-skinned deformation Thin-skinned deformation Thrust tectonics Passive margin Extensional tectonics Divergent boundary Back-arc basin Intra-arc basin Strike-slip tectonics Syneclise Suture Saddle Inversion Horst and graben Horse Pull-apart basin Autochthon Allochthon
Fracturing	Joint Exfoliation joint Vein Dike Columnar jointing
Faulting	Thrust fault Detachment fault Disturbance Fault mechanics Fault trace Fault scarp Transform fault Transfer zone Cataclastic rock Cataclasite
Foliation and Lineation	Rock microstructure Crenulation Cleavage Slickenside Pressure solution Stylolite Compaction Fissility Oblique foliation Tectonic phase Tectonite
Folding	Vergence Anticline Syncline Dome Monocline Chevron Homocline Detachment fold
Boudinage	Competence
Kinematic Analysis	3D fold evolution Section restoration Paleostress Paleostress inversion
Shear zone	Shear Pure shear Mylonite