Ted Cruz

From Ballotpedia
Ted Cruz
Image of Ted Cruz

Republican Party

U.S. Senate Texas

Tenure

2013 - Present

Term ends

2025

Years in position

8

Prior offices
Solicitor General of Texas

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000

Net worth

(2012) $3,094,523

Elections and appointments
Last elected

November 6, 2018

Education

High school

Second Baptist High School

Bachelor's

Princeton University

Law

Harvard

Personal
Religion
Christian: Baptist
Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

Official Twitter

Official Instagram

Official YouTube

Campaign Facebook

Personal Twitter

Personal LinkedIn

Ted Cruz (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Texas. He assumed office on January 3, 2013. His current term ends on January 3, 2025.

Cruz (Republican Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Texas. He won in the general election on November 6, 2018.

Cruz previously served as Solicitor General for Texas from 2003-2008, during which he argued nine cases before the Supreme Court.

He won re-election in 2018, defeating Beto O'Rourke in the general election. The race saw the most spending in U.S. history specifically by the candidates themselves.[1]

Cruz ran for the Republican Party nomination for president in 2016.[2] He suspended his presidential campaign on May 3, 2016, after losing the Indiana Republican primary to Donald Trump.[3]

Cruz was one of four Latino U.S. senators serving in the 115th Congress.[4]

Cruz defeated David Dewhurst in the Republican Party primary for United States Senate in 2012. Dewhurst had finished in first place in the initial primary, with Cruz in second. After both advanced to the runoff, Cruz won with 56 percent of the vote.[5][6]


Cruz was included on President Donald Trump’s (R) list of 20 potential U.S. Supreme Court nominees released on September 9, 2020.[7] President Trump (R) nominated Amy Coney Barrett to the seat on September 26, 2020. For more information on the 2020 Supreme Court vacancy created by the death of former Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg on September 18, 2020, click here.

Contents

Biography[edit]

Cruz was born in Calgary in Alberta, Canada, where his parents were working in the Alberta oil fields. In 1974 they returned to the Houston area.[8]

Cruz graduated from Second Baptist High School as valedictorian in 1988. He earned his B.A. in Public Policy from Princeton University in 1992. He went on to receive his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1995. Cruz then worked in the following positions in the law field: law clerk to Chief Justice of the United States William Rehnquist, associate deputy attorney general for the U.S. Department of Justice and director of the Office of Policy Planning for the Federal Trade Commission.[9]

Cruz served as Solicitor General of Texas from 2003 to 2008. In this role he was the youngest Solicitor General in the nation, as well as the longest-serving and first Hispanic Solicitor General in the state. Among his accomplishments, Cruz argued 40 oral arguments, including nine before the U.S. Supreme Court.[10]

Career[edit]

Below is an abbreviated outline of Cruz's academic, professional, and political career:[11]

Committee assignments[edit]

U.S. Senate[edit]

2021-2022

Cruz was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2019-2020

Cruz was assigned to the following committees:

2017-2018[edit]

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Cruz was assigned to the following committees:[12]

2015-2016[edit]

Cruz served on the following committees:[13]

2013-2014[edit]

Cruz served on the following Senate committees:[14]

Key votes[edit]

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2020[edit]

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018[edit]

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress[edit]

Elections[edit]

2018[edit]

See also: United States Senate election in Texas, 2018
See also: United States Senate election in Texas (March 6, 2018 Republican primary)

General election
General election for U.S. Senate Texas

Incumbent Ted Cruz defeated Beto O'Rourke and Neal Dikeman in the general election for U.S. Senate Texas on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Ted_Cruz.jpg

Ted Cruz (R)
 
50.9
 
4,260,553

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Beto_O_Rourke-7_fixed.jpg

Beto O'Rourke (D)
 
48.3
 
4,045,632

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Neal_Dikeman-min.jpg

Neal Dikeman (L)
 
0.8
 
65,470

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 8,371,655

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas

Beto O'Rourke defeated Sema Hernandez and Edward Kimbrough in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Beto_O_Rourke-7_fixed.jpg

Beto O'Rourke
 
61.8
 
640,769

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/sema-hernandez.jpg

Sema Hernandez
 
23.7
 
245,847

Silhouette Placeholder Image.png

Edward Kimbrough
 
14.5
 
149,851

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,036,467

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Texas

Incumbent Ted Cruz defeated Mary Miller, Bruce Jacobson Jr., Stefano de Stefano, and Geraldine Sam in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Ted_Cruz.jpg

Ted Cruz
 
85.3
 
1,315,146

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Mary_Miller.jpg

Mary Miller
 
6.1
 
94,274

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/fullsizeoutput_1208.jpeg

Bruce Jacobson Jr.
 
4.2
 
64,452

Image of tmp/aMEQgVr3InYQ/data/media/images/Stefano_02.jpg

Stefano de Stefano
 
2.9
 
44,251

Silhouette Placeholder Image.png

Geraldine Sam
 
1.5
 
22,767

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,540,890

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates


2016[edit]

See also: Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016 and Presidential election, 2016

Cruz was a Republican candidate for the office of President of the United States in 2016. He announced the launch of his campaign in a tweet on March 23, 2015.[121] He suspended his presidential campaign on May 3, 2016, after losing the Indiana Republican primary to Donald Trump.[3]

2012[edit]

See also: United States Senate elections in Texas, 2012
U.S. Senate, Texas General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngTed Cruz 56.5% 4,440,137
     Democratic Paul Sadler 40.6% 3,194,927
     Libertarian John Jay Myers 2.1% 162,354
     Green David B. Collins 0.9% 67,404
Total Votes 7,864,822
Source: Texas Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"
U.S. Senate Runoff Election, Texas Republican Primary, 2012
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngTed Cruz 56.8% 631,812
David Dewhurst 43.2% 480,126
Total Votes 1,111,938

Campaign themes[edit]

2018[edit]

Campaign website[edit]

Cruz’s campaign website stated the following:


“

Proven Leader. Proven Record.

Ted Cruz understands the unique history of our state, and fights for our values every day in the U.S. Senate.

As our U.S. Senator, Cruz has consistently

  • Defended our Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms
  • Led the fight to stop amnesty, and championed creative solutions to fund the border security we need to keep us safe
  • Passed legislation to fund and guide NASA
  • Advocated for our military

Ted is consistently on the front line of the issues of the day and delivering for over 28 million Texans.

Most candidates run on a list of issues, but Ted has always run on his record. That record is consistent, conservative, and clear: Ted Cruz works for Texas.

Defending the Constitution

“Ted Cruz has been a tireless defender of the Constitution and the founding principles that have made this the greatest country the world has ever known.”

- Utah Senator Mike Lee

  • Fought to keep the US out of the UN Arms Treaty, which would have subordinated the Second Amendment rights of American citizens to global interests.
  • Called for a special prosecutor to investigate the IRS’s targeting of American citizens’ political activity.
  • Defended Americans’ First Amendment rights against Democrats who sought to limit freedom of expression.
  • Galvanized national support for Houston pastors targeted and forced by the City of Houston to submit religious sermons for political scrutiny.
  • Defended students’ right to display banners containing religious content at school sporting events.

Successfully defended the constitutionality of the Texas Ten Commandments monument, winning a 5-4 landmark decision before the U.S. Supreme Court.

  • Fought and won a landmark victory at the Supreme Court in Medellin v. Texas; protected U.S. sovereignty against 90 foreign nations and the president to ensure the United States is not subject to rulings of the “World Court.”
  • Defended Hobby Lobby and Conestoga Wood Specialties against Obamacare’s contraception mandate.
  • Fought to help the Boy Scouts of America reverse a district court ruling barring them from leasing a public park.

Jobs and Opportunity

  • The first bill Ted offered as a US Senator was to repeal every word of Obamacare.
  • Fought for Texas jobs by authoring the NASA Transition Authorization Act, which President Trump signed into law on March 21, 2017.
  • Authored legislation empowering greater private sector engagement in commercial space exploration that was signed into law by President Obama.
  • Sponsored Audit the Fed legislation.
  • Authored resolution, signed by President Trump, eliminating Obama-era rules that restricted Texas’ discretion over its unemployment insurance programs.
  • Proposed a tax plan to dramatically reduce taxes for American families and individuals, simplify the tax code and spur significant economic growth.
  • Mobilized a national effort to defund Obamacare and repeal the disastrous law in its entirety.
  • Introduced the American Energy Renaissance Act to open up energy exploration, expand Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) exports, end the crude oil export ban, that with other reforms unleashed job creation across the state of Texas.
  • Sponsored the Affordable Reliable Energy Now Act (ARENA), to check President Obama’s overreaching “Clean Power Plan” regulations that infringe on states’ rights, drive up costs for consumers and hamper innovation.
  • Fought against budget increases that failed to bring about meaningful spending reforms.
  • Opposed the Internet Sales Tax, and spoke against establishment politicians who attempt to impose more unnecessary taxes on Americans.

Limiting Washington's Power

  • Fought to protect citizens’ free speech against unlawful and unjust targeting and designations by the IRS.
  • Opposed budget increases that failed to bring about meaningful spending reforms.
  • Advocated for reforms to boost economic growth, including repealing Obamacare, deregulation, and expansion of energy production.
  • Opposed raising the debt ceiling without addressing out-of-control Washington spending.
  • Voted against establishment politicians’ Christmas handouts to K-Street.
  • Opposed sugar subsidies and favoring a few over the American taxpayer.
  • Voted to repeal the Renewable Fuel Standard so that all can compete on an equal footing.
  • Opposed budget deals that reauthorized the Export-Import bank, a handmaiden of the Washington Cartel.

Second Amendment

“Ted Cruz is one of our nation’s leading defenders of the Second Amendment. For over a decade, Ted has fought tirelessly to defend our constitutional right to keep and bear arms, and his leadership was absolutely critical to our major victories before the U.S. Supreme Court.” – NRA executive Vice President Wayne LaPierre

  • Led the fight in Congress to stop legislation that would restrict the Second Amendment rights of law-abiding Americans.
  • Authored legislation to strengthen citizens’ Second Amendment rights and allow interstate firearms sales.
  • Argued on behalf of 31 states in District of Columbia v. Heller where the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a ban on firearms in a 5-4 landmark decision.
  • Awarded the NRA’s 2010 Carter-Knight Freedom Fund, which “rewards exemplary activities in the support and protection of the right to Keep and Bear Arms” for his work in the Heller and McDonald

Securing the Border

“We have to have an advocate in Congress, which I believe is Ted Cruz.”

- Border Patrol Agent Brandon Judd President of the National Border Patrol Council

  • Introduced the EL CHAPO Act to direct funds forfeited after the conviction of drug cartel members to construction of a wall on the southern border of the United States.
  • Coalesced conservatives across the country to defeat the Gang of Eight bill that failed to secure the border and would have granted amnesty to millions who came to the United States illegally.
  • During the Gang of Eight fight, offered a series of amendments, including measures to prevent citizenship for those here illegally, to block illegals’ access to federal, state, or local public assistance benefits, secure the border, triple the size of the Border Patrol, and implement a biometric entry-exit system.
  • Introduced Kate’s Law to establish a 5-year minimum sentence for those who illegally reenter the country.
  • Introduced with Jeff Sessions the American Jobs First Act of 2015, to reform the H-1B visa program, curb abuse, and protect American workers.
  • Proposed a number of measures to defund President Obama’s amnesty and prevent him from expanding it.

Servicemen and Women

  • Fought on behalf of the men and women injured during the 2009 terror attack at Fort Hood asserting their eligibility to receive the Purple Heart.
  • Successfully advocated to bring an F-35 squadron to the Naval Air Station Joint Base Fort Worth.
  • Helped secure more than $224 million in military construction funds to rebuild Texas’ military infrastructure.
  • Added language to the Military Construction and Veterans’ Affairs Appropriations bill to require the VA Secretary to provide Congress with a plan to address the long wait times for veterans seeking health care at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System.
  • Introduced the North Korea State Sponsor of Terrorism Designation Act of 2017.
  • Authored legislation calling on the Secretary of State to designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization.
  • Introduced the Terrorist Refugee Infiltration Prevention Act of 2015, barring refugees to the United States from any country that contains substantial territory controlled by a foreign terrorist organization.
  • Introduced the IRGC Terrorist Designation Act, calling on the U.S. Department of State to designate Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a foreign terrorist organization.
  • Called on Congress to take a three-step approach to stop the flow of funds to the Iranian regime under the terms of Corker-Cardin, the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act.
  • Twice introduced the Sanction Iran, Safeguard America Act to reinstate, impose, and expand Iran sanctions.
  • Introduced legislation to prevent terrorists from entering the US as UN ambassadors. The bill passed Congress unanimously and President Obama signed it into law.
  • Twice introduced the Expatriate Terrorist Act, to prevent terrorists who join ISIS or other terrorist groups from re-entering the country, and to make clear that citizens who collaborate with terrorists forfeit their right to US citizenship.
  • Spoke up for our veterans by sponsoring the Department of Veterans Affairs Management Accountability Act, to make it easier for senior executives at the VA to be fired for negligence, mismanagement, and other performance failures.
  • Defended the crosses at the Mojave Desert Veterans Memorial from ACLU attempts to have them removed.
  • Authored legislative language that provides for concept development of a space-based missile defense system to defend against the full spectrum of ballistic missile threats.

Standing with Israel

“Since arriving in Washington four years ago, Cruz has arguably been Israel’s most avid defender in the Senate.”

Caroline B Glick The Jerusalem Post

  • Co-sponsored legislation to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and move the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.

Introduced measure to provide necessary funding for Israel’s missile defense, Arrow System, David’s Sling and Iron Dome.

  • Chaired a hearing for the Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts titled “Justice Forsaken: How the Federal Government Fails the American Victims of Iranian and Palestinian Terrorism” focused on the federal government’s failure to support the American victims of Iranian and Palestinian terrorism.
  • Twice introduced legislation to prohibit negotiations between the United States and Iran until Iran released the American prisoners it is unjustly detaining and recognizes Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish state.
  • Introduced a resolution passed by Congress to condemn Hamas’ use of civilians as human shields.
  • Introduced legislation passed by the Senate to offer rewards to those who handed in information about the kidnappers and murderers of the 3 boys who were murdered in Jerusalem, one of them being an Israeli-US citizen.
  • Brought national attention to the FAA ban on flights into Ben Gurion airport and asked if they the ban was being imposed as a form of economic sanction on Israel. Due in large part to the public pressure brought by Ted Cruz, the ban was lifted.
  • Supports Israel’s Iron Dome program, which in defending Israel also protects US security interests.

Texas Values

“Since Ted Cruz was elected to the U.S. Senate, he has done everything he said he’d do for Texans, and more.”

–Texas Governor Greg Abbott

  • Fought to take away taxpayer dollars from Planned Parenthood.
  • Led the way to preserve the words “under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance at the U.S. Supreme Court.
  • Successfully defended the words “under God” in the Texas Pledge of Allegiance and Texas schools’ moment of silence law in federal district court.
  • Successfully defended the constitutionality of the Texas Ten Commandments monument, winning a 5-4 landmark decision before the U.S. Supreme Court.
  • Defended Texas’s marriage laws when a state court attempted to recognize a Vermont civil union.
  • Successfully defended Texas’s Rider 8, which prohibits state funds for groups that provide abortions.
  • Galvanized national support for Houston pastors who had been subpoenaed by the City of Houston and forced to turn in their sermons.
  • Supported students’ right to display banners containing religious content at school sporting events.
  • Led the charge on behalf of 13 states to successfully defend a federal law that bans partial birth abortion before the U.S. Supreme Court.
  • Advocated for an investigation into abortion practices in the U.S. to prevent the atrocities witnessed in Kermit Gosnell’s facility from ever happening again.
  • Joined 18 states in successfully defending the New Hampshire parental-notification law before the U.S. Supreme Court.
  • Authored legislation and a constitutional amendment in the Senate to prevent federal courts from further interfering with any state’s authority to define marriage.
  • Introduced legislation to protect the right of states to define marriage, without intrusion by unelected federal judges.
  • Introduced measures in Congress to protect service members’ right to worship.[122]
 ”
—Ted Cruz for Senate[123]

Campaign ads[edit]

The following is an example of an ad from Cruz's 2018 election campaign.

"Harvey" - Cruz campaign ad, released August 3, 2018


Issues[edit]

2016 presidential endorsement[edit]

✓ Cruz endorsed Donald Trump for the 2016 presidential general election.[124]

See also: Endorsements for Donald Trump



Debate over changes to immigration law (2014)[edit]

On June 30, 2014, President Barack Obama (D) announced plans to take executive action on immigration reform. Obama blamed House Republicans for failing to act on this issue and said that he would do it on his own without Congress. This came after thousands of unaccompanied children began to show up at the U.S. border.[125]

Cruz's press secretary issued the following statement: "President Obama made many excuses today, but the blame lies at his feet. He has forfeited endless opportunities to work with Congress to pass common sense immigration reform that secures the border and champions legal immigration, while respecting the rule of law. The humanitarian crisis at the border is a direct result of his own policy failures, and his past unilateral actions on immigration display a willingness to stretch his existing legal authorities well beyond the breaking point. This humanitarian crisis will not end until both the president and Congress make it clear that rule of law matters, and those who ignore it and come here illegally will not be allowed to stay and receive de facto amnesty."[126]

National security[edit]

ISIS insurgency in Iraq[edit]

See also: ISIS insurgency in Iraq and Syria

In August 2014, Cruz said that President Barack Obama (D) needed to seek congressional authorization if airstrikes were to continue against ISIS forces in Iraq. Cruz said, "I believe initiating new military hostilities in a sustained basis in Iraq obligates the president to go back to Congress and to make the case and to seek congressional authorization. I hope that if he intends to continue this that he does that." Cruz also stated his support for the policy of bombings and humanitarian aid itself. He stated, "I am glad that President Obama is finally beginning to take the threat of ISIS seriously."[127]

On September 7, 2014, Cruz restated the need for action against ISIS and for Obama to get congressional approval for that action. He said, "President Obama should make the case to the American people and seek authorization from Congress. Formal congressional authorization is required by the Constitution and would force the president to commit to a clearly defined strategy to protect our national security. And it would unite the Congress in the mission to protect America and eradicate ISIS."[128]

Crisis in Gaza[edit]

Cruz announced on July 23, 2014, that he was placing holds on all federal nominees to the U.S. Department of State because of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) decision to stop all flights from the U.S. to Israel, calling it an "economic boycott." The Obama administration replied to Cruz's suggestion, calling the claim "ridiculous and offensive." Cruz responded, stating, "The only thing ‘offensive’ about this situation is how the Obama Administration is spurning our allies to embolden our enemies; the only thing ‘ridiculous’ is the administration’s response to basic questions. Until the State Department answers my questions, I will hold all State Department nominees."[129]

Cruz lifted the hold on July 28, 2014, after he received a briefing on the reasoning behind the flight ban by FAA officials. Cruz explained, "I appreciate the FAA’s efforts to respond to my questions, and so I have lifted my hold on State Department nominees. The hold was designed to force answers to important questions about why the Obama administration had banned flights to Israel. Thankfully, in response to widespread criticism, the administration has now reversed course and lifted its ban on flights to Ben Gurion International Airport."[130]

Hamas[edit]

Cruz and Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) condemned Hamas in a resolution they presented to the Senate on July 28, 2014. Cruz said of Hamas, "Hamas is undoubtedly guilty of violating international humanitarian law through its deliberate, repeated, and consistent use of civilians as human shields. The United States of America, along with the entire international community must expose and denounce Hamas’ barbaric tactics and unequivocally support Israel’s right to self-defense." Reps. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) and Ted Deutch (D-FL) filed the resolution in the House, as well.[131]

Healthcare[edit]

Continuing Resolution filibuster[edit]

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

Cruz spoke for over 21 hours on the floor of the Senate about defunding the Affordable Care Act. He relinquished control of the floor at noon on September 25, 2013. According to Senate rules, the latest he could have spoken was only an hour later at 1 p.m. According to Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.), "This is not a filibuster. This is an agreement that he and I made that he could talk."[132]

During the speech, Cruz was questioned by Democrats Tim Kaine of Virginia and Dick Durbin of Illinois and received the support of Utah Senator Mike Lee and Kentucky Senator Rand Paul.[132]

The speech took place after Cruz called for Republican senators to effectively filibuster the continuing resolution that passed the House in September 2013. He said, "Step two is the Senate, where all accounts suggest Harry Reid plans to use procedural gimmicks to try to add funding back in for Obamacare. If Reid pursues this plan — if he insists on using a 50-vote threshold to fund Obamacare with a partisan vote of only Democrats — then I hope that every Senate Republican will stand together and oppose cloture on the bill in order to keep the House bill intact and not let Harry Reid add Obamacare funding back in."[133]

He went on, "Now is a time for party unity; Senate Republicans should stand side-by-side with courageous House Republicans."[133]


Political activity[edit]

2018[edit]

In Texas' U.S. House Republican primaries, Cruz supported candidates in the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 21st districts. Two of the candidates he endorsed were his former staffers: Jason Wright in District 5 and Chip Roy in District 21.

Cruz made endorsements outside his home state as well. In the special election for Arizona’s 8th Congressional District, Cruz backed former state Sen. Steve Montenegro. He endorsed Cynthia Dunbar, a national committeewoman for the Republican Party of Virginia, in Virginia’s 6th Congressional District. In the Wisconsin Senate race, he supported Kevin Nicholson. He backed Monty Newman in New Mexico's 2nd Congressional District.

The Texas Tribune wrote, “The primaries provide the first real opportunity to gauge Cruz's electoral clout in Texas since 2016, a year best remembered for his failed presidential campaign and tumultuous relationship with then-candidate Donald Trump.”

“Since then,” the Tribune said, “Cruz has worked hard to cultivate the image of a team player in Trump's Washington, aligning with his former bitter rival on a host of issues.”

Campaign donors[edit]


Comprehensive donor history[edit]

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.


Ted Cruz campaign contribution history
Year Office Result Contributions
2018 U.S. Senate Texas  ✔ $42,878,695
Grand total raised $42,878,695

Source: Follow the Money

2018[edit]

U.S. Senate Texas 2018 election - Campaign Contributions
Top industry contributors to Ted Cruz's campaign in 2018
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate $549,610.03
Energy & Natural Resources $428,863.68
General Business $366,685.61
Transportation $310,047.91
Government Agencies/Education/Other $281,782.82
Total Raised in 2018 $42,878,694.53
Source: Follow the Money

U.S. Senate Texas 2018 election - Campaign Contributions
Top individual contributors to Ted Cruz's campaign in 2018
CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD (TED) $257,000.00
ABRAMOWITZ, JOSHUA G $28,500.00
STEWART, MR GORDON $18,700.00
AGEE, MR RICHARD $14,600.00
CAMERON, RONALD M $13,500.00
Total Raised in 2018 $42,878,694.53
Source: Follow the Money



2012[edit]

Cruz won election to the U.S. Senate in 2012. During that election cycle, Cruz's campaign committee raised a total of $14,511,279 and spent $14,031,864.[134] This is more than the average $10.2 million spent by Senate winners in 2012.[135]

Cost per vote[edit]

Cruz spent $3.16 per vote received in the 2012 general election. This is the third lowest among U.S. senators who won election in 2012.


Personal Gain Index[edit]

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth[edit]

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Cruz's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $1,029,049 and $5,159,997. That averages to $3,094,523, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican senators in 2012 of $6,956,438.47. Cruz ranked as the 45th most wealthy senator in 2012.[136] Between 2011 and 2012, Cruz's calculated net worth[137] increased by an average of 83 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[138]

Ted Cruz Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2011$1,695,395
2012$3,094,523
Growth from 2011 to 2012:83%
Average annual growth:83%[139]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[140]
The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric[edit]

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Cruz received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Republican/Conservative industry.

From 2011-2014, 27.78 percent of Cruz's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[141]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Ted Cruz Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $17,812,695
Total Spent $15,686,140
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Republican/Conservative$1,574,249
Lawyers/Law Firms$930,584
Oil & Gas$927,368
Retired$832,361
Securities & Investment$684,141
% total in top industry8.84%
% total in top two industries14.06%
% total in top five industries27.78%

Analysis[edit]

Ideology and leadership[edit]

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Cruz was a rank-and-file Republican as of July 2014. In June 2013, Cruz was rated as a "centrist Republican follower."[142]

Like-minded colleagues[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[143]

Cruz most often votes with:

Cruz least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record[edit]

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Cruz missed 104 of 927 roll call votes from January 2013 to September 2015. This amounts to 11.2 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.[144]

National Journal vote ratings[edit]

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013[edit]

Cruz ranked fourth in the conservative rankings among U.S. senators in 2013.[145]

Voting with party[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014[edit]

Cruz voted with the Republican Party 83.6 percent of the time, which ranked 33rd among the 45 Senate Republican members as of July 2014.[146]

2013[edit]

Cruz voted with the Republican Party 85.4 percent of the time, which ranked 38th among the 44 Senate Republican members as of May 2013.[147]

Noteworthy events[edit]

Electoral vote certification on January 6-7, 2021[edit]

See also: Counting of electoral votes (January 6-7, 2021)

Congress convened a joint session on January 6-7, 2021, to count electoral votes by state and confirm the results of the 2020 presidential election. Cruz voted against certifying the electoral votes from Arizona and Pennsylvania. The Senate rejected both objections by a vote of 6-93 for Arizona and 7-92 for Pennsylvania.

Decision to self-quarantine on March 9, 2020[edit]

See also: Government official, politician, and candidate deaths, diagnoses, and quarantines due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021

Cruz announced on March 9, 2020, that he would self-quarantine following his potential exposure to the coronavirus.[148] Cruz announced he would extend his quarantine period on March 13.[149] Cruz's period of self-quarantine came to an end on March 17.[150]

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Personal[edit]

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Cruz and his wife, Heidi, have two daughters.[9] Heidi works as head of the Southwest Region in the Investment Management Division of Goldman Sachs, assigned to the Houston area.[151]

Cruz was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on December 22, 1970. His father, a Cuban immigrant, fled his home country in 1957 after fighting against the dictator Fulgencio Batista. His mother is Irish-American.[152]

Rafael Cruz[edit]

Cruz's father, Rafael, has made headlines through speaking engagements. At one such engagement in July 2013, Rafael compared President Obama to Fidel Castro.[153]

Rafael Cruz endorsed Katrina Pierson in her primary challenge against Republican incumbent Pete Sessions in Texas' 32nd Congressional District in 2014.[154]

Recent news[edit]

This section links to a Google news search for the term Ted + Cruz + Texas + Senate


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See also[edit]

External links[edit]

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    Footnotes[edit]

    1. ↑ Open Secrets "Most expensive midterms in history set several spending records," accessed February 1, 2019
    2. ↑ NPR, "Republican Thorn Ted Cruz Announces Run For President," March 23, 2015
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Politico, "Ted Cruz drops out of presidential race," May 3, 2016
    4. ↑ U.S. Senate, "Celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month," accessed May 16, 2018
    5. ↑ New York Times "2012 Primary Results in Texas," accessed February 1, 2019
    6. ↑ Fox News Latino, "Ted Cruz Puts Dewhurst on Defensive in Last Debate Before Texas Runoff," July 18, 2012
    7. ↑ White House, "Additions to President Donald J. Trump’s Supreme Court List," September 9, 2020
    8. ↑ Chron, "Cruz's life defies simplification," October 15, 2012
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Project Vote Smart, "Biography," accessed June 2, 2014
    10. ↑ Ted Cruz, "Bio," accessed November 1, 2012
    11. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Rafael Edward (Ted) Cruz," accessed February 25, 2014
    12. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017
    13. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 114th Congress," accessed February 17, 2015
    14. ↑ Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 22, 2013
    15. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
    16. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
    17. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
    18. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
    19. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
    20. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
    21. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
    22. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
    23. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
    24. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
    25. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
    26. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
    27. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
    28. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
    29. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
    30. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    31. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
    32. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    33. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
    34. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
    35. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
    36. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
    37. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
    38. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
    39. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
    40. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
    41. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
    42. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
    43. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
    44. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
    45. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
    46. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
    47. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
    48. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
    49. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
    50. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
    51. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
    52. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
    53. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
    54. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
    55. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
    56. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
    57. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
    58. ↑ Breitbart, "Exclusive – Ted Cruz: Obamatrade enmeshed in corrupt, backroom dealings," June 23, 2015
    59. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015
    60. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
    61. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
    62. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
    63. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
    64. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
    65. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015
    66. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
    67. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
    68. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
    69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
    70. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
    71. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015
    72. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
    73. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
    74. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
    75. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
    76. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
    77. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
    78. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
    79. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2640 to H.J.Res.61," accessed September 10, 2015
    80. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
    81. ↑ Senates.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015
    82. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
    83. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015
    84. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015
    85. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015
    86. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
    87. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015
    88. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General)," accessed April 29, 2015
    89. ↑ The Hill, "Cruz on Loretta Lynch: Absence is a no vote," May 1, 2015
    90. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015
    91. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015
    92. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015
    93. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015
    94. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
    95. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
    96. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "PN 48 - Nomination of John Brennan to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
    97. ↑ CNN, "Rand Paul says he's heard from White House after filibuster," March 7, 2013
    98. ↑ USA Today, "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013
    99. ↑ ABC News, "Rand Paul Wins Applause From GOP and Liberals," March 7, 2013
    100. ↑ The Blaze, "Here Are All the GOP Senators That Participated in Rand Paul’s 12+ Hour Filibuster… and the Ones Who Didn’t," March 7, 2013
    101. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Sen. Rand Paul ends marathon filibuster of John Brennan," March 7, 2013
    102. ↑ Breitbart, "AWOL: Meet The GOP Senators Who Refused to Stand With Rand," March 7, 2013
    103. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul filibuster blasted by Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham," March 7, 2013
    104. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul pulls plug on nearly 13-hour filibuster," March 7, 2017
    105. ↑ Washington Post, "Eric Holder responds to Rand Paul with ‘no’," March 7, 2013
    106. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013)," accessed February 12, 2014
    107. ↑ New York Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014
    108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014
    109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014
    110. ↑ Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
    111. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
    112. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013
    113. ↑ Politico, "Hill pols plan to donate, halt salary," accessed October 1, 2013
    114. ↑ Politico, "Ted Cruz: Shutdown hit family trip," accessed October 9, 2013
    115. ↑ Politico, "Cruz slams fellow GOP senators," October 20, 2013
    116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 116.3 116.4 CBS News, "Senate Rejects Paul Ryan Budget," accessed March 22, 2013
    117. ↑ Washington Post, "10 House Republicans Vote Against Ryan Budget," accessed March 22, 2013
    118. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 325 - To Ensure the Complete and Timely Payment of the Obligations of the United States Government Until May 19, 2013 - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
    119. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "S Amdt 1197 - Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
    120. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "S 47 - Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 - Voting Record," accessed September 25, 2013
    121. ↑ Twitter, "Ted Cruz," accessed March 23, 2015
    122. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    123. ↑ Ted Cruz for Senate, "Proven Leader," accessed September 10, 2018
    124. ↑ CNN, "Ted Cruz endorses Donald Trump," September 23, 2016
    125. ↑ Breitbart, "Obama: I'll Act on My Own on Immigration," June 30, 2014
    126. ↑ Breitbart, "Texas Politicians Lambast Obama's Immigration Speech," July 1, 2014
    127. ↑ Time, "Ted Cruz: Obama Must Seek Congressional Authorization For Iraq Strikes," August 9, 2014
    128. ↑ The Blaze, "Ted Cruz says it’s ‘unacceptable’ for Obama to proceed against Islamic State without Congress," September 8, 2014
    129. ↑ Roll Call, "Cruz Threatens to Delay State Department Nominees Over FAA’s Israel Flight Ban," July 23, 2014
    130. ↑ Politico, "Cruz lifts hold on State nominees," July 28, 2014
    131. ↑ Politico, "Ted Cruz, Kirsten Gillibrand team up on Hamas," July 28, 2014
    132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 Politico, "Ted Cruz ends marathon speech," September 25, 2013
    133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 Roll Call, "Filibuster the House CR? Cruz, Other Conservatives Say ‘Yes’ (Updated)," September 20, 2013
    134. ↑ Open Secrets, "Ted Cruz 2012 Election Cycle," accessed March 4, 2013
    135. ↑ Open Secrets, "Election 2012: The Big Picture Shows Record Cost of Winning a Seat in Congress," accessed June 19, 2013
    136. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Ted Cruz (R-Texas), 2012," accessed March 4, 2013
    137. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).
    138. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
    139. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
    140. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
    141. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Ted Cruz," accessed September 18, 2014
    142. ↑ GovTrack, "Ted Cruz," accessed July 17, 2014
    143. ↑ OpenCongress, "Ted Cruz," archived February 25, 2016
    144. ↑ GovTrack, "Sen. Ted Cruz (R)," accessed September 28, 2015
    145. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Senate Vote Ratings," accessed July 17, 2014
    146. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
    147. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
    148. ↑ NPR, "Meadows, Other Members Of Congress Self-Quarantine After CPAC Coronavirus Exposure," March 9, 2020
    149. ↑ The Hill, "Ted Cruz extends self-quarantine after second coronavirus interaction," March 13, 2020
    150. ↑ Dallas Morning News, "Ted Cruz ends self-quarantine, emerges to an altered world," March 17, 2020
    151. ↑ LinkedIn, "Heidi Cruz," accessed November 30, 2012
    152. ↑ Texas Tribune, "Bio of Ted Cruz," accessed November 1, 2012
    153. ↑ Daily Caller, "Ted Cruz’s dad: Obama is ‘just like’ Castro," accessed July 22, 2013 (dead link)
    154. ↑ Politico, "Ted Cruz's dad backs Pete Sessions challenger," January 7, 2014
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