Ilek Formation

Ilek Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower Cretaceous

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Ilek Formation; Stratigraphic range: Lower Cretaceous PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Shestakovo-3 locality
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Kiya River Basin
Underlies	Kiya Formation
Overlies	Tyazhin Formation
Thickness	Up to 746 metres (2,450 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Clay, siltstone
Other	Marl, sandstone
Location
Coordinates	[ ⚑ ] : 55°54′N 88°00′E / 55.9°N 88.0°E
Paleocoordinates	[ ⚑ ] 54°12′N 84°36′E / 54.2°N 84.6°E
Region	Western Siberia
Country	Russia
Extent	Template:Country data Kemerovo Oblast
Type section
Named by	L. A. Ragozin
Year defined	1935
	Ilek Formation (Russia) Ilek Formation (Kemerovo Oblast)

Short description: Geologic formation in Western Siberia, Russia

The Ilek Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic formation in Western Siberia. Many different fossils have been recovered from the formation. It overlies the Late Jurassic Tyazhin Formation and underlies the Albian Kiya Formation.^[1]

The formation was described by L. A. Ragozin in 1935. It consists of sands with sandstone concretions, layers of silts, clays and marls.^[2] Age of the formation, according to a crude 1962 estimate, is Valanginian(?) - Hauterivian - Barremian. Its thickness varies greatly, reaching 746 m in Teguldet borehole.^[3]

Age

The Ilek Formation conformably overlies the Upper Jurassic Tyazhin Formation.^[1] Gastropods and bivalves of Valanginian age have been recovered from the lower part of the formation, and gastropods and bivalves of Hauterivian to Barremian age have been found in the upper part, as well as Barremian ostracods. The age of the Shestakovo-1 locality is poorly constrained.^[4] Palynological samples from the Shestakovo-3 locality are characteristic of the Aptian. No angiosperm pollen has been found at this locality, indicating that it is older than the Albian.^[5] The upper layers of the formation do contain angiosperm pollen, indicating that part of the formation may extend into the Albian. The overlying Kiya Formation is upper Albian based on plant biostratigraphy.^[1]

Fauna

Amphibians reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Kiyatriton leshchinskiyi		A set of vertebrae	A salamander

Mammaliamorphs reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes
Acinacodus tagaricus^[6]		Right dentary fragment	An amphidontid mammal
Baidabatyr clivosus^[7]	Bol'shoi Kemchug 3	Upper premolar	A multituberculate
Gobiconodon hoburensis^[8]		21 upper and lower jaws.	A gobiconodont
Gobiconodon borissiaki^[9]		A fragmentary lower jaw	A gobiconodont
Kemchugia magna^[10]		A tooth	An amphilestid mammal
Kiyatherium cardiodens^[11]		A maxilla	A zhangheotheriid mammal
Sibirotherium rossicus^[12]		Lower jaw fragments	A docodont mammaliaform
Xenocretosuchus sibiricus^[13]		Dental elements	A tritylodontid mammaliamorph
Yermakia domitor^[10]	Shestakovo-1	A mandible	A tinodontid mammal

Choristoderes reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes
cf. Khurendukhosaurus	Bol'shoi Kemchug 3	Dorsal vertebra, sacral vertebra^[14]	A non-neochoristodere choristodere
"Shestakovo choristodere"	Shestakovo Bol'shoi Kemchug 3 Bol'shaya Terekhtul' 2	Fragmentary dentaries, several vertebrae, rib fragments^[14]	A possible neochoristodere^[14]
Choristodera indet.	Smolenskii Yar	Cervical centrum	May represent a taxon distinct from both Khurendukhosaurus and the Shestakovo choristodere^[14]

Lizards reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Ilekia sibirica^[15]	Bol'shoi Kemchug 3		A member of Paramacellodidae
Shestakovia voronkevichi	Bol'shoi Kemchug 3		A knob-scaled lizard

Turtles reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Kirgizemys			A macrobaenid

Crocodylomorphs reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Kyasuchus saevi^[16]		A partial skull	A shartegosuchid crocodyliform
Tagarosuchus kulemzini^[17]	Shestakovo	Nearly complete skull	A crocodyliform

Pterosaurs reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes	Image
cf. Lonchognathosaurus sp.	Novochernorechensk	Wing metacarpal fragment^[18]	A dsungaripterid

Dinosaurs reported from the Ilek Formation
Taxon	Locality	Material	Notes
Evgenavis nobilis^[19]		A set of limb elements	A confuciusornithiform
Mystiornis cyrili^[20]	Shestakovo-1	Isolated metatarsus	An avisaurid enantiornithean
Psittacosaurus sibiricus^[21]	Shestakovo	Several skeletons	A ceratopsian
Sibirotitan astrosacralis^[4]	Shestakovo-1	Vertebrae, sacrum, and pedal elements	A somphospondylan sauropod
Dromaeosauridae indet.^[22]		Teeth
Lithostrotia indet.		Caudal vertebrae	Potentially three distinct taxa of titanosaur^[23]
Tyrannosauroidea indet.^[22]		Teeth
cf. Urbacodon sp.^[22]		Teeth	A troodontid with unserrated teeth
"Morphotype C"		Teeth	May belong to either Microraptorinae or Troodontidae^[22]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Golovneva, L. B.; Shchepetov, S. V. (April 2010). "Phytostratigraphy of Albian-Cenomanian sediments in the Kiya River basin (the Chulym-Yenisei area of the west Siberian lowland)". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 18 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1134/s0869593810020048. ISSN 0869-5938. Bibcode: 2010SGC....18..153G.
↑ Криштофович А. Н., ed (1955). "Илекская свита". Геологический словарь. 1 (А-Л). pp. 271. ISBN 9785458366533. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ad_9AgAAQBAJ&q=свита&pg=PA271.
↑ Лебедев И. В., ed (1962). Биостратиграфия мезозойских и третичных отложений Западной Сибири. pp. 168–169. https://books.google.com/books?id=RsybbAazcSAC&q=Илекская&pg=PA168.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Averianov, Alexander; Ivantsov, Stepan; Skutschas, Pavel; Faingertz, Alexey; Leshchinskiy, Sergey (2018). "A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation, Western Siberia, Russia". Geobios 51 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.004. ISSN 0016-6995. Bibcode: 2018Geobi..51....1A.
↑ Bugdaeva, E V; Markevich, V S; Volynets, E B (2017). "Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the Early Cretaceous psittacosaur localities, Asia". Fifth International Symposium of International Geoscience Programme. Jeju Island, Korea. pp. 31–34.
↑ A. V. Lopatin; E. N. Maschenko & A. O. Averianov (2010). "A new genus of triconodont mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia". Doklady Biological Sciences. 433 (1): 282–285. doi:10.1134/S0012496610040137.
↑ Alexander Averianov; Alexey Lopatin; Pavel Skutschas; Stepan Ivantsov; Elizaveta Boitsova; Ivan Kuzmin (2017). "An enigmatic multituberculate mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1293070. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1293070.
↑ Trofimov, B. A. (1978). "The first triconodonts (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from Mongolia". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 243 (1): 213–216.
↑ Maschenko, E. N.; Lopatin, A. V. (1998). "First record of an Early Cretaceous triconodont mammal in Siberia". Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 68: 233–236.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 A. V. Lopatin, E. N. Maschenko, A. O. Averianov, A. S. Rezvyi, P. P. Skutschas and S. V. Leschinskiy. 2005. Early Cretaceous Mammals from Western Siberia: 1. Tinodontidae. Paleontological Journal 39(5):523-534
↑ E. N. Maschenko and A. V. Lopatin. 2002. A new Early Cretaceous mammal from Western Siberia. Doklady Biological Sciences 386:475-477
↑ Maschenko, E. N.; Lopatin, A. V.; Voronkevich, A. V. (2002). "A new genus of the tegotheriid docodonts (Docodonta, Tegotheriidae) from the Early Cretaceous of West Siberia". Russian Journal of Theriology 1 (2): 75–81. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.01.2.01. http://zmmu.msu.ru/rjt/articles/article.php?volume=1&issue=2&pages=75-81.
↑ "Fossilworks: Stereognathus". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=254183.
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 Skutschas, Pavel P.; Vitenko, Dmitriy D. (2017-05-04). "Early Cretaceous choristoderes (Diapsida, Choristodera) from Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research 77: 79–92. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.05.004. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2017CrRes..77...79S.
↑ A. O. Averianov, P. P. Skutschas, A. V. Lopatin, S. V. Leschinskiy, A. S. Rezvyi and A. V. Fayngerts. 2005. Early Cretaceous mammals from Bol'shoi Kemchug 3 locality in West Siberia, Russia. Russian Journal of Theriology 4(1):1-12
↑ Efimov, M. B. and Leshchinskiy, S. V. (2000). First finding of the fossil crocodile skull in Siberia [in Russian]. In: Komarov, A. V., ed., Materialy regional’noj konferencii geologov Sibiri, Dal’nego Vostoka i Severo−Vostoka Rossii. Tom II, 361–363. GalaPress, Tomsk.
↑ Fiorelli, L.E.; Calvo, J.O. (2007). "The first "protosuchian" (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from the Cretaceous (Santonian) of Gondwana" (PDF).
↑ Averianov, Alexander O.; Ivantsov, Stepan V.; Leshchinskiy, Sergey V.; Skutschas, Pavel P. (2022-09-01). "First pterosaur bone from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia" (in en). Cretaceous Research 137: 105230. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105230. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2022CrRes.13705230A. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000945.
↑ O'Connor, JL; Averianov, AO; Zelenkov, NV (2014). "A confuciusornithiform (Aves, Pygostylia)-like tarsometatarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia and a discussion of the evolution of avian hind". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (3): 647–656. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.828734.
↑ Evgeny N. Kurochkin; Nikita V. Zelenkov; Alexandr O. Averianov; Sergei V. Leshchinskiy (2011). "A new taxon of birds (Aves) from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia, Russia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (1): 109–117. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.522202.
↑ Averianov, Alexander O.; Voronkevich, Alexei V.; Leshchinskiy, Sergei V.; Fayngertz, Alexei V. (2006). "A ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus sibiricus from the Early Cretaceous of West Siberia, Russia and its phylogenetic relationships". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 4 (4): 359–395. doi:10.1017/s1477201906001933.
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 ^22.2 ^22.3 Averianov, A.O.; Ivantsov, S.V.; Skutschas, P.P. (2019-06-25). "Theropod teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation of Western Siberia, Russia" (in ru). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 323 (2): 65–84. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2019.323.2.65. ISSN 0206-0477.
↑ Alexander O. Averianov; Stepan V. Ivantsov; Pavel P. Skutschas (2020). "Caudal vertebrae of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation in Western Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research 107: Article 104309. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104309. Bibcode: 2020CrRes.10704309A.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilek Formation. Read more

[Golovneva2010-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Golovneva, L. B.; Shchepetov, S. V. (April 2010). "Phytostratigraphy of Albian-Cenomanian sediments in the Kiya River basin (the Chulym-Yenisei area of the west Siberian lowland)". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 18 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1134/s0869593810020048. ISSN 0869-5938. Bibcode: 2010SGC....18..153G.

[dict_1955-2] Криштофович А. Н., ed (1955). "Илекская свита". Геологический словарь. 1 (А-Л). pp. 271. ISBN 9785458366533. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ad_9AgAAQBAJ&q=свита&pg=PA271.

[Lebedev_1962-3] Лебедев И. В., ed (1962). Биостратиграфия мезозойских и третичных отложений Западной Сибири. pp. 168–169. https://books.google.com/books?id=RsybbAazcSAC&q=Илекская&pg=PA168.

[Averianov2018-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Averianov, Alexander; Ivantsov, Stepan; Skutschas, Pavel; Faingertz, Alexey; Leshchinskiy, Sergey (2018). "A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation, Western Siberia, Russia". Geobios 51 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.004. ISSN 0016-6995. Bibcode: 2018Geobi..51....1A.

[Bugdaeva2017-5] Bugdaeva, E V; Markevich, V S; Volynets, E B (2017). "Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the Early Cretaceous psittacosaur localities, Asia". Fifth International Symposium of International Geoscience Programme. Jeju Island, Korea. pp. 31–34.

[6] A. V. Lopatin; E. N. Maschenko & A. O. Averianov (2010). "A new genus of triconodont mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia". Doklady Biological Sciences. 433 (1): 282–285. doi:10.1134/S0012496610040137.

[7] Alexander Averianov; Alexey Lopatin; Pavel Skutschas; Stepan Ivantsov; Elizaveta Boitsova; Ivan Kuzmin (2017). "An enigmatic multituberculate mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1293070. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1293070.

[8] Trofimov, B. A. (1978). "The first triconodonts (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from Mongolia". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 243 (1): 213–216.

[9] Maschenko, E. N.; Lopatin, A. V. (1998). "First record of an Early Cretaceous triconodont mammal in Siberia". Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 68: 233–236.

[V._Lopatin,_E._N_2005-10] 10.0 ^10.1 A. V. Lopatin, E. N. Maschenko, A. O. Averianov, A. S. Rezvyi, P. P. Skutschas and S. V. Leschinskiy. 2005. Early Cretaceous Mammals from Western Siberia: 1. Tinodontidae. Paleontological Journal 39(5):523-534

[11] E. N. Maschenko and A. V. Lopatin. 2002. A new Early Cretaceous mammal from Western Siberia. Doklady Biological Sciences 386:475-477

[12] Maschenko, E. N.; Lopatin, A. V.; Voronkevich, A. V. (2002). "A new genus of the tegotheriid docodonts (Docodonta, Tegotheriidae) from the Early Cretaceous of West Siberia". Russian Journal of Theriology 1 (2): 75–81. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.01.2.01. http://zmmu.msu.ru/rjt/articles/article.php?volume=1&issue=2&pages=75-81.

[13] "Fossilworks: Stereognathus". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=254183.

[Skutschas2017-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 Skutschas, Pavel P.; Vitenko, Dmitriy D. (2017-05-04). "Early Cretaceous choristoderes (Diapsida, Choristodera) from Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research 77: 79–92. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.05.004. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2017CrRes..77...79S.

[15] A. O. Averianov, P. P. Skutschas, A. V. Lopatin, S. V. Leschinskiy, A. S. Rezvyi and A. V. Fayngerts. 2005. Early Cretaceous mammals from Bol'shoi Kemchug 3 locality in West Siberia, Russia. Russian Journal of Theriology 4(1):1-12

[16] Efimov, M. B. and Leshchinskiy, S. V. (2000). First finding of the fossil crocodile skull in Siberia [in Russian]. In: Komarov, A. V., ed., Materialy regional’noj konferencii geologov Sibiri, Dal’nego Vostoka i Severo−Vostoka Rossii. Tom II, 361–363. GalaPress, Tomsk.

[17] Fiorelli, L.E.; Calvo, J.O. (2007). "The first "protosuchian" (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from the Cretaceous (Santonian) of Gondwana" (PDF).

[18] Averianov, Alexander O.; Ivantsov, Stepan V.; Leshchinskiy, Sergey V.; Skutschas, Pavel P. (2022-09-01). "First pterosaur bone from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia" (in en). Cretaceous Research 137: 105230. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105230. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2022CrRes.13705230A. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000945.

[19] O'Connor, JL; Averianov, AO; Zelenkov, NV (2014). "A confuciusornithiform (Aves, Pygostylia)-like tarsometatarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia and a discussion of the evolution of avian hind". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (3): 647–656. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.828734.

[20] Evgeny N. Kurochkin; Nikita V. Zelenkov; Alexandr O. Averianov; Sergei V. Leshchinskiy (2011). "A new taxon of birds (Aves) from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia, Russia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (1): 109–117. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.522202.

[21] Averianov, Alexander O.; Voronkevich, Alexei V.; Leshchinskiy, Sergei V.; Fayngertz, Alexei V. (2006). "A ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus sibiricus from the Early Cretaceous of West Siberia, Russia and its phylogenetic relationships". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 4 (4): 359–395. doi:10.1017/s1477201906001933.

[Averianov2019-22] 22.0 ^22.1 ^22.2 ^22.3 Averianov, A.O.; Ivantsov, S.V.; Skutschas, P.P. (2019-06-25). "Theropod teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation of Western Siberia, Russia" (in ru). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 323 (2): 65–84. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2019.323.2.65. ISSN 0206-0477.

[23] Alexander O. Averianov; Stepan V. Ivantsov; Pavel P. Skutschas (2020). "Caudal vertebrae of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation in Western Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research 107: Article 104309. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104309. Bibcode: 2020CrRes.10704309A.

Ilek Formation

Contents

Age

Fauna

See also

References